The minimal effects model believes that:

Media reinforces existing beliefs

Codes of ethics in media aim to:

Maintain integrity and accountability

What does earned media typically include?

News articles featuring the brand

Which body regulates broadcast media in the U.S.?

FCC (Federal Communications Commission)

Regionalism can lead to:

Deeper cooperation among members

What’s the goal of ethical marketing?

Build trust and long-term relationships

Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

What is the right to privacy?

The right to control personal information

Comparative advertising involves:

Comparing with competitor products

Trade liberalization under WTO leads to:

Reduced tariffs and open markets

What is price in marketing terms?

The value exchanged for a product or service

A movement to increase the rights of buyers

What is the main purpose of Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC)?

Deliver a clear and consistent message

Using someone’s work without credit

What is ethical marketing?

Practicing honesty, fairness, and responsibility in marketing

What is corporate social responsibility (CSR)?

Business’s concern for society's welfare

What does captive-product pricing refer to?

Products bought together, like razors and blades

An example of ethical reporting is:

Verifying facts before publishing

What is media regulation?

Rules and laws governing media practices

In the communication process, encoding refers to:

Translating thoughts into symbols

What is prior restraint?

Government preventing publication before it happens

What is media priming?

Media prepares audiences to think a certain way

What is deceptive pricing?

Misleading customers about actual prices

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MKT 2

197 termsStudBud Administration5 plays

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Questions 197

Answers

1
Copyright protects:
Historical events
Original creative works
Opinions
Facts
2
What distinguishes personal selling?
Low cost
One-to-many communication
Use of mass media
Interpersonal interaction
3
The minimal effects model believes that:
Media creates fear
Media has strong influence
Media changes political systems
Media reinforces existing beliefs
4
Codes of ethics in media aim to:
Encourage bias
Decrease staff
Increase views
Maintain integrity and accountability
5
Which research method is used to measure long-term effects of media?
Focus group
Survey
Longitudinal study
Content analysis
6
Which pricing approach starts with customer needs?
Cost-based pricing
Competition-based pricing
Psychological pricing
Value-based pricing
7
Media effects research began intensively during:
The Cold War
The 1980s
The internet era
World War I
8
Which tool in PR helps attract attention to new products?
Sponsorships
Press releases
Sales contests
Trade shows
9
The first step in value-based pricing is:
Analyzing production cost
Assessing customer needs
Studying competitors
Setting the price
10
What does earned media typically include?
Corporate websites
Sponsored YouTube ads
News articles featuring the brand
Paid influencer campaigns
11
Which body regulates broadcast media in the U.S.?
FTC
CIA
FBI
FCC (Federal Communications Commission)
12
Regionalism can lead to:
Less transparency
Global trade wars
Deeper cooperation among members
Higher tariffs
13
A well-designed message should:
Avoid emotional appeals
Be complex and academic
Be consistent across platforms
Use multiple languages
14
What’s the goal of ethical marketing?
Avoid feedback
Build trust and long-term relationships
Focus on short-term profits
Increase market share only
15
TRIPS stands for:
Trade Regulations in Private Sector
Trading Rules in Public Sector
Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
Trade-Related Internal Policies
16
Slander is:
Advertising
Spoken defamation
Written defamation
Broadcasting
17
Which code helps guide journalists in their ethical duties?
SPJ Code of Ethics
Advertising Guide
Copyright Policy
Internet Law
18
What is the right to privacy?
The right to control personal information
Free speech
The right to work
Property ownership
19
Comparative advertising involves:
Comparing with competitor products
Emotional branding
Community-based messaging
Celebrity endorsement
20
Trade liberalization under WTO leads to:
More trade barriers
Reduced tariffs and open markets
Nationalization
Higher protectionism
21
The WTO includes how many major agreements?
5
4
2
3
22
What is price in marketing terms?
The value exchanged for a product or service
The advertising budget
The amount paid to suppliers
The cost of production
23
What is consumerism?
Selling luxury items
Promoting ads
Avoiding regulations
A movement to increase the rights of buyers
24
Competition-based pricing sets prices based on:
Distribution channels
Brand loyalty
Customer behavior
Competitor strategies
25
The WTO is headquartered in:
Brussels
Paris
New York
Geneva
26
What is the main purpose of Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC)?
Deliver a clear and consistent message
Maximize traditional advertising
Increase prices across all media
Focus only on online marketing
27
What is plagiarism?
Quoting sources
Reporting facts
Using someone’s work without credit
Citing references
28
An important WTO principle is:
Export licensing
Import bans
Non-discrimination
Domestic preference
29
Which of the following is NOT a tool of the promotion mix?
Product development
Advertising
Direct marketing
Public relations
30
What is ethical marketing?
Practicing honesty, fairness, and responsibility in marketing
Redesigning logos
Offering free trials
Giving discounts
31
Brexit represents:
New customs union
WTO withdrawal
A case of disintegration
