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AP Psychology Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psychology Exam Review
AP Psychology Exam Review
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1
Parental involvement can have dramatic effects on all of the following human traits, EXCEPT...?
Intelligence
Reading ability
Motor development
Self-esteem
2
Which brain scans should be used when studying connections between stimuli and brain processes?
CAT and EKG
MRI and CAT
EKG and CAT
PET and EEG
3
Blindness could result from damage to which cortex and lobe of the brain?
Visual cortex in the occipital lobe.
Cerebral cortex in the occipital lobe.
Visual cortex in the temporal lobe.
Visual cortex in the frontal lobe.
4
One of the principal differences between ethical guidelines for human and animal research is...
Conditions for humans must be monitored more closely.
Humans must be chosen much more carefully than animals.
Humans can be deceived for experimental purposes.
Animals can be placed at much greater risk than humans.
5
One of your classmates remarks that "Ryan is all id." What does she likely mean?
Ryan uses a lot of defense mechanisms.
Ryan frequently pursues immediate gratification.
Ryan is a perfectionist.
Ryan is a highly-ethical person.
6
Paralysis of the left arm might be explained by a problem in the...
Motor cortex in the frontal lobe of the right hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the parietal lobe in the left hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the frontal lobe in the left hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the occipital lobe in the right hemisphere.
7
In which stage of cognitive development do infants learn object permanence?
Formal Operations
Sensorimotor
Conventional
Pre-operational
8
Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory has been criticized for being...
Too applicable for research settings.
Based on large groups, not individual cases.
Unscientific and unverifiable
Appropriate for only female patients.
9
Which of the following attachment styles did Mary Ainsworth find most often in her research?
Authoritarian
Avoidant
Secure
Authoritative
10
Gate-Control Theory refers to...
Which pain messages are perceived.
Blocking sound waves, causing some waves to be undetected.
How our minds use either bottom-up or top-down processing.
Which sensory impulses are transmitted first.
11
Phonemes and morphemes refer to...
Elements of language.
Basic elements of memories stored in long-term memory.
Elements of telegraphic speech toddlers use.
Two types of influences language has on thought.
12
Night Terrors and Somnambulism usually occur during which stage of sleep?
REM Sleep, but only later in the night.
Stage 1
Stage 4
REM Sleep
13
Theoretically, random assignment should eliminate...
Sampling error
Concerns over validity
The need for a representative sample
Many confounding variables
14
Which of the following neurotransmitters allows you to have control over your muscles?
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Thorazine
15
Which of the following is not one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences?
Spatial
Practical
Musical
Linguistic
16
Which neurotransmitter is affected by opiates?
Dopamine
Serotonin
Endorphins
GABA
17
Dr. J ran an a study and found p=.07. What can she conclude?
strong positive correlation
weak positive correlation
Results not due to chance
Results may be due to chance
18
In most people, which of the following is a specific function of the left hemisphere?
Spatial reasoning
Abstract reasoning
Producing speech
Control of the left hand
19
Which method of therapy is most eclectic?
Psychodynamic
Token economy
Client-centered
Psychoanalytic
20
Antidepressant drugs that treat mood disorders affect which type of neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Adrenaline
Endorphins
21
You find a slug on the shed only after it rains. What kind of reinforcement schedule is this?
Variable Interval
Fixed Interval
Continuous
Variable Ratio
22
Symbolic dream analysis might be used by a psychologist from which perspective?
Psychoanalytic
Biopsychologist
Behaviorist
Structuralist
23
In the Milgram studies, the dependent measure was...?
The highest level of shock supposedly administered.
The location of the learner.
The instructions given by the experimenter.
The number of people in the group.
24
Which of the following is most likely to reduce hostility between antagonistic groups?
Punish the groups whenever they treat each other badly.
Encourage them to avoid each other as much as possible.
Give groups a task that must be solved by working together.
Force the groups to spend a lot of time together.
25
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Depriving a prison inmate of sleep.
Going inside to escape a thunderstorm.
Assigning a student a detention for fighting.
Buying a child a video game after she throws a tantrum.
26
Sandy scores a perfect 100 on a test everyone else fails. Graphically, the data would be...
A straight line
Normal
Negatively skewed
Positively skewed
27
Which of the following is an example of the representativeness heuristic?
