An updated reference that replaces the use of the word "artifact"

What is the goal of archaeological research?

There is no 1 universal goal. Goals vary by site, person, and theory

Rejecting dualisms as the organizing structure for understnanding

Which of the following is not a part of the ethical principles created by the Society for American Archaeology?

Responsibilty to Indigenous communties

How can non-indigenous archaeologists incorporate a more nuanced and anti-colonial method of research?

Indigenous-centered archaeology

The Clovis People are:

A ficticious group created by archaeologists talking about tool types

Which of the following best describes relationality in archaeologocal research?

Interconnectedness of all things, including humans, artifacts, environment

Which of the following contributes to the development of a theoretical framework?

Epistmology, Axiology, Ontology, Social position

Which of the following best describes Indigenous and Indigenous-centered archaeology?

Scientific method prioritizing NDN perspectives, rejects Grand narratives

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ARCL 103, Final

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Questions 70

Answers

1
A belonging is...
An updated reference that replaces the use of the word "artifact"
An item that can not be owned
A item that can only be owened by an individual
An item that can onoy be owned by a group
2
Critical thinking will benefit you in any coursework or place in life
True
False
3
A durable is something that helps preserve energy?
True
False
4
Max had a picnic this past weekend. When he left there was a used napkin left behind. This is an example of..
None of the above
Defacto discard
Secondary discard
Primary discard
5
The taphonimic process describes the
Physical process that impacts belongings between deposition and excavation
Chemical process that impacts belongings between deposition and excavation
All of the above
Biological process impacting belongings between deposition and excavation
6
Most archaeology is conducted by academics
False
True
7
Which of the following is the philosophical study of value?
Epistemology
All of the above
Axiology
Ontology
8
Respect, Reciprocity, Relationality, Relevance, and Right of refusal are part of:
Marxist Resaerch Design
Processual Research Design
Indigenous Resaerch Paradigm
Feminist Research Design
9
What is the goal of archaeological research?
All of the above
There is no 1 universal goal. Goals vary by site, person, and theory
To address colonial legacies
To create colonial legcies
10
What is pluralism?
Rejecting dualisms as the organizing structure for understnanding
Dualism
Rejecting more than 1 voice
Organizing knowledge into binaries/dualism
11
The future of archaeology relies on the following actionable ojectives:
Increased accesibitly to information and how it was developed
Include diversity of epistemology, ontology, axiology, and social postiions
Increased transparency and accountabilty
All of the above
12
Why can western systems of classification sometimes fail us in archaeological analyis and interpretation of materials ?
Can overlook the importance of cultural practices
Can overlook cultural beliefs
All of the above
Wester objectivity doesn't consider complexities of humans experience
13
What classification does the following description most closely describe? “Food, fire, materials we derive energy from”
Secondary discard
Consumables
Durables
Primary discard
14
Archaeologist can ecavate in arbitrary levels until they recognize anthropomorphic stratigraphy
True
False
15
Archaeology as Nationalism and colonialism is unique to North America.
True
False
16
Emerging and senior scholars pursuing research funding must demonstrate...
Defined methology supporting clear intellectual merit and social impacts
All of the above
A thorough understanding of previous affiliated research
Clear research question and well-defined theoretical framework
17
Which of the following is not a part of the ethical principles created by the Society for American Archaeology?
Public reporting and Publication
Responsibilty to Indigenous communties
Records and preservation
Steawardship
18
Indigenous and Indigenous-centered archaeologies require
de-centering of archaeology
place-based, community specific methods
All of the above
Greater investment of time (relationship building)
19
How can non-indigenous archaeologists incorporate a more nuanced and anti-colonial method of research?
Nothing
Indigenous archaeology
Community archaeology
Indigenous-centered archaeology
20
In the context of a global archaeology, there is a singular Indigenous archaeology.
True
False
21
Which of the following is the philosophical study of being?
