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AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
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1
which is an example of an implicit memory
recognizing a celebrity
describing the taste of a birthday cake
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
2
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Broca's area
hippocampus
Gage's area
Wernicke's area
3
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
effective psychological environment
hemispheric lateralization
4
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
semantic memory
procedural memory
eidetic memory
episodic memory
5
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
panic disorder
dissociative identity disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
bipolar disorder
6
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
7
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a mean that is the same as the median
a probability of chance less than 5%
a correlation coefficient close to .75
8
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
humanistic
cognitive
psychodynamic
evolutionary
9
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
extrinsic motivation
intrinsic motivation
primary drives
need for achievement
10
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
95
84
50
68
11
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
hypothalamus
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
pons
12
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
psychometrics
health psychology
social psychology
positive psychology
13
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
inappropriate or flat affect
substance abuse and dependence
disconnection from reality and delusions
14
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
responding to deindividuation among group members
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
increasing group polarization within different groups
15
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
false consensus effect
Barnum effect
just world bias
self-serving bias
16
the somatic nervous system is part of the
sympathetic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
central nervous system
17
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cones
optic nerve
rods
cornea
18
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
movement and electrical shocks
nausea and food or drink
performing a task and receiving food
punishment and aversion
19
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
double blind study
counterbalancing
Hawthorne effect
single blind study
20
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
cognitive
psychoanalytic
trait
humanistic
21
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
22
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
EEG
PET
rTMS
MRI
23
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
dopamine
acetylcholine
adrenaline
serotonin
24
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
25
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
26
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
hippocampus
corpus callosum
prefrontal cortex
medulla oblongata
27
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
sight
touch
balance
hearing
28
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
observational learning
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
29
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
phallic stage
anal stage
latency period
oral stage
30
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
theory Y
postconventional
James-Lange
approach-avoidance
31
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
naturalistic observation
experiment
case study
correlation study
32
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
33
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
secure attachment with parents
myelination of brain neurons
early gross motor practice
concrete operational exercises
34
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
convergence
closure
linear perspective
retinal disparity
35
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
hearing
smell
sight
touch
36
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
morpheme
phoneme
holobase
grapheme
37
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
sensory memory
short-term memory
long-term memory
procedural memory
38
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
specific changes in the brain
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
39
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
antisocial personality disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
40
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
gender schema theory
principle of continuity
linguistic relativity hypothesis
the social role hypothesis
41
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
superordinate goals
diffusion of responsibility
deindividuation
group polarization
42
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
solving a logic problem
speaking aloud
moving her left hand
understanding what was said to her
43
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-avoidance
approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
44
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
lack of debriefing
lack of informed consent
violation of confidentiality
risk of psychological harm
45
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
behavioral
dispositional
social
situational
46
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
assignment to conditions
random sampling
random assignment
representative assignment
47
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
phonemes and morphemes
linguistic relativity hypothesis
serial position effect
language acquisition device
48
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
eat a meal
make new friends
go for a run
pursue a romantic interest
49
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
personality
schizophrenic
dissociative
anixety
50
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
aptitude measures
construct validity
test-retest reliability
standardization
51
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
trait theory
biological theory
social cognitive theroy
psychodynamic theory
52
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
reciprocity norm
out-group homogeneity
53
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
lithium
benzodiazepines
SSRIs
L-Dopa
54
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
retroactive memory
episodic memory
recall
55
light enters the eye through an opening in the
retina
fovea
blind spot
iris
56
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
manifest content and latent content
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
conscious level and non conscious level
role theory and dissociation theory
57
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
major depressive disorder
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
58
the limbic system plays an important role in
planning for the future
processing sensory information
regulating emotion
maintaining balance
59
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
fovea
optic chiasm
feature detectors
optic nerve
60
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
mean
range
standard deviation
median
61
Which is most closely associated with creativity
hypothesis testing
contextual intelligence
functional fixedness
divergent thinking
62
which structure is part of the inner ear
tympanic membrane
basilar membrane
malleus (hammer)
auditory canal
63
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
unconditioned response
stimulus generalization
64
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
environmental factors that influence intelligence
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
nonessential subjects like art and music
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
65
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
pens, pencils, and a computer
four legs and a seat
a desk and/or table
66
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
reaction formation
projection
sublimation
displacement
67
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
crystallized intelligence
aptitude intelligence
multiple intelligences
fluid intelligence
68
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
personality psychologist
69
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
object permanence
attachment
universal ethical principles
conservation
70
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
external
internal
fundamental
situational
71
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
transduction theory
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
gate-control theory
72
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
say a sentence
write with a pencil
cut with a knife
clap their hands
73
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
74
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his research wasn't representative of the population
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
75
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
parenting style
hormones released in the womb
masculine/feminine personality traits
traumatic childhood experiences
76
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
discrimination
habituation
accommodation
assimilation
77
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
post-traumatic stress disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
major depressive disorder
78
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
behavioral
cognitive
structuralist
pharmacological
79
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
id, ego, and superego
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
traits, the environment, and behavior
80
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unfulfilled needs
learned associations
neurochemical imbalances
unhealthy attributional styles
81
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
proactive interference
long-term potentiation
semantic encoding
state-dependent memory
82
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
defense mechanisms
factor analysis
unconditional positive regard
secondary central dispositions
