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3040 exam 2 review
3040 exam 2 review
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1
A parent with low levels of involvement, demands, and warmth has an ______ style.
indifferent
indulgent
authoritarian
authoritative
2
The ______ emphasizes both adolescents' media preferences and the impacts of exposure.
cultivation theory
uses and gratifications approach
routine activity theory
media practice model
3
An adolescent who identifies as a ______ is most likely to be involved in peer culture.
nerd
brain
partyer
druggie
4
Higher levels of ______ are associated with lower levels of delinquency in adolescence.
intensive employment
unstructured leisure time
adult supervision
peer pressure
5
Which of these most likely increases in early adolescence and decreases in late adolescence?
Unsupervised time with peers
The imoprtance of crowd membership
Employment
Emotional closeness with parents
6
When children leave home, ______.
mothers' mental health declines, but fathers' mental health improves
fathers are more likely to be relieved of household work than mothers
fathers are more likely to feel loss and regret than mothers
parents' mental health declines
7
Students who work long hours may have lower school performance because they ______.
are less likely to cheat
are more involved in extracurricular activities
have more effective time management skills
tend to take less demanding classes
8
Positive youth development programs are more likely to be successful when they ______.
keep participants involved in the program for a long time each day
give participants responsibility and encourage persistence
focus on ability to follow directions and complete repetitive tasks
make sure participants are always having fun
9
Compared to physical bullying, cyber bullying tends to ______.
come from more reactive, less well-adjusted youth
result in worse outcomes for victims
be more common
make adolescents more popular
10
The 5 Cs of positive youth development are most likely to encourage ______.
manipulative behavior in order to win competitions
strict adherence to teachers' rules in the classroom
positive relationships, self-worth, and self-efficacy
obtaining full-time employment before graduating high school
11
Students are more engaged when teachers have an ______ style.
indifferent
authoritative
authoritarian
indulgent
12
Lower SES and higher SES students have similar progress in school, but in summer ______.
higher SES students' scores improve
lower SES students' scores improve
lower SES students' scores decline
higher SES students' scores decline
13
According to the diathesis stress model, vulnerable people ______ in a positive environment.
fare much worse than non-vulnerable people
flourish more than non-vulnerable people
are comparable to non-vulnerable people
report greater levels of distress
14
Older students are generally more likely to hold ______ jobs compared to younger students.
formal
agricultural
informal
child care
15
An ______ parent doesn't establish or enforce rules, and may try to be a friend to their child.
authoritarian
authoritative
indifferent
indulgent
16
ADHD is defined by ______.
inattention, impulsivity, and/or hyperactivity
persistent intrusive thoughts and bouts of panic
oppositional defiant behavior when dealing with authority
social withdrawal, lethargy, and feelings of sadness
17
Divorce most likely results in ______.
large and permanent effects on achievement, mental health, and well-being
temporary stress and difficulties, but most individuals recover
equal impacts for all youth
more negative impacts for youth from high-conflict families
18
Social media use can be beneficial, to the extent that adolescents use it to ______.
displace in-person friendships
stay connected and communicate with others
look at photos and videos
displace activities that they don't want to do, like homework and studying
19
Research on sibling relationships indicate that it may be best for parents to ______.
give more attention and resources to one child
treat children differently but fairly
treat children completely the same
encourage sibling rivalry and competition
20
Which of these accurately describes impacts on classroom environment?
Moderate, rather than strict, control promotes positive student behavior.
Task oriented classrooms promote higher levels of engagement.
Teachers who focus on strict discipline promote the most positive climate.
Classroom climate has little effect on achievement.
21
On average, adolescents use media for ______ a day
30 minutes
9 hours
2 hours
5 hours
22
Adolescents may bicker with their parents more often because they ______.
distinguish matters of personal choice from matters of safety or morality
rebel against their parents just for the sake of rebelling
reject all rules and authority
differ from their parents in core values
23
Which of these is LEAST likely to have an impact on adolescent psychosocial development?
Teacher-student interactions
School size
Class size
Teachers' standards and expectations
24
Victimization in adolescence tends to result in ______.
increased assertiveness and social competence
decreased likelihood of bullying others
increased sympathy and popularity from peers
decreased academic engagement and performance
25
Adolescent delinquency tends to be most common on ______.
weekend afternoons
weekday mornings
weekend nights
weekday afternoons
26
Arnold identifies as a brain. His peer cliques will most likely have ______.
low school orientation and low antisocial activity
high school orientation and high antisocial activity
high school orientation and low antisocial activity
low school orientation and high antisocial activity
27
Adolescents most likely agree with their parents when it comes to ______.
Music choice
Core values
Leisure activities
Clothing
28
Industrialization may have led to increased secondary education because ______.
it led to the need for a more skilled workforce
social reformers pushed for high school to be optional
it led to safer jobs for children and adolescents
people moved from cities to rural areas
29
Which of these is NOT commonly used to study genetic influences?
Comparing identical and fraternal twins
Comparing children in stepfamilies with their siblings and stepsiblings
Comparing adopted children to their adoptive and biological parents
Randomly assigning adolescents to have genes mutated in an experiment
30
In general, students perform best when their teachers emphasize ______.
obedience
competition
cooperation
memorization
31
Which of these is most likely responsible for decreased adolescent employment?
