stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
SOL ES REVIEW Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
SOL ES REVIEW
SOL ES REVIEW
60 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
41 plays
Review Earth Science. #apenvironmentalscience #apes #earthsystems #scholars #academy #mrcarter
Flashcards
60 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
60
Answers
1
All of the following can cause tsunamis except:
When certain types of faults in ocean floor move up or down
A landslide caused by an earthquake
All of these can cause tsunamis.
When the ocean floor suddenly rises or drops
2
Several volcanoes have erupted in Fremont since 2010. What is a plausible prediction?
A volcanic winter.
A volcanic summer.
A decrease in the amount of sulfur in the air.
A decrease in the amount of air pollution.
3
Which of the following describe the characteristics of a shield volcano?
Very small; less than 300m high
Gentle lower slopes, but steep upper slopes; explosive
Steep conical hill with straight sides; explosive
Very gentle slopes; convex upward; quiet; fluid lava flows
4
All of the following describe internal geologic processes except:
Processes driven directly or indirectly by solar energy.
Processes that build up the earth's surface
Processes that may form mountains and volcanoes.
Processes generated by heat from the earth's interior
5
What is the lithosphere?
It includes only the continental and oceanic crusts.
It is the outermost and thinnest zone of the earth.
The combination of both the crust and the outer mantle.
It consists only of the layer above the asthenosphere.
6
List examples of the following, in order: sedimentary rock, metamorphic rock, igneous rock.
Lava rock; marble; lignite
Bituminous coal; marble; granite
Granite; slate; dolomite
Dolomite; granite; marble
7
What is the focus of an earthquake?
Located directly above epicenter
Located above the surface.
Place where an earthquake begins, below surface.
Located where an earthquake ends.
8
All of the following are characteristics of a mineral except:
It is an element or inorganic ompound
Contains large enough concentration of particular mineral
Occurs naturally in the earth's crust as crystalline solid
May have a regularly repeating internal atomic arrangement
9
What is the atmosphere?
A thin blanket of gases surround earth, divided into layers.
Blanket of gases that increases in pressure with altitude.
A thick blanket of gases consisting of spherical layers.
A blanket of gases with a homogeneous density of molecules.
10
Why does climate vary in different parts of the earth?
Global air circulation patterns distribution
Uneven heating of the earth's surface by the sun.
Ocean currents distribute heat and precipitation unevenly.
All of the options are correct reasons.
11
All of the following are characteristics of an S wave except:
it shears rock sideways at right angles
Not very damaging to structures.
They are a slower type of secondary wave
It cannot propagate in the liquid parts of the earth
12
What is an earthquake?
Shaking of ground caused by fracturing/displacement of rock
When energy suddenly forms and causes underground vibrations
Shaking caused by fracturing of divergent plate boundary
Shaking caused by formation of convergent plates
13
What is seafloor spreading?
Formation of new ocean crust as result of magma pushing up.
Movement & spreading of ocean crust above continental crust.
14
Created by forces pushing in from the sides. – ex. Appalachian Mountains of Virginia.
Upwarped Mts
Fault-block Mts
Folded Mts
Volcanic Mts
15
Which of the following is NOT a correct statement regarding water on the earth?
Freshwater systems cover over 2.2% of the earth's surface.
Salty oceans contain 97% of the earth's water.
Interconnected oceans cover 90% of earth's ocean hemisphere
Salty oceans cover 71% of the earth's surface.
16
Where do active volcanoes occur?
Where magma reaches the earth's surface through a vent/crack
Where lava reaches the earth's surface through a vent/crack.
Only in hotspots, such as Hawaii.
Never along plate boundaries.
17
Briefly describe the process of subduction.
Continental crust rides over and pushes down oceanic plate.
Rise of colliding oceanic and continental plates.
Oceanic plates move apart, creating ocean ridges.
Oceanic plate rides over the continental plate.
18
All of the following describe a
source zone
except:
Most of the plants are algae and mosses attached to rocks.
Populated by warm-water fish needing dissolved oxygen.
Water tumbles downward over obstacles, dissolving O2
Where headwaters are usually shallow, cold, clear, and swift
19
All of the following describe air circulation cells except:
They are caused by the Coriolis effect.
Global air circulation patterns caused by uneven heating.
They include, from equator to poles: Hadley, Ferrel, Polar.
