When the exponential phase of a logistic growth curve of a population comes to an end

Selected: b. population growth begins to slow down

The principles of probability can be used to

predict the traits of the offspring of genetic crosses.

What happens during translation?

The cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins

Each node, or point at which a branch splits, on a evolutionary tree represents

the last point at which two groups shared a common ancestor.

Which is the correct sequence of the transfer of information in most organisms?

DNA to RNA to protein, RNA to protein to DNA

Which of the following statements correctly describes Chargaff’s contribution to the study of DNA?

showed that A and T were equal in DNA, he didnt know about Base-paring.

Which density-dependent factors other than the predator/prey relationship affected the populations of moose and wolves?

food availability for the moose and disease for the wolf

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the open ocean

open ocean starts at the low-tide mark ---> end of the continental shelf

DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,

each with one new strand and one original strand

Ideally, sustainable development should

preserve ecosystems while providing for human needs

Darwin noticed that many organisms seemed well suited to

surviving in the environments in which they lived.

What would happen if the population of the bird species shown in the ecosystem in Figure 4–1 were to suddenly decrease?

The fish population would increase

Specialized cells regulate the expression of genes because they

Do not need the proteins that are specified by certain genes.

The geographic isolation of two populations of a species tends to increase differences between their gene pools because

Prevents interbreeding between populations

Transcription happens in nucleus, and translation takes place in cytoplasm

Corn planted in a field that has been previously planted with legumes and then plowed under is likely to be

more productive, bc bacteria living on the roots of legumes fix nitrogen.

Which are two ways a population can decrease in size

decreased birthrate and emigration

The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because

energy flows in one direction, and nutrients recycle.

Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct?

Species make up populations, which make up communities.

In what way is DNA like a book?

DNA has stored information, that can be copied and passed on

Colorblindness is more common in males than in females because the allele for colorblindness is

recessive and located on the X chromosome.

If a population grows larger than the carrying capacity of the environment, which of these is most likely to happen?

The death rate increases and birth rate decreases.

During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the

codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA.

Two sources of genetic variation are

sexual reproduction and mutations

In what way are herbivores and carnivores alike?

They both obtain energy by consuming other organisms

How does an area’s weather differ from the area’s climate

Weather is day-to-day conditions, climate is the area’s average conditions

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Unit 4-8 complete study guide for final

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Honors biology final study guide

