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Module 3 (Biological Diversity) and Module 4 (Ecosystem Dynamics) Flashcards | StudBud
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Module 3 (Biological Diversity) and Module 4 (Ecosystem Dynamics)
Module 3 (Biological Diversity) and Module 4 (Ecosystem Dynamics)
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1
Which one of the following is the correct sequence of these events?
II, IV, I, V, III
II, IV, I, III, V
V, IV, II, III, I
I, II, V, IV, III
2
What is the role of photosynthesis in ecosystems?
To convert light energy into chemical energy
To trap the sunlight
To produce energy for all food chains
To convert oxygen to carbon dioxide
3
Within what time frame does natural selection occur?
A few months
A few generations
A few years
A few weeks
4
Read the following about the evolution of the horse.
The horse has decreased in size and moves faster.
The horse has increased in size and moves faster.
The horse has decreased in size and moves slower.
The horse has increased in size and moves slower.
5
How have cane toads evolved since invading Australia?
Toads on the expansion border move in a purposeful direction
Toads on the expansion border are larger with stronger legs
Toads on the expansion border are smarter
Toads on the expansion border lay more eggs
6
Ice cores are particularly useful for reconstructing past Earth climates because:
all of the above
they often trap dust&pollen that settles from the atmosphere
isotopic analysis of bubbles allow infer temperatures
they contain trapped bubbles of atmospheric gas
7
What is the cause of the loss of colour in the coral during coral bleaching events?
Fertiliser runoff from coastal farmland
Rising salt levels in the ocean
The loss of symbiotic algae that lives in the coral
Algal blooms are blocking the sun reaching the coral
8
A fossilised platypus skull was analysed using radiocarbon dating and 12.5% of the carbon-14 in the sample remains.
11460 years
17190 years
5730 years
716 years
9
Read the statement about the Mountain Pygmy possum and identify what type of adaptation it is.
Physical
Structural
Behavioural
Physiological
10
How has radiometric dating assisted in the development of an increased understanding of the evolution of living things?
It allows all organelle in cells to be observed.
It allows DNA to be collected from fossils.
It is used to determine the type of rock a fossil is preserved in.
It is used to determine the absolute age of rock strata containing fossils.
11
Which of the following best describes 'punctuated equilibrium'?
Gradual changes in a species over long periods of time.
Bursts of rapid change in a species followed by long periods of no change.
No change in a species over long periods of time.
Continual significant changes in a species over long periods of time.
12
Which of the following are thought to be the most likely causes of megafauna extinction in Australia?
European farming practices and introduced species
Land clearing and habitat destruction by bushfires
Volcanic activity and human settlement
Climate change and hunting by humans
13
The most appropriate sampling technique for studying the distribution over a large area of bushland would be:
to do a transect across several sections of the area.
to collect samples from the area and make calculations back in the lab.
to organise a team to count all the plants in the sample area.
to use aerial photographs to count only the large dominant trees.
14
Read and analyse the following information about 'Ice Age Temperature Changes'
When Antarctic temperatures decrease, the ice volume increases.
When Antarctic temperatures decrease, the ice volume decreases.
When Antarctic temperatures remains stable, the ice volume increases.
When Antarctic temperatures decrease, the ice volume remains stable.
15
In terms of evolution, changes in the biotic and abiotic environment act on living things as:
driving forces
abiotic factors
biotic factors
selective pressures
16
A change in an organism’s structure or function that makes it better suited to its environment is called:
adaptation.
trophic interaction.
commensalism.
mutualism.
17
What term refers to the functional role of an organism in its environment (trophic level, habitat, and active periods)?
Community
Symbiotic relationship
Optimum range
Ecological niche
18
The similarities of Australian dingos and American wolves is an example of:
divergent evolution
convergent evolution
19
Which of the following is NOT an abiotic factor?
Temperature
pH
Altitude
Predation
20
When a relationship between two species results in one that benefits and the other that is not harmed, this is called:
commensalism.
parasitism.
allelopathy.
mutualism.
21
Which one of the following is an example of allelopathy?
The growth of ferns on the sides of large trees in a coastal rainforest
The cooperation of an alga and a fungus to form lichen
The suppression of plant growth by pine trees at their base
The existence of rare species in specialised environments in Australia
22
Overuse of antibiotics has caused some species of bacteria to become antibiotic-resistant. What is this an example of?
Genetic diversity
Allopatric speciation
Microevolution
Macroevolution
23
Read the following information about the North American Flying Squirrel and the Australian Sugar Glider.
Evolved as they have undergone speciation in recent evolutionary history
Evolved as they have undergone speciation in recent evolutionary history
Evolved as they live in environments with similar environmental pressures
Evolved because they share a common ancestor in recent evolutionary history
24
Listed are the steps that Natural Selection occurs in. Which is in the correct order?
Selective Reproduction, Inheritance, Variation, Gradual Population Change
Selective Reproduction, Inheritance, Variation, Gradual Population Change
Gradual Population Change, Variation, Inheritance, Selective Reproduction
Variation, Selective Reproduction, Inheritance, Gradual Population Change
25
The following picture is an example of what type of evidence for evolution?
comparative embryology
comparative anatomy
molecular biology
fossils
26
Refer to the picture.
Predict the future life forms that will evolve
Predict the potential impact of env. changes on modern life
Implement strategies to stop environmental change
Implement scientific procedures
27
Which line is likely the predator?
Blue
Red
28
The diagram below provides evidence to best support which of the following statements?
All life on Earth has a common ancestor
All amphibians and fish have a common ancestor
All animals have a common ancestor
All vertebrates have a common ancestor
29
A palaeontologist:
studies plants and animals and their diversity.
studies plants and their diversity.
studies marsupials.
studies the fossil record.
30
What selection pressure is driving cane toads to expand their habitats in Australia?
More favourable weather conditions
The travel bug
Global warming
Competition for resources
31
Identify the organelle responsible for photosynthesis.
Mitochondrion
Ribsome
Golgi apparatus
Chloroplasts
32
Identify the organelle responsible for respiration.
Ribosome
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondrion
33
An example of a predator-prey interaction may include:
a clown fish living in an anemone
plants using chemicals to exclude other plants
a killer whale feeding on sea turtles
a worm that lives in the gut of a mammal.
34
Abiotic characteristics are:
the non-living components of the environment.
the living components of the environment.
the characteristics of weather in the environment.
both the living and non-living components of the environment.
35
Cane toad infestation of Australia is spreading. Which selective pressure is most likely to affect a local population?
Competition for food
Climate change
Disease
Competition for sunlight
36
Which of the following correctly identifies biotic selection pressures in an environment:
Disease, competition, predation
Disease, humidity, predation
Predation, temperature, disease
Predation, weather conditions, disease
37
Read the following and identify the relationship between Lactobacillus and humans.
Mutualism
Probiotic
Commensalism
Parasitism
