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Ch. 12-Products, Chemistry, Ingredients, Selection Flashcards | StudBud
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Ch. 12-Products, Chemistry, Ingredients, Selection
Ch. 12-Products, Chemistry, Ingredients, Selection
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1
What are occasionally called “carriers”?
Chemicals
Fractions
Botanicals
Vehicles
2
What prevents hyaluronic acid from penetrating the skin?
Chemical instability
Low water content
High oil content
Large molecular size
3
What products are especially susceptible to developing bacteria, fungus, and mold unless preservatives are added?
Chemically formulated products
Products that contain plant extracts
Water based products
Oil based products
4
What is NOT produced by cosmetic chemists?
Cleansers
Moisturizers
Essential oils
Foundation makeup
5
What does the term “in vitro” mean?
Not yet polymerized
Not yet neutralized
In the laboratory
In a living organism
6
What term refers to the location where performance ingredients take action?
Performance place
Impact zone
Action area
Target site
7
What is the study of how drugs and chemicals affect the body’s function?
Cosmetology
Chemistry
Biology
Pharmacology
8
What is absent from a product that is marked “hypoallergenic “?
Spreadability
Fragrance
Density
Moisture
9
What is esterification?
Penetration of an ester into skin
Discharge of an ester from skin
Process of losing esters
Process of creating an ester
10
What are sometimes referred to as “active principles“?
Functional ingredients
Organic ingredients
Natural ingredients
Performance ingredients
11
What term refers to the science of formulating and producing products used by consumers at home?
Esthetic chemistry
Cosmetic chemistry
Cosmetic production
Esthetic production
12
Broad based term encompassing techniques, materials, instruments that function at scale of 1 millionth of a millimeter?
Atomic science
Biochemistry
Microbiology
Nanotechnology
13
What term refers to ingredients that provide the greatest benefit to skin and give products their treatment value?
Organic ingredients
Natural ingredients
Functional ingredients
Performance ingredients
14
Why do clients tend to want immediate results from professional skin care?
Actually, most understand skin care takes time
Clients only seek help before special events
They tend to seek solutions once problems are already evident
Most clients are suffering from serious skin diseases
15
What is rentinyl palmitate?
Vitamin D derivative
Neutralized acid molecule
Light energy from the sun
Mild retinoid
16
What is NOT an example of a certification-exempt color?
Inorganic pigment
Copper powder
Beta-carotene
Annato extract
17
What vitamin are retinoids derived from?
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
Vitamin B
Vitamin D
18
What is NOT an example of an AHA?
Lactic acid
Salicylic acid
Malic acid
Tartaric acid
19
What must the esthetician have in order to keep up with the new ingredients, products, and new technologies?
General knowledge of what already exists
Extensive lab experience
Extensive scientific training
Broad knowledge of advanced chemistry concepts
20
What is the second obstacle to product penetration?
Epidermal-dermal junction
Epidermis
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
21
What term refers to acid molecules that have not been neutralized?
Mandela acid
Free acid
Lactic acid
Glycolic acid
22
What is the smallest of the alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs)?
Salicylic acid
Free acid
Glycolic acid
Mandela acid
23
What term refers to a specific chemical component of a botanical?
Fraction
Emollient
Emulsifier
Formulator
24
What does therm “in vivo” mean?
Not yet polymerized
In the laboratory
In a living organism
Not yet neutralized
25
What is the second smallest of the AHAs?
Lactic acid
Mandelic acid
Free acid
Glycolic acid
26
What is NOT true of an ideal preservative system?
Compatible with other ingredients
Non irritating
Non sensitizing
Narrow antibacterial spectrum
27
What term refers to a family of plant-based antioxidants, most often found in the leaves of the tea plant?
Catechins
Free acids
Retinoids
Polyphenols
28
What are polyphenols?
Vitamin A derivatives
Plant-based antioxidants
A group of chemicals that act as antioxidants
The smallest of the AHAs
29
What term refers to ingredients derived from an agricultural prod. processed under guidelines of USDA Organic Program?
Agricultural ingredients
Homegrown ingredients
Natural ingredients
Organic ingredients
30
What pH measurement represents a neutral pH?
5.0
3.0
7.0
9.0
31
What term refers to energy from the sun that travels through space in the form of visible light?
Light radiation
Light transmission
Light amplification
Light iridescence
32
What is polymerization?
Penetration of polymer into skin
Process of losing polymers
Process of creating a polymer
Discharge of polymer from skin
33
What is an ingredient’s first barrier to penetration of the skin?
Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum spinosum
34
When were AHAs introduced in skin care cosmetics?
1960s
1980s
2000s
1940s
35
What is the result of a chemical process that brings a formulation’s pH to 7.0?
Polymerization
Esterification
Neutralization
Light radiation