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Questions 86

Answers

1
What is produced during transcription
RNA molecules
Proteins
DNA molecules
RNA polymerase
2
What goes in Box 5 of the food web in Figure 3–2?
Decomposers
Scavengers
Carnivores
Herbivores
3
Most mutations
have no effect on an organism.
are fatal to an organism.
are helpful to an organism
are harmful to an organism.
4
In humans, the pelvis and femur, or thigh bone, are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur shown below are
Acquired traits
Vestigial structures
Examples of natural variation
Fossils
5
When the exponential phase of a logistic growth curve of a population comes to an end
the size of the population stays the same.
Selected: b. population growth begins to slow down
the size of the population drops.
population growth begins to speed up.
6
The genes carried by all members of a particular population make up the population’s
Phenotype
Genotype
Gene pool
Allele frequency
7
Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following processes EXCEPT
transpiration
decomposition of plants and animals.
burning of fossil fuels
photosynthesis
8
The principles of probability can be used to
determine which species should be used in genetic crosses
predict the traits of the offspring of genetic crosses.
determine the actual outcomes of genetic crosses.
decide which organisms are best to use in genetic crosses.
9
What happens during translation?
Transfer RNA is made from a messenger RNA code
Copies of DNA molecules are made
Messenger RNA is made from a DNA code
The cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins
10
Gametes are produced by the process of
Meiosis
mitosis
Replication
Crossing over
11
Each node, or point at which a branch splits, on a evolutionary tree represents
the point at which one or more species became extinct.
the most recent point at which a trait was lost in a certain group.
the last point at which two groups shared a common ancestor.
The point at which two species joined and became monophyletic.
12
The algae at the beginning of the food chain are
Primary producers
Heterotrophs
13
Each of the following is a condition necessary for natural selection to occur EXCEPT
more offspring are born than can survive
there is heritable variation among members of the population.
population size is very large
fitness varies among individuals.
14
Which is the correct sequence of the transfer of information in most organisms?
Protein to DNA to RNA
DNA to RNA to protein
RNA to protein to DNA
RNA to DNA to protein
15
Which of the following statements correctly describes Chargaff’s contribution to the study of DNA?
DNA made of nucleotides, couldn't show there are four types of bases.
DNA could be made using radiation, not DNA can be transferred to organisms
showed that A and T were equal in DNA, he didnt know about Base-paring.
guessed DNA was a double helix, did not produce the image to prove it
16
Which density-dependent factors other than the predator/prey relationship affected the populations of moose and wolves?
a hurricane followed by drought for both moose and wolves
parasitic wasps for the wolves and clear-cut forest for the moose
food availability for the moose and disease for the wolf
extreme temperatures for the moose and flooding for the wolves
17
Which of the following statements is NOT true about the open ocean
The open ocean has low levels of nutrients.
Most photosynthetic activity occurs in the open ocean, in the photic zone
Organisms in the deep ocean are exposed to low temperatures/total darkness
open ocean starts at the low-tide mark ---> end of the continental shelf
18
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands.
each with two original strands
each with two new strands
each with one new strand and one original strand
19
Ideally, sustainable development should
put the protection of the environment ahead of human needs.
provide for human needs at the expense of the environment.
use more natural resources to make goods to meet human needs
preserve ecosystems while providing for human needs
20
Darwin noticed that many organisms seemed well suited to
providing humans with food.
swimming from South America to the Galápagos Islands.
surviving in the environments in which they lived.
being preserved as fossils.
21
What would happen if the population of the bird species shown in the ecosystem in Figure 4–1 were to suddenly decrease?
The fish would occupy the birds’ niche.
The grass and fish would compete for resources
The fish population would increase
The grass population would increase
22
Which type of RNA brings the information in the genetic code from the nucleus to other parts of the cell
RNA polymerase
rRNA
mRNA
tRNA
23
Gregor Mendel’s principles of genetics apply to
Plants
All organisms
Animals
Pea plants only
24
Specialized cells regulate the expression of genes because they
do not want the genes to become worn out
Do not need the proteins that are specified by certain genes.
do not carry the complete genetic code in their nuclei
Cannot control the translation of proteins.
25
Is Species A more closely related to Species B or Species C
Species C
Species B
26
Which nucleotide in Figure 13–1 indicates the nucleic acid above is RNA?
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Uracil
27
A mutation that involves one nucleotide is called
An inversion
A point mutation
A translocation
A mutagen
28
The situation in which allele frequencies in the gene pool of a population remain constant is called
evolution
Genetic equilibrium
genetic drift
Natural drift
29
