AP PSYCH HAWKS SEM 1 FINAL REVIEW

Modern perspective of psych-Focus on learning theories-Almost all behavior is learned

NT linked to mood. Too little associated with depression.

Language is learned w/our biological LAD..Language Acquisition Device triggered by nature

Emotionally charged memories formed w/help of stress hormones like cortisol

Regulates our METABLOLISM...rate at which we burn energy/burn calories

Serial position effect suggests we have tendency to recall the first items in the list 2nd best

Seligman's dogs-harnessed & shocked didn't try to escape later when unharnessed-Had developed

If this speech area is damaged, we would not be able to read aloud.

Getting info into our memory

Tad will only read when points are awarded in school. Tad's reading is ___

All nerves outside the brain & spinal cord

The intensity w/which a neuron fires is always the same. This is called the

Burying painful memories in unconscious

JJ's power is out-he moved around w/out a prob-His demo of knowledge of his environment =

Shocked harnessed dogs-Learned Helplessness

Comprised of the brain and spinal cord

Hormone produced in stomach that triggers hunger

Destruction of tissue by either disease, injury or surgery

Taste Aversion study proved animals can learn associations when response is long after stimulus

Drawing pictures of vocabulary terms is an example of using ____ to remember info

Attempt to remember info by simply repeating/reading it over & over w/out attaching meaning

Cerebral Cortex lobe where major hearing centers are housed

Reflex arc involves

MJ-at times eats huge amounts of food-After he doesn't vomit/exercise but does fill great guilt

Part of LIMBIC SYS-Struc assoc w/FEAR & AGGRESSION-highly active during FLASHBULB MEMORIES

Sits atop brain stem-All sensory info but smell passes through on way to right part of brain

Part of neuron that acts as receptor for neurotransmitter chemicals

After repeated exposure to a stimulus, our response will diminish or disappear. This is called

Capacity of SHORT-TERM MEMORY

Refusing to recognize something that causes discomfort/pain by ignoring clear evidence

Best example of a category/concept

Projective tests that asks you to describe what you see in 10 ambiguous inkblots

Believed we have a shared COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS in all humans that contains images/archetypes

Div of AUTONOMIC nerv sys-calms body & returns heart & breath to normal after fight-or-flight

Give a reason for behavior that is NOT the actual reason

Modern Pys Perspective-Focus on thinking, prob solving, decisions, creativity, language, memory

The CENSORED content-obvious storyline of a dream Freud called the

First trait theorist of personality

Per when a neuron can't fire again until the entire neuron is back at resting potential

Capacity of long-term-memory

Our brain's ability to have areas of the brain take over for damaged areas in some cases

Neurons that carry sensory info from body & organs to the Central nervous system

Referred to as SLOW-WAVE SLEEP b/c of the characteristic long delta waves

Known as the MASTER GLAND b/c it triggers action in all other glands-secretes growth hormone

Sense of floating/falling that occurs in Stage 1 Sleep...perhaps some images

Area of brain that allows us to comprehend/understand spoken speech

At one pt Aron Ralston is so thirsty he drinks his own urine-Behavior is best explained by

Freud-In Phallic Stage of dev boys have romantic feelings for mom & resent dad - called

Long fiber that carries the neural impulse AWAY from the cell body

Cy loved poetry-He took poetry class & was graded for reading it-now seems less enjoyable-Illus

Considered the EMOTIONAL CENTER of the brain

VOL behavior followed by CONSEQUENCE-will may increase or decrease chance it will occur again

Structure in Brainstem-triggers REM Sleep

Neurons found only in the brain & spinal cord also known as connector or association neurons

Watson's Little Albert study showed that ____ can be conditioned

Smallest unit of language WITH MEANING example "ed" - past tense

Incorporating false/misleading info that causes someone to recall a false or inaccurate memory

Associated w/SOCIAL-COGNITIVE theories-Bobo Doll Study of Aggression & Reciprocal Determinism

Liam took away his son's car keys because he came home 2 hours late.

Believe your actions can impact your life-You do have some control over your success & failures

Div of AUTONOMIC nervous system-triggers fight-or-flight increase in heart & breathing,etc.