Making a judgment according to past experiences.
Believing younger people are more likely to start fights.
Solving a problem by breaking it down into smaller parts.
Judging a situation by a rule that is usually true.
28
Redirecting unacceptable urges into more acceptable pursuits defines which defense mechanism?
Rationalization
Denial
Regression
Sublimation
29
Which aspects of hunger are controlled by the lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus?
Body temperature and desire to eat.
The desire to eat and the feeling of fullness.
The binge and purge cycle in bulimics.
Contraction and expansion of the stomach.
30
Which of the following concepts is most integral to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
Behaviorism
Structuralism
Gestalt Theory
The unconscious mind
31
Depression is associated with low levels of...
Dopamine
Epinephrine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
32
Behaviorists explain human thought and behavior as a result of...
Unconscious behavioral impulses
Individual choice
Biological processes
Past conditioning
33
Which of the following best describes the relationship between sensation and perception?
Sensation is mechanical, while perception is cognitive.
Perception is an advanced form of sensation.
Sensation is in the senses while perception is in the brain.
Sensation detects stimuli, perception interprets stimuli.
34
The Flynn Effect is the finding that...
Television has decreased intellectual performance.
Linguistic skills decline with age.
Intelligence seems to increase with every generation.
The more people take a test, the better they tend to score.
35
The principal difference between a longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study is...
The statistical methods employed to evaluate the data.
The developmental stage of the participants.
The time span of the study.
The number of participants involved.
36
Who is credited with creating client-centered therapy?
Carl Rogers
Albert Ellis
Aaron Beck
Fritz Perls
37
Someone who has an external locus of control is likely to have...
A belief in luck.
A strong libido.
A positive self-concept.
A high sense of self-efficacy.
38
If you only had sight in one eye, which of the following depth cues could you NOT use?
Linear perspective
Convergence
Texture gradient
Interposition
39
All of the following people are known for their theories of intelligences, EXCEPT...?
Flynn
Guilford
Gardner
Thurstone
40
Agonists are psychoactive drugs that...
Mimic neurotransmitters and block their receptor sites.
Enhance the effects of certain opiates like heroin.
Mimic the same effects as certain neurotransmitters.
Produce tolerance to the drug without withdrawal symptoms.
41
Which concept from memory directly contradicts the belief that humans never forget anything?
Selective Attention
Constructive Memory
Sensory Memory
Recovered Memory
42
The cochlea is responsible for...
Protecting the surface of the eye.
Transforming vibrations into neural signals.
Sending messages to the brain about the body's orientation.
Transmitting vibrations to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup.
43
r=-.88. What can you infer?
Variables are weakly related in the same direction
Variables are weakly related in the opposite direction
Variables are strongly related in the same direction
Variables are strongly related in the opposite direction
44
Ads are more effective when the communicators are: I. Attractive; II. Famous; III. Experts
II and III
II Only
I, II, and III
I and II
45
Weber's Law determines...
Amplitude of sound waves
Absolute threshold
Just-noticeable difference
Level of subliminal messages
46
According to the nativist theory (Chomsky), language is acquired...
Only if instruction is provided in the native language.
Using an inborn ability to learn language.
By parents reinforcing correct language use.
Best in the language and culture native to the family.
47
Perceived control over a stressful event results in...
Increased arousal.
More motivation to solve the stressful problem.
More frustration regarding the stressful event.
Less reported stress.
48
Psychologists prefer the experimental method to other research methods because...
Experiments can show cause-effect relationships.
Experiments are more likely to support hypotheses.
Experiments always result in statistically significant findings
It is easier to obtain a random sample.
49
Which of the following is the best analogy for how psychologists view consciousness?
The on/off switch on a computer.
The ignition switch on a car.
A circuit breaker that controls power to a house.
A dimmer switch for a light fixture.
50
Which reinforcement schedule would most quickly teach a cat to jump through a hoop?
Continuous
Fixed Ratio
Fixed Interval
Variable Ratio
51
The balanced physiological state we are driven to attain by satisfying our needs is called...?
Equilibrium
Homeostasis
Primary satisfaction
Self-actualization
52
According to Erikson's theory, adolescents are primarily concerned in a search for...?