Area “X” of Figure 12–2 shows the structure Of
RNA molecule
DNA molecule
Nucleotide
Amino acid
30
The geographic isolation of two populations of a species tends to increase differences between their gene pools because
Prevents interbreeding between populations
It prevents inbreeding in the population
31
In eukaryotes
Transcription and translation both take place in the nucleuS
Transcription happens in nucleus, and translation takes place in cytoplasm
Which of the mutations shown in Figure 13-5 is a deletion mutation?
Transcription happens in cytoplasm, translation takes place in the nucleus
32
Corn planted in a field that has been previously planted with legumes and then plowed under is likely to be
less productive because legumes remove phosphorus from the soil.
more productive, bc bacteria living on the roots of legumes fix nitrogen.
33
Which are two ways a population can decrease in size
increased death rate and immigratio
immigration and emigration
decreased birthrate and emigration
emigration and increased birthrate
34
The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because
energy is limited in the biosphere, and nutrients are always available
energy flows in one direction, and nutrients recycle.
nutrients flow in one direction, and energy recycles.
energy forms chemical compounds, and nutrients are lost as heat.
35
Genetic drift tends to occur in populations that
Have unchanging allele frequencies
Are formed from new species
Are small
Are very large
36
Based on Chargaff’s rule, the percentages of guanine bases in chicken DNA should be around
28.8
21.5
19.9
13.4
37
Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct?
Species make up communities, which make up populations.
Species make up populations, which make up communities.
Populations make up species, which make up communities
38
In what way is DNA like a book?
DNA has information organized with an kind of index.
DNA has information wrapped in an identifying cover.
DNA has stored information, that can be copied and passed on
DNA has information that is periodically updated
39
A farming community in Texas covers 14²kilos. There are 420 people who live there. What is the population density
53 people per square kilo
30 people per square kilo
10.24 people per square kilo
.3 people per square kilo
40
One allele is for black feathers, one for white feathers. if a chicken shows codominance.....
It would have black feathers
It would have grey feathers
It would have black feathers
It would be speckled
41
Colorblindness is more common in males than in females because the allele for colorblindness is
recessive and located on the Y chromosome.
recessive and located on the X chromosome.
recessive and located on the Y chromosome.
dominant and located on the X chromosome.
42
If a population grows larger than the carrying capacity of the environment, which of these is most likely to happen?
The death rate decreaes and birth rate increases.
The birth rate increases and death rate increase
The death rate increases and birth rate decreases.
The birth rate decreases and death rate decreases.
43
In the Punnett square shown in Figure 11–1, which of the following is true about the offspring resulting from the cross?
All are expected to be short
All are expected to be tall
About 3/4 are expected to be tall
About half are expected to be short
44
During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the
codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the rRNA.
anticodon on the rRNA and the codon on the mRNA.
codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA.
anticodon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA.
45
Two sources of genetic variation are
directional selection and stabilizing selection
sexual reproduction and mutations
single-gene traits and adaptation.
directional selection and stabilizing selection
46
Genes contain instructions for assembling
Mutagens
Operons
Nucleosomes
proteins
47
Each pea-plant gamete has how many alleles for the height gene?
1
3
2
4
48
In what way are herbivores and carnivores alike?
They both obtain energy by consuming other organisms
They both are considered to be autotrophs
They both directly consume producers
They both use photosynthesis to make their own food.
49
The Punnett square in Figure 11–2 shows that the gene for pea shape and the gene for pea color
Have the same alleles
Assort independently
Are linked
Are always homozygous
50
Which of Mendels principles next explain the following situation?
Dominance
Dominance and segregation
Independent assortment
Segregation
51
How does an area’s weather differ from the area’s climate
weather does not change very much and an area’s climate changes many times
weather depends on where it's located and the area’s climate does not.
Weather is day-to-day conditions, climate is the area’s average conditions
Weather involves temperature/precipitation, climate involves temperature.
52
Why is an organism’s niche like a person’s occupation?
An organism can “make a living” and survive in its niche.
A niche is a “company” that the organism has to work in.
An organism makes “money” by working in its niche.
A niche is a “factory” where organisms build things.
53
How many nucleotides are needed to specify three amino acids
9
3
12
6
54
Similar DNA sequences in genes can be evidence of
binomial nomenclature.
Mutations
Common ancestry
different anatomy
55
What adds base pairs to a DNA strand during replication?
Histones
Nucleotides
DMA polymerase
Chromatin
56
Variation in human skin color is an example of
Codominance
incomplete dominance
Multiple alleles
Polygenic traits
57