Major INHIBITORY neurotransmitter-Too little may cause anxiety

Contemporary psych perspective-Focus is on role of unconscious impulses, memories, desires

Anything that strengthens/increases the chance a behavior occurs again

Father of Behaviorism-"Give me 12 infants & I can make them thieves or doctors-Little Albert St

Smallest unit of language w/ NO MEANING

Person wakes before body's sense of temp inability to move wears off creating scary experiences

Our body's quick/fast messaging system

Processed by hippocampus-general knowledge, facts, vocab, lyrics, personal experiences, etc.

I used a mnemonic device that used visual & acoustic encoding..1 is a bun, etc called

Neurons that carry messages from the brain to the body & organs

Condition that might prompt doctors to severe a person's corpus callosum

Major EXCITATORY NT - too much may cause seizures, migraines, etc

TJ took each term for psy-put in his own words as well as wrote an ex of how he uses each-Using

Humanist - Hierarchy of Needs-Goal to become self-actualized

Anything that DECREASES/WEAKENS the chance a behavior occurs again

Pavlov's dogs and the Little Albert studies are both example of

Freud's Dream theory-dreams rep our hidden desires, impulses, repressed memories

Studies split-brain patients to better understand special functions of each brain hemisphere

Projective test-asks you to tell story about picture hoping unconscious issues show up in story

When we are small & understand simple requests but cannot yet form words

The main principle on which observational learning relies is

When a classically cond response fades/goes away

Our words in our language can shape our thinking according to Whorf-He called this

BMR - Basal Metabolic Rate refers to

JJ ran into the street-dad gave him a spanking to decrease the chance he would do this again.

Gaps between segments of myelin sheath-this is where the action potential occurs

Freud said if we don't resolve the conflict in any of the 1st 3 stages of dev we may develop a

Food and drinks would be considered

In a full-continuous night's sleep this stage will never repeat

IMAGES you can hold in your sensory memory for few tenths of second unless you pay attention

Aron Ralston still goes mountain climbing. This behavior is best explained by

Netlike struc runs through Brain Stem-regulates our level of alertness-damage could cause coma

LJ was ure he knew all in AP Psy-didn't make cheat sheet for final & failed-Ex of neg impact of

Records electrical act across surface of brain-used to diagnose seizure disorders & study sleep

Any drug that MIMICS/ACTS LIKE a neurotranmitter

Part of hypothalamus that SUPPRESSES HUNGER

Math/statistical method used to identify clusters of behavior that form TRAITS

American Civil War Nurse-Fought for better treatment for mental patients

Rules for a language

Studies False Memories & Misinformation Effect

Processed by CEREBELLUM-motor tasks learned by repetition -riding bike-play inst-dance routine

Designed the BIG FIVE personality test

Part of LIMBIC SYS-This struc regulates hunger, thirst, body temp, & sex drive

RJ gives his kids $10 for every "A"-RJ is using __ to increase the chance his kids work for A's

Where an item appears in a list impacts how well it will be remembered-Known as the

DJ threw his phone as he walked in angry. Remembered where only when angry again-Illustrates

Body's natural pain killer-Released triggered by rigorous exercise

Emphasized import of social interactions on personality...Inferiority Complex

Based on Darwin's Theories-Focuses on how certain behaviors & emotions have helped our survival

Multiple Choice questions ask us to use

Sounds can be held in our sensory register for a few seconds only unless we pay attention

Father of Psychoanalysis-Theory of Psychosexual Development-Personality =id, ego, superego

Identified the area of the brain that allows us to form our words when we speak

1st female complete PhD in Psy requirements at Harvard, BUT denied Harvard Diploma

Located in left frontal lobe next to motor cortex, allows us to FORM words when we speak

When cell body is filled w/enough excitatory neurotransmitter to trigger it to fire-has reached

His principles are the basis of Evolutionary Psychology

Mental health prof trained to diagnose & treat mental health disorders...NO MEDICAL LICENSE

Sleep disorder that occurs when person wakes several times a night b/c they stop breathing

As action potential reaches each segment of the axon-gates open & the neuron becomes

Can usually recall things like what you had for dinner yesterday, even w/out rehearsal b/c of

Cerebral Cortex Lobe that houses our major visual processing centers

Point where action potential exits the cell body to travel down the axon

Mental Health Prof-Trained to diagnose & treat mental health disorders-HAS A MEDICAL LICENSE

Part of personality that seeks to fill basic needs/instincts-Pleasure Principle

Whenever Sam gets nervous, she starts sucking her thumb to calm herself

Theory that dreams happen when REM activates random neural firings

Using sounds-i.e. silly rhymes, songs, sentences, etc to remember info illustrates