EU expansion
32
WTO agreements cover:
Arms trade
Goods, services, and IP
Internal politics
Only agriculture
33
The encoding/decoding model is from:
Gerbner
Lazarsfeld
Stuart Hall
Katz
34
Economies of scale result from:
Larger market size
Closed borders
Local monopolies
Tariff barriers
35
Which is not one of the WTO's agreements?
GATT
GATS
IMF Agreement
TRIPS
36
The most basic form of economic integration is:
Customs union
Common market
Economic union
Free trade area
37
Ethical ads should:
Avoid facts
Be exaggerated
Hide terms
Be truthful and not misleading
38
What is corporate social responsibility (CSR)?
Reducing worker salaries
Business’s concern for society's welfare
Avoiding government rules
Creating corporate ads
39
What does captive-product pricing refer to?
Illegal pricing
Products bought together, like razors and blades
Locked-in contracts
Products with limited stock
40
An example of ethical reporting is:
Copying others' stories
Sensationalizing tragedy
Verifying facts before publishing
Using clickbait
41
Which of the following is an example of paid media?
Social media shares
Company blogs
Press coverage
TV advertisements
42
What type of advertising introduces a new product?
Endorsement
Persuasive
Informative
Reminder
43
Mean World Syndrome is associated with:
Agenda-setting
Cultivation theory
Minimal effects theory
Media literacy
44
Which of the following is a function of PR?
Personal selling
Content marketing
Lobbying
Price optimization
45
What is media regulation?
Creating news
Rules and laws governing media practices
Selecting content
Broadcasting freely
46
In the communication process, encoding refers to:
Understanding the message
Translating thoughts into symbols
Channel selection
Feedback measurement
47
NAFTA is now replaced by:
USMCA
TPP
MERCOSUR
CAFTA
48
What is prior restraint?
Media delaying news
Government preventing publication before it happens
Copyright violation
News being printed in advance
49
What is media priming?
Filtering fake news
Media prepares audiences to think a certain way
Media always entertains
Removing media bias
50
What is the role of the sender in the communication process?
Analyzes market segments
Sends the message
Evaluates the campaign
Receives the message
51
What is deceptive pricing?
Promoting sales
Displaying prices clearly
Offering coupons
Misleading customers about actual prices
52
The WTO dispute settlement mechanism:
Is optional
Depends on the UN
Has no enforcement
Is compulsory and binding
53
Unethical marketing can lead to:
Improved employee relations
Loss of customer trust
Better media coverage
Lower taxes
54
A free trade area:
Has common currency
Eliminates migration controls
Removes tariffs among members
Requires same tax policies
55
A common market allows:
Free movement of goods, services, capital, and labor
Only free trade
Customs union only
Fiscal independence
56
Who developed the two-step flow theory?
Paul Lazarsfeld
Stuart Hall
George Gerbner
Marshall McLuhan
57
WTO members must publish trade regulations to ensure:
Bias
Secrecy
Transparency
Complexity
58
What does the two-step flow theory emphasize?
Media effects are only long-term
Audiences receive information directly from media
Media has no influence
Media influence flows through opinion leaders
59
A key benefit of personal selling is:
Immediate national coverage
One-way message delivery
Flexibility and direct feedback
Minimal resource use
60
A customs union allows:
Political unity
Separate trade policies
Common external tariffs
Free labor movement
61
Which market type has many buyers and sellers with identical products?
Pure competition
Monopolistic competition
Monopoly
Oligopoly
62
According to Stuart Hall, audiences:
Are not influenced
Actively decode messages
Always interpret media the same way
Are passive consumers
63
The principle of MFN (Most-Favored-Nation) treatment requires:
Giving special treatment to developing countries
Imposing tariffs on all goods
Blocking non-members from access
Treating all trading partners equally
64
Which country is not a founding member of WTO?
Canada
USA
Russia
UK
65
What is psychological pricing?
Pricing to trigger emotional buying
Price based on logic and data
Pricing for organizations only
Legal compliance pricing
66
Trade promotions aim to:
Advertise new media
Motivate resellers
Support end consumers
Attract media attention
67
Economic integration helps:
Restrict trade
Block foreign investment
Increase tariffs
Improve efficiency and competition
68
The term “mass society” refers to:
A society influenced by media
A group of elite thinkers
Ancient communities
Audience without media
69
National treatment under WTO means:
Preferential treatment to national products
Equal treatment between foreign and domestic goods
Exemption of taxes for imports
Licensing of exports
70
Inelastic demand means:
Demand changes a lot with price
No demand at all
Prices cannot change
Demand barely changes with price
71
What is the experience curve?
Curve of product popularity over time
Customer satisfaction curve
Increase in price over time
Decline in cost with accumulated production experience
72
Direct marketing is known for being:
Delayed-response
Mass-focused
Controlled by government
Personalized and interactive
73
Reminder advertising is most suitable for:
Mature products
New product launches
B2B marketing
Niche products
74
Opinion leaders are:
Media producers
Advertisers
Politicians
Influential individuals who interpret media for others
75
What does "mass media effects" refer to?
The influence media has on audiences
The variety of media platforms
The quality of mass media content
The cost of producing media
76
Trade creation means:
Trade diversion
Increased tariffs
Reducing imports
Shifting to more efficient producers