What enzyme adds DNA to the end of chromosomes in rapidly dividing cells to prevent genes from being lost in replication
Telomerase
DNA polymerase
Histones
Chromatin
58
During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases
GATCCA
GAUCCA
TCGAAC
AGCTTG
59
What percentage of human sperm cells carry an X chromosome?
50%
100%
75%
0%
60
The frequency of phenotypes for a typical polygenic trait is most often illustrated as
Bell shaped curve
Pie chart
A histogram
Scatter plot
61
As DDT moves up the trophic levels in food chains or food webs its concentration
Decreases
Increases
Stays the same
Is eliminated
62
If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis,
The gamete cannot join to form another organism
the gametes redistribute chromosomes after meiosis.
Only two gametes may form instead of four
Some gametes may have an extra copy of some genes
63
Darwin first began to formulate his concept of evolution by natural selection after
Expirimenting with animals
observing patterns among the geographical location of certain species.
agreeing with Lamarck about the driving force behind evolution.
reading the writings of Wallace.
64
When Gregor Mendel crossed a tall plant with a short plant, the F1 plants inherited
Two alleles from each parent
Four alleles from each parent
one allele from each parent.
Three alleles from each parent
65
Which of the following is true
RNA is usually single-stranded
RNA contains thymine.
DNA is usually single-stranded
DNA contains uracil.
66
What does analyzing an evolutionary tree tell scientists about organisms?
the importance of each derived character
the general fitness of the organisms analyzed
all traits of each organism analyzed
the relative degrees of relatedness among lineages
67
What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web?
Energy path
Food chain
Food pyramid
Trophic level
68
Which factor might NOT contribute to an exponential growth rate in a given population
less competition
Higher birthrates
reduced resources
Lower death rates
69
How many chromosomes are shown in a normal human karyotype?
46
44
23
2
70
a dairy farmer chose to breed the cows that give the most milk in the herd, the farmer is following the principle of
Acquired characteristics
Artificial selection.
descent with modification.
Natural selection
71
A heterozygous tall pea plant is crossed with a short plant. The probability that an F1 plant will be tall is
50%
75%
100%
25%
72
People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because they
have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells.
produce more hemoglobin than they need.
are resistant to many different diseases.
are not affected by the gene until they are elderly.
73
How do most primary producers make their own food
by breaking down remains to make carbon dioxide
by using light energy to make carbohydrates
by using chemical energy to make carbohydrates
by changing water into carbon dioxide
74
The goals of biodiversity conservation include all of the following EXCEPT
preserving habitats and ecosystems.
introducing exotic/invasive species into new environments
making sure local people benefit from conservation efforts
protecting individual species
75
When Mendel crossed true-breeding tall plants with true-breeding short plants, why was it impossible to view segregation
Alleles for height do not segregate in the F2.
Alleles segregate best when two tall plants are crossed.
Alleles segregate only in the F2 generation.
Alleles in the F1 must be Tt to have height variety in the F2.
76
The farther apart two genes are located on a chromosome, the
less likely they are to be separated by crossing over.
more likely they are to be linked.
less likely they are to assort independently.
less likely they are to be inherited together.
77
Which is an example of how biotic and abiotic factors interact?
Humidity in the air forms fog in a valley.
Tree roots split apart rocks in the ground
Sunlight increases the temperature of pond water
Water and soil mix together to make mud.
78
Which of the following is a density-independent limiting factor
A volcanic erruption
a struggle for food, water, space, or sunlight
predator/prey relationships
parasitism and disease
79
Natural selection acts directly on
Genes
Mutations
Alleles
Phenotypes
80
Which of the mutations shown in Figure 13-5 is a deletion mutation?
B
C
D
A
81
Only 10% of the energy stored in organisms can be passed to the next trophic level. Some excess energy is..
Used for reproduction
Stored as body tissue
Eliminated as heat
Stored as fat
82
helping family members survive increases chances that some of one’s genes will be passed along to offspring is called
Competition
Imprinting
Kin selection
Classical conditioning
83
There are alleles for red hair and white hair. What would a roan bull look like if the trait showed incomplete dominance
It would be red
It would be spotted
It would be white
It would be pink
84
What is formed at the end of meiosis?
2 genetically identical cells
4 genetically identical cells
2 genetically different cells
4 genetically different cells
85
How is parasitism different from commensalism?
1 organism is harmed in parasitism, 0 organisms are harmed in commensalism
One organism benefits in parasitism, no organisms benefit in commensalism
86
Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA
deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and guanine
phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine
phosphate groups, guanine, and thymine
ribose, phosphate groups, and adenine

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