Father of modern psych 1st lab to study human behavior scientifically in Leipzig, Germany 1879

The hidden, symbolic meaning of a dream Freud referred to as the

Pt at the end of the axon fiber where neurotransmitters are released from into the synaptic gap

Contemporary Perspective-focuses on how ethnicity, religion, etc. affect behavior

Can't recall events prior to injury/accident

Memory processing that requires our conscious attention...requires REHEARSAL

Brain stem structure that regulates breathing and heart beat

Theory that dreams occur as the hippocampus transfers short-term memories to long-term memories

Tend to as time passes remember the positives about a person/situation and forget the negative

Identified the area of the brain which we use to comprehend spoken speech.

Sleep type when traditional dreams occur

Sleepwalking/Somnambulism usually occurs during

According to Freud-personality struct mediates/plays referee between other 2-REALITY PRINCIPLE

Buffy reads ALL the time-Her parents never have to force her to read time. Buffy's reading is

Bundle of nerves that sits between our 2 brain hemispheres & allows them to communicate

Disorder characterized by irrational fear of becoming obese that leads person to starve

Type of learning that is based on SHAPING VOLUNTARY behavior w/rewards or punishments

Part of hypthalamus that triggers hunger

Each time we process info we strengthen the neural connection & change our neurons - called

Bandura-personality = relationship between behaviors, situations & internal factors-Called

JJ socializes little w/ friends-He is working hard to get into medical school-Best explained by

Identified the principles of CLASSICAL CONDITIONING through his dog studies

Division of Peripheral NS that controls voluntary skeletal muscles movement

20 years later, you suddenly experience a response you thought was extinct-this is called

Historical persp of psych-Focus is on how behaviors help us adapt to environment-their purpose

Oldest part of brain/first to evolve

Brain struc that links brain w/endocrine sys-Triggers action in pituitary gland (Master Gland)

Gap between the axon terminal buttons of one neuron & the awaiting dendrites of the next neuron

Personality inventory used mostly by career counselors & to form workplace teams-16 types

Part of LIMBIC SYSTEM-Structure processes EXPLICIT/EPISODIC memories

Mom saw news story about child abducted on way to bus-Refused to let child ride bus-decision

Rogers said to reach our goal of Fully Functioning Adult w/actual self close to ideal self we

Mistakenly feel that everyone is watching & judging your every move

Mental health professional trained to help people with day-to-day issues

Motor cortex is located at back of which cerebral cortex lobe

ROY G BIV-PEMDAS-FOIL -ways we take info & put in a smaller, manageable form to remember-called

Identified the capacity of our SHORT-TERM MEMORY with his MAGIC RULE + OR - 2

NT triggers our reward pathways-too little Parkinson's-too much schizophrenia

Used by those in psychoanalytical pers to uncover unconscious issues/conflicts

Fatty white substance that wraps around & insulates & protects the axon fiber

JT selected tallest guy in class for his team not knowing if he can play or not-decision based

Time consuming step-by-step problem solving method-guarantees solution-computers use

Taking our frustration/anger on the wrong someone/something other than the cause

Can't make new memories after an accident/injury

Field of psych that employs Psych Principles in businesses or govt. agencies

Field in Psych that seeks to design & construct tools & methods to assess behaviors

When recalling something, you accidentally credit the wrong person/place for the info

Identified principles of Operant Cond. Uses "shapinig" w/rewards to teach behaviors.

Uses substance w/radioactive glucose to indicate level of activity in organs

Can only see the original purpose for something-obstacle to problem solving

Our body's SLOW messaging system that consists of glands and hormones

Compartments inside the axon terminals that hold the neurotransmitter chemicals

Rules of thumb/common solutions used to make quick decisions

Element of personality according to Freud that rep our CONSCIENCE-sense of right and wrong

Fred hates his seat belt, but he wears everyday to avoid the annoying buzzing sound by the car.

