SAM FINAL (Hepatobiliary)

Platynosum fastosum (liver fluke) in cats can cause either enzymes pattern. After diagnosing on fecal, how do you treat?

What would cause a Liver FUNCTION failure? (Increased: BUN & TBILI Decreased: GLU, ALB, CHOL)

The gallbladder contains bile which instantly causes peritonitis if it leaks. How is this prevented?

If the liver isn't working, has a shunt, or is in end-stage failure (cirrhosis= acquired shunts) a patient can get:

The portal system & arterial system supply the liver with blood. Where does the arterial system branch from?

Which of the following are common primary hepatic/ biliary neoplasias in dogs?

Which breed is predisposed for Copper hepatopathy & Lobular dissecting hepatitis?

What position should the patient be in for hepatic surgery?

What might cause the following results?

An outdoor cat from Texas suddenly becomes very ill with a hepatocellular pattern. What is the MOST likely Ddx?

What is the only vein that SHOULD exist between the renal & hepatic veins?

A dog presents smaller than their littermates. Urinalysis (ALWAYS do!) shows ammonium biurate crystalluria. What next?

Prior to hepatic surgery (FNA, Biopsy), what tests NEED to be performed?

Most hepatic neoplasia is metastatic. Diagnosis is achieved with:

Which of the following treatments requires a diagnosis for use (cannot be used empirically)?

Of the following routes of surgical attenuation (TOC for shunts) which is only an option for Intrahepatic Shunts?

Copper hepatopathy is genetic for Labrador retrievers, Bedlington terriers, & Doberman. How is is treated?

Which diagnostic test is 100% sensitive and is the BEST for assessing vascular liver disease early on?

A dog with end-stage liver disease presents with ascites due to low albuminemia & cirrhosis. What is their MST?

Which antibiotics are excreted in active form in the bile?

To surgically identify a PSS (thin-wall & turbulent) you approach ventral midline. Where is the portal vein located?

Feline Infectious Peritonitis dry form can mimic chronic liver disease. How can you obtain a definitive diagnosis?

For a dog with an inflammatory hepatopathy, which of the following are NEGATIVE prognostic factors?

ALT & ALKP are Liver enzymes that shift with Liver damage. What changes do you expect with Liver FUNCTION failure?

The liver is the largest gland in the body. For surgery, which area is the hardest to reach & carries worst mortality?

What is the emergency treatment for a cat with hepatic lipidosis (diagnosed with FNA)?

Which treatment below can be used empirically, but carries the risk of side-effects?

Although a markedly high ALT (thousands) suggests liver toxicity, what provides a definitive diagnosis?

Non-obstructive biliary disease can progress to be obstructive. What is monitored in hospital to catch this?

Which of the following results from an abdominocentesis warrants emergency surgery?

Which diagnostic test can BEST differentiate Portosystemic Shunt from Microvascular Dysplasia?

The Pringle Maneuver can be placed for a maximum of 20min. This is used to block which structures?

What medications prevent further damage from cholestasis?

Which of the following radiographic findings support the diagnosis of portosystemic shunt?

Which infectious diseases will show a cholestatic pattern (high ALKP)?

What is the treatment for toxic injury to the liver?

When is a "liver diet" indicated?

Toxins can cause hepatocellular damage leading to necrosis. Sometimes this occurs weeks after exposure like with:

Cats with inflammatory cholangitis commonly have secondary bacterial cholangitis. This is diagnosed via:

A dog presents with respiratory, ocular, and CNS symptoms. Bloodwork shows a hepatocellular pattern. Mot likely Ddx?

What is a good empiric therapy plan for a hospitalized patient pending results on an infectious hepatopathy?

Which breeds are predisposed for gallbladder mucoceles (average around 11 years old)?

The half-life of ALT in species is different. In which species is even a mild increase clinically relevant?

Cats have a different pathophysiology for cholangitis than dogs. How do cats obtain cholangitis?

How can Salmonella be diagnosed if exposure is suspected?

What are the indications for a biliary stent, cholecystostomy tube, or bile duct stent?

What is the medical management for a patient with hepatic encephalopathy or a porto-systemic shunt?

Hepatobiliary surgery is considered what type of surgery?

Of the possible palliative treatments below for end-stage liver disease, which one helps reduce pressure from cirrhosis?

A cat with gallbladder disease needs what kind of diet?

Inflammatory liver diseases (i.e. copper hepatopathy, breed hepatopathy, infectious, toxic, idiopathic) are diagnosed:

Which of the following are common causes of acute hepatic failure (>75% of hepatocytes lost)?

What might cause the following results?

What breed has the genetic form of vacuolar hepatopathy? Monitor for development of hepatocellular carcinoma.

What type of congenital (individual) Porto-Systemic Shunts do medium to large breed dogs tend to get?

Ultrasound reveals a small liver. This may be due to:

ALT is primarily hepatocellular, ALKP is primarily cholestatic. What does the following results suggest?

After a CHEM panel, you can confirm Liver FUNCTION failure with Ammonia, PT/PTT, and: