Chapter 12 vocabulary

A location where pollution and other human activities have led to the degradation, or even death, of an ecosystem.

A body of mountain ranges formed by fault-line activity.

An extremely heavy- metal element essential in high-tech industry.

Relationship between two places in which one produces something the other needs, resulting in an exchange.

An independently governed community consisting of a city and the surrounding lands, notably present in Ancient Greece.

Rebirth; the period in European civilization characterized by a surge of interest in classical learning and values.