Epistemology
Ontology
Social position
Axiology
22
Seidemann’s explored Indiana Jone’s influence on archaeology. How could the survey be improved?
All of the above
Increase sample size
Address bias due to Seidemann's personal influence by Indiana Jones
understand influence beyond interest, to include understanding
23
Archaeolgists rely on ____ type of discard to make cultural interpretations?
Primary
All of the above
Secondary
Defacto
24
Cultual Heritage Management is designed to
Consider archaeology and Indigenous ties to the land
All of the above
Keep projects and infrastructure moving forward
Tries to consider multiple perspectives and relations with land and space
25
Which of the following are included in the R's of Indigenous research paradigms?
Relocation
All of the above
Ramifications
Right of refusal
26
We are currently learning that the reliability of Radiocarbon (¹⁴C) dating can be negatively impacted by...
Environmental factors
All of the above
Organic materials from saline and/or brackishness environments
None of the above
27
The Clovis People are:
A ficticious group created by archaeologists talking about tool types
None of the above
The original inhabinats of North America who no longer exist
A northern BC First Nations Band
28
What are phytoliths, and how do they help archaeologists?
All of the above
silica structures within and between plant cells left over after decay
They can be found in soil, residues, pottery temper, etc...
They are sueful for reconstructing diet, environment, foodscapes
29
"the deeper you go the older it gets" in archaeology is most often complicated by...
both 1 and 2
Earthquake
Architecture: digging foundations, posts, below ground storage, etc
Krotovina: animal burrows that can get filled in
30
What is technological parallelism and why might it occur?
The independant development of similar technology across places and times
Similar tech can development independently to solve problems
Humans, and our ancestors, are creative. We dont need to copy to create
All of the above
31
Which of the following best describes relationality in archaeologocal research?
Examining the relationships between different archaeological artifacts
Study of change in social relationships over time
Interconnectedness of all things, including humans, artifacts, environment
Study of human relationships throughout history
32
What supports the idea believe that society is more advanced now than in the past?
Archaeology has inadvertantly portrayed past peoples as "unevolved"
New technologies affirm a mindset that we are now smarter or more advanced
Unilinear evolution falsley suggests we are always changing for the better
All of the above
33
Field schiences like archaeology have high rates of discrimination, bullying, and abuses of power
False
True
34
Indigenous/Indigenous centered, community-engaged, and decolonizing are all representative of collaborative approaches.
True
False
35
Name one way that western science ‘invisibilizes’ other sciences and epistemologies?
Orthodox archaeologies committment to scientific objectivism
Dismissal of medical approaches outside of western medicine
Relying on contemporary western economics to understand past systems
All of the above
36
How can archaeologists recognize "significant" landscapes?
Listening to communitiers to reflect local values of significance
Archival research
Aerial photography and survey
All of the above
37
A consumable is something that provide you with...
Technological assistance
Sunight
Shelter
Energy
38
Which of these is not an example of Eurocentrism in archaeology?
Piltdown man
The division of archaeological periods (Culture-Histories)
Indigenous-led archaeology
Solutrean hypothesis
39
SSHRC funding can adequately support Indigenous/Indigenous-centered schoalrship
False
True
40
Including Indigenous rights and Sovereignty in archaeological ethics contributes to ongoing reconciliation efforts
False
True
41
Which of the following contributes to the development of a theoretical framework?
Epistemology and Axiology
Epistemology, Axiology, Social Position, Ethics
Epistmology, Axiology, Ontology, Social position
Values, citizenship, education, class
42
All archaeologists who study gender also practice feminist archaeology.
True
False
43
Gender is reflected in every arcaheological discussion, explicity or otherwise.
True
False
44
Lindsey was walking to MOA and dropped her new pen without realizing it. This is an example of
None of the above
Defacto discard
Primary discard
Secondary discard
45
Archaeaologists can, and do, incorporate:
Economics, Forestry, First Nations and Critical Indigenous studies
All of the above!
Art, Theatre, Performance
Chemistry, Biology, Engineering, Math