83
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
partial
continuous
secondary
primary
84
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
hormones jump from one axon to the next
physical contact between dendrites
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
85
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
assimilation
motor development
parenting style
attachment
86
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the serial position effect
the reconstructive nature of memory
the rate at which people forget information
the role of the hippocampus in memory
87
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebral cortex
sensory cortex
medulla
cerebellum
88
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Albert Bandura
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
William James
89
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
presence of an authority figure
wearing guard uniforms
size of the group
placebo effect
90
In people, rods, unlike cones,
respond more quickly to colors
are unable to detect motion
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are located in the center of the retina
91
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the importance of physical contact to development
that language is a uniquely human skill
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that primates can make and use tools
92
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
positive punishment
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
modeling
93
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
token economy
law of effect
higher-order conditioning
behavior shaping
94
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
schedules; punishers
fixed intervals; variable ratios
learned responses; physiological reactions
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
95
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
a strong superego
an extraverted personality
low self-esteem
high self-efficacy
96
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
insight learning
counterconditioning
observational learning
latent learning
97
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
pitch of the tone
frequency of the wave
transduction of the wave
amplitude of the wave
98
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
sublimation
mirror neurons
modeling
latent learning
99
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
top-down and bottom-up processing
binocular and monocular cues
proximity and similarity
100
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
conscientiousness
extraversion
openness
neuroticism
101
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
social facilitation theory
opponent process theory
Schachter two-factor theory
James-Lange theory
102
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
archetypes
functional fixedness
inferiority complexes
repressed memories
103
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
sleep cycles
circadian rhythm
daily activities
personalities
104
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
social facilitation
groupthink
group polarization
deindividuation
105
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
secondary preventions
talking to a patient
cognitive-behavioral interventions
biomedical interventions
106
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
fetal alcohol syndrome
Down syndrome
mental retardation
autism spectrum disorder
107
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
108
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
proactive interference
relearning effect
leading questions
brain injury
109
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
secondary drives and needs
unconscious conflicts
genetics and nutrition
parenting styles
110
What is the purpose of the DSM
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
111
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
112
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
hypothalamus
medulla
cerebellum
amygdala
113
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
psychoanalytic
evolutionary
behavioral
cognitive
114
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
humanist
social-cognitive
trait
psychoanalyst
115
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Babinski
stepping
rooting
Moro
116
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sound localization
sensory adaptation
detecting absolute threshold
hearing high frequencies
117
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
conformity
social facilitation
social roles
disinhibition
118
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
standard deviation
counterbalancing
descriptive statistics
inferential statistics
119
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
low experiential intelligence
belief perseverance
a mental set
divergent thinking
120
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
121
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
122
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
tolerance
activation-synthesis
dissociation
antagonists
123
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
124
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
fundamental attribution error
self-serving bias
self-fulfilling prophecy
cognitive dissonance
125
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
sleep apnea and night terrors
heightened manifest dream content
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
126
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
achieving physiological homeostasis
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
127
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
scapegoating
superordinate goals
out-group homogeneity
stereotyping
128
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
culture
family
environment
temperament
129
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
test-retest reliability
split-half reliability
predictive validity
content validity
130
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
ignore : adaptation
assimilate : accomodate
reduce : stereotypes
reward : punishment
131
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
well below the average of 200
slightly above average
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
132
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
inattentional blindness
framing effects
confirmation bias
representativeness heuristic
133
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
believe in God
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
be able to take another person's perspective
have been exposed to good, moral role models
134
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
135
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
clinical psychologist
psychiatrist
psychoanalyst
cognitive psychotherapist
136
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
mid 30s
early 20s
late 40s
puberty
137
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
projective
triarchic
standardized
achievement
138
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the overjustification effect
social learning theory
latent learning
the law of effect
139
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
synaptic cleft
neurotransmiters
myelin
terminal button
140
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
at what age can children reason abstractly
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
141
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
psychoanalytic
biological
humanistic
trait
142
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
systematic desensitization
REBT
token economies
client-centered therapy
143
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
beta waves
delta waves
alpha waves
sleep spindles
144
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
achievement test
EQ test
IQ test
aptitude test
145
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
difference threshold
frequency theory
sensory adaptation
absolute threshold
146
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Parkinson's disease
autism
Alzheimer's disease
major depressive disorder
147
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
aversion therapy
systematic desensitization
rational emotive behavior therapy
counterconditioning
148
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
longitudinal study
social-cognitive study
developmental study
cross-sectional study
149
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
James-Lange theory of emotion
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Yerkes-Dodson law
150
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
hindsight bias
overconfidence
self-serving bias
a theory
151
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
152
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
deindividuation
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
mere-exposure effect
central route persuasion
153
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
median
standard deviation
mean
range
154
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
prefrontal lobotomy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
free association
gestalt therapy
155
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
add : decrease
remove : decrease
remove : punish
remove : increase
156
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed ratio
continuous
fixed variable
variable interval
157
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
self-serving bias
individualism
compliance strategies
in-group bias
158
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
normally distributed
outliers
modes
variances
159
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
bottom up processing
absolute threshold
signal detection theory
difference threshold
160
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
161
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the self-serving bias
an external locus of control
unconditional positive regard
the Oedipus complex
162
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
somatic nervous system
serotonin system
endocrine system
sympathetic nervous system
163
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
biological
evolutionary
psychodynamic
humanistic