His LAW OF EFFECT stated that rewarded behaviors tend to be repeated

Body is asleep,but our brainwaves much like those when we are awake-So REM sleep is also called

Feel you have NO control over what happens & attribute success to luck-no resp for failures

Regulates blood glucose w/insulin production

We become conditioned to respond to which type of stimulus most quickly

Regulates blood calcium levels

Getting info back out of memory for our use

OLD info blocks memory of NEW

Choosing wording carefully to lead people to certain decision/opinion

When we try to activate certain associations unconsciously eg Will Smith movie "55"

Proved animals experience INSIGHT LEARNING "AHA MOMENT" -Chimp Study

TJ will eat huge amounts of food & then force himself to vomit & then go exercise. Disorder

Rewarding small behaviors until you get final behavior you want is an Operant Cond Tech called

NT associated w/memory & learning.

New info blocks memory of old info

Bandura's Bobo Doll study focused on:

Theory of motivation no longer deemed valid-criticized for just naming behaviors

Maslow's Hierarchy of needs in order

Formation of new neurons

Your dog runs to door when bell really rings/stays put if 1 rings on TV-Illustrates

BIG FIVE personality traits

Cond to fear the white lab rat-Little Albert came to fear all white, furry creatures-illus of

In 97% of the population, the major areas linked to speech/language are located in the

Ebbinghaus noted what about how forgetting occurs

You belief in your ability & skills to accomplish something

Pioneer of split-brain surgery

Latent Learning/Cog Maps-rats wandered maze-later offered reward & ran as fast as those trained

Twisted up inside the fatty white substance that covers the axon..They MAKE the fatty white sub

Aron is so thirsty-dreams of going to a drinking as well as Gatorade he left in his truck-Ex of

Essay and Fill-in-blank questions tend to be harder because you have no retrieval cues-Must use

Somatosensory/Sensory Cortex is located at FRONT of which cerebral cortex lobe

Trait personality test that identifies ABNORMAL TRAITS

Most popular personality test used by trait theorists especially

When person accepts info that supports their position & ignores all info that does not

To resolve our Oedipus/electra complex- Freud said we go through a process of

Cerebral Cortex Lobe where decision making, judgment & impulse control occur

When a neuron is in RESTING POTENTIAL state it is

Father of American Psych. Gave 1st Psych lecture at Harvard. Wrote 1st psych textbook

Considered the accidental neuroscience pioneer after his accident working on railroad-1800's

They occur during Stage 3/4 Sleep, but are NOT nightmares

JJ's power went off-he was able to move around his room easily even in dark-JJ overtime had

Contemporary perspective-Focus is on how PHYSIOLOGICAL factors influence behavior

This type of sleep continually increases over the course of the night

Famous amnesiac that allowed researchers to identify 2 types of long-term memory

Studies/uses psych principles to be understand criminals

JT studies Spanish Voc each day for 15 minutes for a week & aced his test-JT experienced the

When sad, we tend to recall memories in a negative way-When happy recall in positive way

During REM, our body's enter a state of

Focuses on better understanding things like how stress can impact well being & strat to cope

Name for learning that is the result of a sudden realization of a solution

After action potential passes through each segment, the segment is ____

Historical perspective of psych-Focuses on identifying PARTS of conscious & unconscious mind

The BEST type of processing to retain info involves attaching meaning to the info-called

Any drug that BLOCKS a neurotransmitter

Low level/shallow processing-focus on individual parts of something-i.e whether word has an "e"

Sleep disorder characterized by sudden onset of extreme fatigue/sleep

Studies his own memory & forgetting w/nonsense syllables-Retention & Forgetting Curves

In the serial position effect -Tendency to remember the last items in a list best

Lobe of Cerebral Cortex where facial recognition memory resides

Mom hates child-Showers them w/attention and gifts-Def Mech

grades, trophies, ribbons, money are considered

1st woman to complete PhD in Psy requirements & be given her diploma at Harvard

Triggers melatonin production when activated by darkness

Uses magnetic field to create 3-D image of soft tissue areas of body, organs

Studies the process of HYPNOSIS

Uses traditional x-ray tech Creates 3-D image of hard structures in body-find fractures/tumors

Stage of Productive language in which we start using two-word speech-mostly nouns & verbs

Excitatory NT linked to mood...involved in fight-or-flight/stress reponse

Several images created by mag field taken few seconds apart-shows func/active areas of brain

Atkinson-Shiffrin 3 Box Memory Model in order

Part of grammar that refers to the rules for arranging words in a sentence so they make sense

Humans experience several ___ sleep cycles each night.

Type of learning that occurs when UCS is assoc w/a NS & triggers reflex response-eg salivation