They are also known as ENSO.
20
What are tectonic plates?
Areas of the lithosphere that move slowly around the mantle.
A zone of hot, melted rock that flows like plastic.
The outermost and thinnest zone of the earth.
The flows of energy and heated material in convection cells.
21
Please list the layers of the atmosphere in order (starting from layer nearest to surface).
Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere
Stratosphere, Troposphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere
Thermosphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Troposphere
Troposp., Stratosp., Mesosphere, Thermosp., Exosphere
22
Name of the variable that we measure, or that is changed by the experiment.
Independent
Dependent
control
23
Which indirect effect directly impacts seasons?
The earth's rotation and its tilt of 23.5 degrees.
The rotation of the earth around the sun.
The angle of the moon.
Differences in solar intensity and day length.
24
What is high-grade ore?
It contains a large concentration of the desired mineral.
It contains a small concentration of the desired mineral.
It is not as profitable as low-grade ore.
Identified resources from which we can extract minerals
25
What is a rock?
A solid combination of one or more minerals found in crust.
It is made only of sediments.
Contains large enough concentrations of a profitable mineral
A concentration of naturally occurring material from crust.
26
What is the Coriolis effect? (Choose all that may apply).
The apparent curvature of global winds and ocean currents.
The effect is strongest at the poles, nonexistent at equator
It is the weakest at the poles, strongest at equator.
Occurs due to the rotation of the Earth on its axis.
27
Which of the following correctly lists, by (%), the present-day composition of the atmosphere?
Nitrogen, oxygen, CO2, argon, water vapor, trace gases
CO2, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, water vapor, trace gases.
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, CO2, Water vapor, trace gases
Oxygen, nitrogen, argon, CO2, water vapor, trace gases
28
What type of boundary forms when oceanic plates slide & grind past one another along fractures?
A trench boundary
Oceanic ridges
A subduction zone
A transform fault
29
What are estuaries, like the Chesapeake Bay?
When rivers meet the sea, mixing water as well as nutrients
Unproductive ecosystems with low nutrient levels.
Harsh coastal ecosystems with only occasional water changes
Coastal land areas covered with water all/part of the year.
30
What is natural recharge?
Natural process of restoring nitrates into soil.
Natural replenishment of an aquifer by precipitation.
Natural restoration of valuable resources such as trees.
Natural replenishment of a watershed in a sensitive area.
31
What are the most widely used nonmetallic minerals?
Sand and limestone.
Phosphate salts and gravel.
Sand and limestone gravel.
Sand and phosphate salts.
32
All of the following are characteristic of floodplain zones except:
Water is never muddy, and contains low amounts of silt.
Streams join into wider, deeper rivers
Fairly large populations are usually supported.
Water has higher temperatures and less dissolved oxygen
33
What is a watershed?
The saturation of soil with water, flooding the water table.
Upper surface of the zone of saturation.
Land area that delivers water & sediment to a major stream.
Rough measure of volume of water we use to support ourselves
34
Which of the following describe the characteristics of a cinder cone volcano?
Gentle lower slopes, but steep upper slopes; concave upward
Very gentle slopes; convex upward.
Steep conical hill with straight sides.
Very large, approx. 1-10km in diameter.
35
Which of the following is NOT a true statement regarding earth's water composition?
Ground ice & permafrost hold only 30% of surface freshwater
Glaciers and ice caps make up 68.7% of the freshwater.
Groundwater makes up 30.1% of earth's freshwater.
The atmosphere contains 3% of the surface freshwater.
36
What are inland wetlands?
They are always seasonal wetlands.
Lands near coastal areas covered in salty water.
Lands away from the coast covered in water for a short time
Lands located away from coastal areas covered in freshwater.
37
All of the following are characteristics of P waves except:
It moves like sound waves (spreads out, compresses, dilutes)
They can travel through both solid rock and liquid material.
They are fastest type of wave
It shears rock sideways at right angles
38
Which of the following regarding tectonic plates is true?
Continental plates usually ride below oceanic plates.
Tectonic plates' boundaries are not active at the surface.
Much geologic activity at the surface occurs at boundaries
They do not cause/form mountains, volcanoes, or earthquakes.
39
The roots of most plants and the majority of a soil's organic matter are concentrated in:
The O horizon and A horizon
The O horizon only.