Career
Autonomy
Identity
Affection
53
Paul takes a test in the army to see if he would make a good pilot. Such a test is a(n)...?
Intelligence test
Aptitude test
Standardized test
Achievement test
54
Which process involves counterconditioning?
Somatic therapy
Transference
ECT
Systematic desensitization
55
Which of the following is not an anxiety disorder?
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Disorder
Conversion Disorder
Zoophobia
56
Which of the following is an example of random sampling?
Picking out of a hat to assign subjects to a condition.
Approaching any 50 students during 6th-period lunch.
Having a computer generate a random list of 100 students.
Flipping a coin to assign students to two different tests.
57
Which is NOT one of the big five personality traits?
Openness
Honesty
Extraversion
Agreeableness
58
"Brain plasticity" refers to...
The brain's ability to regrow damaged neurons.
New connections forming to take over for damaged sections.
Our adaptability to different problems.
The surface texture of the cerebral cortex.
59
A negative side-effect of ECT is...
Memory loss
Tardive dyskinesia
Hysteria
Hallucinations
60
Which sentence most accurately describes sensory memory?
Perfectly stores all sensory input for a limited time.
Decides which memories to encode in long-term memory.
Records all incoming sensations, remembering them forever.
Encodes only sensations we are currently attending to.
61
Generating alternate hypotheses to explain a phenomenon demonstrates which Piagetian stage?
Formal operations
Operational
Abstract reasoning
Syllogistic
62
All schizophrenics suffer from...
Multiple personalities
Depression
Hallucinations
Compulsions
63
Which statement about bulimia is true?
All bulimics use vomiting to rid their bodies of calories.
The main cause of bulimia is society's emphasis on thinness.
Bulimics lose in excess of 15 percent of their body weight.
Bulimics tend to be overly concerned with their body image.
64
Which approach toward personality is the least deterministic?
Psychoanalytic
Behaviorist
Humanistic
Biological
65
Juan hears voices that tell him to kill people. Juan is experiencing...
Compulsions
Obsessions
Hallucinations
Delusions
66
Which of the following are reasons why intrinsic motivation might be better than extrinsic?
Intrinsic is higher on Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Intrinsic is easier and more convenient to provide.
Intrinsic is more effective with a wider range of people.
Intrinsic might be more enduring.
67
Which of the following two sleep disorders occur most commonly?
Sleep Apnea and Insomnia
Insomnia and Narcolepsy
Sleep Apnea and Narcolepsy
Night terrors and Sleep Apnea
68
You tense up after hearing scary music during a horror film. In this case, the music is a(n)...
CS
CR
UR
US
69
To establish behaviorism as a paradigm of psychology, John Watson relied on the work of...?
Ivan Pavlov
Sigmund Freud
B.F. Skinner
Wilhelm Wundt
70
p value is given with which of the following research methods?
Experimental Method
Correlational Method
All of the above!
Survey method
71
Psychologists who draw from several different theoretical perspectives are known as...?
Flexible
Open-minded
Eclectic
Mixed
72
Some researchers consider developmental psychology an applied research topic because...
It is more easily applied to people's lives than research.
Original research in this area is difficult.
Researchers apply findings from other areas of psychology.
Pure research is difficult to gain support for.
73
If a test is reliable, it means that...
It is also valid.
It yields consistent results.
It tests what it is supposed to test.
It is given in the same way every time.
74
Which level of consciousness controls involuntary body processes?
Autonomic level
Unconscious level
Nonconscious level
Subconscious level
75
According to research, the most advantageous parenting style for children's development is...
Authoritarian, because children learn boundaries quickly.
Authoritative, because children have justifiable boundaries.
Permissive, because children need to explore.
Securely attached, because parents will meet all needs.
76
Schizophrenia is most likely to be treated with...?
Valium
Prozac
Lithium
Haldol
77
Schachter's theory states what about the relationship between emotion & physiological reaction?
Physiological reactions and emotions occur simultaneously.
Physiological reactions are caused simply by emotions.
A combination of reactions & interpretation causes emotions.
Emotions are caused simply by physiological reactions.
78
Which of the following psychologists might have described himself as a humanist?
John Watson
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
Abraham Maslow
79
Which kind of therapist is most likely to analyze a client's dreams?
Behaviorist
Cognitive
Humanistic
Psychoanalytic