46
Which of the following best describes Indigenous and Indigenous-centered archaeology?
Scientific method committed to affirming grand narratives.
Non-scientific, prioritizing NDN perspectives, rejects grand narratives
Scientific method prioritizing NDN perspectives, rejects Grand narratives
Non-scientific method committed to affirming grand narratives
47
The geological law of superposition is more complicated in archaeology than geology because...
Archaeology applies it to anthropomorphic (human made_ stratigraphy
Small scale and microstratigraphy are more complicated that geo-formations
The original law relies on large scale geological formation
All of the above
48
Primary discard it the discard of an item(s) in the place they were utilized
True
False
49
The fudning agency for archaeological research impacts reseach design, outcomes, and priorities
True
False
50
Brian Michael Shiffer's concept of formation processes prioritizes considerations of ...
human behaviors of Discard
systemic and archaeological context
All of the above
cultural and natural transforms
51
One example of a durable would be...
Water
Plant foods
Meat foods
Knife
52
The most reliable library of knowledge for interpretation is the generational knowledge & understanding of NDN peoples.
False
True
53
What barriers can communities face when approached to collaborate on an archaeological project?
Dismissal of elders, knowlege holders and storytellers as anecdotal
Research reflects academic goals rather than community goals and interest
Community engagement is often uncompensated and not reflected meaningfully
All of the above
54
Preservation of organic materials are important for study. Belongings preserve best ...
when exposed to stable conditions
when exposed to oxygen
when exposed to variable conditions
exposed to acidic conditions
55
Which of the following is NOT an ethical pricipal of the Society for American Archaeology?
Community engagment/outreach
Accountabilty
Inclusivity
Stewardship
56
A community is defined as a group of people that share common goals based on...
Geographical location and government
All of the above
Ideology, interests, values
Heritage, including language
57
Based on survey results archaeoloy provides is a potentially beneficial tool for:
Understanding consequences of migration
Bringing awareness to invisibilized poeples and events
Indigenous Nations/Bands/peoples
All of the above
58
National and Provincial Laws prioritize the protection of Indigenous landscapes and sovereignty
True
False
59
The archaeological record exists independant of archaeologists?
Both of the above
No. Archaeological record is created by archaeologists,
Yes! It's there waiting for archaeologists to claim it.
60
The absolute dating methods that provides a specific date down to the year is...
Radiocarbon dating (14C)
Thermoluminesence
Dendrochronology
None of the above
61
Does Lewis Henry Morgan’s “Ladder of Cultural Evolution” further ideas of white supremacyand European dominance?
Yes. ‘cultural evolution’ unfairly places humans on an arbitrary timeline
No. It is an accurate depiction of hominin/human evolution
No. There are no underlying ideas of white supremacy and European dominance
Yes. But only because it was created in 1877 when racism was prominent.
62
Which of the following is the philosophical study of knowlege?
Epistemology
Axiology
Ontology
Social position
63
It is important to emphasize that science is always changing to
undermine the legitimacy of scientific knowlege
All of the above
create opportunity to improve research and increase our changing knowledge
encourage students to study humanities
64
Consultation and community participation are synonymous
True
False
65
Archaeologists study ______ to understand the past
faunal remains (animals)
ecology
lithics (stone tools)
All of the above
66
Absolute dating is always the best option for dating an archaeological site
False
True
67
How has/does Eurocentricism relate to and influence archaeological interpretations?
That European history is key and can be applied to outside of Europe
A belief that Europe is the center of the world
A belief that European knowledge systems are most evolved and universal
All of the above
68
Most funding agencies encourage new and creative approaches to archaeological research
True
False
69
Indiana Jones greatest strength is
None of the above
the portrayal of the Indigenous Egyptians as ‘backwards’
archaeologists knowing more about Indigenous poeples than indigenous people
the portrayal of the Indigenous Peruvians as ‘uncivilized’
70
The relative dating method, frequency seriation, can indicate social changes over time in addition to chronology
True
False

ARCL 103, Final Flashcards | StudBud