The A horizon and B horizon
The A horizon and E horizon
40
What is the major benefit of having a healthy ozone layer?
It prevents UV-C from reaching earth's surface.
It prevents most UV-B from reaching earth's surface.
It blocks all harmful waves of radiation.
It prevents both UV-B and UV-C from reaching earth.
41
What is the Tectonic Cycle?
Sum of methods that build up & break down the asthenosphere
Sum of processes that build up & break down the lithosphere
42
The largest circulation of water on earth is a direct result of changes in:
Temperature
Wind patterns and salinity.
Temperature and salinity.
Temperature and wind patterns.
43
What is weathering?
Internal processes that build up the earth's surface.
The climactic changes in weather.
The different processes that break down rocks into soil.
When acid deposition quickly breaks down monuments.
44
All of the following are characteristics of the stratosphere except:
Its concentration of ozone is extremely low.
It contains less matter than the troposphere
Extends about 17 to 48 km above earth's surface.
It volume of water vapor is 1/1000 that of the troposphere.
45
Please list the different concentric zones of the earth, starting from the inner-most layer.
Crust, asthenosphere, mantle, core
Core, mantle, asthenosphere, crust
Asthenosphere, crust, mantle, core
Core, asthenosphere, mantle, crust
46
What is sedimentary rock?
Examples include sandstone, shale, slate, and marble.
Made of dead plant and animal remains and weathered rocks.
Forms below or on earth's surface when lava cools.
Forms when rock undergoes high temperatures or pressures.
47
Which of the following describe the Ring of Fire?
All of preceding options are correct.
Located at edges of Pacific Ocean, at plate boundaries.
It is where about 90% of all earthquakes occur.
String of volcanoes and seismic activity sites
48
Which of the following is NOT true regarding nutrient cycling in tropical rain forests?
The nutrients sit within the bedrock.
Decomposers decay matter quickly
49
Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with widespread use of desalination?
Huge amounts of salty wastewater produced.
High cost due to expensive energy needed for removing salt.
Need for large pipes and chemicals, which kills marine life
All of these options are problems regarding desalination.
50
A soil with 30% clay, 50% sand, and 20% silt is called:
Sandy Clay
Sandy Clay Loam
Loamy Sand
Sandy Loam
51
All of the following are benefits of volcanic eruptions except:
The weathering of lava contributes to fertile soil.
They form lakes (e.g. Crater Lake)
They reduce the loss of human life.
They form majestic mountains
52
About 75-80% of the earth's air mass is found in the
Stratosphere
Troposphere
Exosphere
Thermosphere
53
All of the following are characteristics of a stratovolcano, or composite except:
Very quiet; volcanic materials consist of cinders only.
large, approx. 1-10 km in diameter
Explosive; numerous layers of lava
Gentle lower slopes, but steep upper slopes; concave upward
54
Which of the following is not an effect of El Nino?
Flooding in Bolivia, Ecuador, Northern Peru, and Cuba.
Hurricanes in Hawaii, Brazil, and Ecuador.
Droughts in southern Africa, India, Sri Lanka, and Australia
Hurricanes in Tahiti and Hawaii.
55
Describe the process that forms oceanic ridges.
When oceanic plates move apart, magma flows through cracks.
When continental plates move apart, causing magma to rise.
When plates slide and grind past one another.
When two oceanic plates collide.
56
Characterize the following by plate boundary: Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Himalayas, San Andreas fault
Transform; convergent; divergent
Convergent; divergent; transform
Divergent; convergent; transform
Divergent; transform; convergent
57
What is salinity?
The measure of dissolved salt in water in general.
The measure of dissolved salt in oceanic water.
The measure of salinity and its impact on turbidity.
The measure of turbidity and salt averaged together.
58
Two examples of igneous rock include:
Marble and slate
Sandstone and shale
Limestone and lignite
Lava rock and granite
59
What is foliation?
Scratchability, or hardness, of
The ratio of mass of substance to mass of volume of water
The texture of metamorphic rocks due to alignment & pressure
Ability of a mineral to break, when struck, along directions
60
Which of the following does NOT describe the process of upwelling?
Movement of nutrient-rich bottom water to ocean's surface.
During El Nino, it is reduced along the Peruvian coast.
Usually takes place along certain steep coastal areas.
Occurs when cold water is pushed away & warm water rises.