Part-time wages and benefits have improved significantly
Fewer high school graduates are going to college
Recession in 2008 leaving many adults without jobs
Parents no longer want teens to work
32
A strict, controlling parent that enforces rules with harsh punishment has an ______ style.
authoritative
indifferent
indulgent
authoritarian
33
16-year-old Nora is most likely to argue with her parents about ______.
what clothing she chooses to wear
what her educational goals are
the importance of hard work
her religious views
34
Which theory predicts that adolescents choose the media to which they are exposed?
Cultivation theory
Recapitulation theory
Uses and gratifications approach
Routine activity theory
35
______ explains how teachers' expectations can influence students' performance.
The big fish-little pond effect
No Child Left Behind
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Mainstreaming
36
Small schools, compared to large schools, tend to ______.
have students that are less engaged and perform worse academically
have greater variation in curricula across the school
have higher rates of student participation in extracurricular activities
offer a greater variety of courses
37
In cofigurative cultures, ______.
young people are socialized by similar-age peers as well as older adults
older adults are socialized by young people
young people are socialized entirely by similar-age peers
young people are socialized entirely by older adults
38
Compared to 100 years ago, adolescents today ______.
spend more time in school and stay in school longer
stay in school longer, but spend less time in school per year
spend less time in school per year and drop out earlier
spend more time in school per year, but drop out earlier
39
Kyle is a White 13-year-old boy. His peer cliques most likely consist of ______.
White boys who vary widely in age
13-year-old boys who vary in race and ethnicity
White 13-year-old boys
White 13-year-old boys and girls
40
A warm, firm, involved, and consistent parent most likely has a ______ parenting style.
indulgent
authoritative
authoritarian
indifferent
41
According to routine activity theory, ______ is most likely to lead to adolescent delinquency.
unstructured time with peers
involvement in extracurricular activities
lower-than-average intelligence
media usage
42
Which peer status is most strongly associated with negative outcomes?
Popular
Neglected
Rejected
Controversial
43
Someone high on sociometric popularity most likely ______.
gossips and spreads lies about other students
is very withdrawn and viewed as submissive
is well-liked and nice to others
pushes other students around and is seen as a bully
44
Exposure to sexual media most likely affects adolescents' ______.
relationships with friends
attitudes and beliefs
school performance
sexual behavior
45
One aspect of No Child Left Behind was that ______.
states adopted a common set of standards and curricula
continually underperforming schools might not receive federal funding
standardized testing in grade school was eliminated
continually underperforming schools received more federal funding
46
Effective parenting tends to involve ______.
strict rules and harsh discipline
love, support, and consistent discipline
high levels of warmth with no rules or discipline
a lack of rules and low levels of warmth
47
Which of the following best describes the roles of parents and peers in adolescence?
Peers become more influential, and parents have no impact.
Peers become more influential, but parents influence peer selection.
Parents become more influential, and peers have no impact.
Adolescents spend more time with parents, who are more influential
48
Membership in a crowd is most likely based on ______.
intimate friendship
physical proximity
reputation
frequent social interactions
49
In 8th grade, students who work are most likely to work in ______.
restaurants
babysitting and lawn work
clothing stores
car dealerships
50
A postifgurative culture is most likely one that ______.
is based on knowledge, and focuses on age-graded education and training
is based on rapid advancements in technology and devices
changes rapidly and emphasizes peer socialization
is kinship-based and focuses on hunting, farming, and fishing
51
Which of these is a shared environmental influence?
Siblings decide to pursue different hobbies
A mother who treats one child warmly, but is more harsh with the other
People treat one twin as smarter and stronger than the other
Twins who both have warm, supportive parents
52
A teen who identifies as a ______ is most likely to be involved in adult-valued institutions.
partyer
normal
jock
druggie
53
Individuals who engage in ______ are more likely to have high perceived popularity.
relational aggression
physical aggression
delinquent behavior
reactive aggression
54
Family systems theory predicts midlife parents and adolescent may have conflict because ______.
middle-aged parents are more optimistic than their children
adolescents are reaching physical prime, but parents' health is declining
parents are increasing in power and status, while adolescents are not
adolescents want to be closer to parents, but parents want more distance
55
Sexual media may have a negative impact on adolescents due to its portrayal of ______.
the negative consequences of unprotected sex
objectification and sexual harassment
humorous and suggestive comments
sex within a loving, caring relationship
56
Overall, the greatest number of working high school students are employed in ______.
service and retail establishments
factories and manufacturing plants
offices and other clerical settings
construction and manual labor
57
In the past 100 years, high school enrollment levels have ______.
increased until 1970, then remained high and stable
decreased until 1950, then increased since then
increased until 1950, then declined since then
decreased until 1970, then remained low and stable
58
Increases in peer socialization during adolescence are mostly driven by ______.
increases in unsupervised time with same-sex peers
increases in supervised time with same-sex peers
increases in time with mixed-sex peer groups
the sharper increase in boys' peer socialization compared to girls
59
Which of the following is most likely to result in iatrogenic effects?
A positive youth development program that encourages responsibility
Individual counseling sessions for individuals with problem behaviors
Interventions focused on improving classroom climate
A group-based intervention for teens with problem behaviors
60
In the past 50 years, adolescents' time spent on ______ has declined.
paid jobs
school
using media
leisure activities