77
The WTO Secretariat:
Decides disputes
Makes laws
Provides technical and legal support
Enforces tariffs
78
Which of the following violates media ethics?
Using multiple sources
Publishing private photos without consent
Reporting facts
Interviewing experts
79
WTO allows trade restrictions:
For health, security, and environment reasons
For all domestic demands
Without reason
To protect inefficient industries
80
Preferential trade agreements are:
Allowed under certain conditions
Rejected by WTO
Always multilateral
Strictly prohibited
81
Who introduced the term “media ecology”?
Noelle-Neumann
Hall
Gerbner
McLuhan
82
What is by-product pricing?
Pricing unused inventory
Setting prices for secondary products
Pricing for extra features
Promotional discounts
83
What is sensationalism?
Academic writing
Exaggerating news to attract attention
Fair coverage
Neutral reporting
84
Customs unions are:
Forbidden by WTO
Permitted under WTO rules
Part of TRIPS
Only allowed in Europe
85
GATT focused mainly on:
Environmental protection
Monetary policies
Trade in goods
Services and investments
86
Which law limits false advertising?
SPJ Code
FOIA
FTC Act
First Amendment
87
Anti-dumping measures:
Are illegal
Are regulated under WTO rules
Are banned
Are ignored
88
Transparency in media means:
Avoiding criticism
Being open and honest about sources and intentions
Using digital tools
Broadcasting 24/7
89
What is selective retention?
Creating media content
Remembering messages that align with beliefs
Being told what to believe
Forgetting everything
90
Cultivation theory proposes that:
Audiences are unaffected
Media has no lasting effect
Heavy media consumption shapes perception of reality
Media only entertains
91
A key disadvantage of cost-based pricing is:
Ignores consumer demand
Complex calculations
Unpredictable costs
Too much market research required
92
One benefit of integration is:
Market fragmentation
Access to larger markets
Less productivity
Higher transport costs
93
Developing countries in WTO:
Must pay higher tariffs
Have no benefits
Cannot access TRIPS
Get special treatment
94
Which is a form of direct marketing?
PR campaign
Trade display
Banner ads
Kiosk marketing
95
Ethics in marketing leads to:
Customer loyalty and long-term success
Quick scams
Reduced effort
Lower costs
96
Reference prices refer to:
Prices of competitor products
Wholesale prices
Prices buyers carry in their minds
Prices used in legal disputes
97
Which of the following is an example of regulation?
Ratings system
Social media posts
Academic publishing
Banning obscene content on TV
98
What is a journalist's main duty?
Promote brands
Support government
Entertain the audience
Inform the public truthfully
99
Misleading product labels are:
Good marketing
Standard
Unethical
Acceptable
100
What is the main purpose of sales promotion?
Immediate purchase incentives
Brand storytelling
Regulatory compliance
Build long-term image
101
What is a characteristic of an active audience?
They only use print media
They interpret and react to media differently
They ignore media
They obey all media messages
102
A person who watches crime shows and believes the world is dangerous is experiencing:
Agenda-setting
Media literacy
Mean World Syndrome
Two-step flow
103
The hypodermic needle theory suggests that:
Audiences are active participants in media
Media content is mostly educational
Media has no effect on the public
Media messages are injected directly into passive audiences
104
Deep integration includes:
Border control
Political debates
Visa-free travel
Coordination of regulations and standards
105
The EU is an example of:
Free trade area
Monetary zone
Economic union
Customs union
106
Which concept is tied to long-term business trust?
Sales promotions
Product placements
Colorful packaging
Ethics and transparency
107
The highest decision-making body in WTO is:
Dispute Panel
General Council
The Secretariat
Ministerial Conference
108
The ASEAN is an example of:
Currency union
Political bloc
Regional economic integration
Military pact
109
WTO allows regional trade agreements if:
They do not raise barriers for outsiders
They replace WTO rules
They exclude all non-members
They are secret
110
Stronger integration can enhance:
Immigration barriers
Tariff increases
Bargaining power in global negotiations
Political rivalry
111
Geographical pricing involves:
Pricing for bulk orders
Setting price based on production cost
Pricing based on customer location
Time-based pricing
112
In monopolistic competition, firms:
Face no competition
Differentiate their products
Offer identical products
Are regulated by the government
113
A market with few large sellers is called:
Oligopoly
Pure competition
Free trade
Monopolistic competition
114
What is target costing?
Setting price based on market share
Designing a product to meet a target cost
Targeting wealthy customers
Reducing costs through automation
115
Which media type has the highest expressive potential?
Television
Telephone
Radio
Print
116
What is defamation?
Criticism
News reporting
Political analysis
False communication damaging someone’s reputation
117
Advertising is characterized by:
Paid, non-personal communication
One-on-one selling
Unpaid communication
Personal, high engagement
118
Dispute settlements involve:
IMF
NGOs
Military sanctions
Panels and appellate bodies
119
What is ethics in media?
Moral principles that guide media professionals
Legal rules
Technology guidelines
Audience preferences
120
A major advantage of advertising is:
Low cost for customized messages
Ability to reach large audiences
Deep customer relationships
High flexibility for real-time change
121
The Eurozone is:
WTO members
UN members
EU countries using the euro
All EU countries
122
An economic union requires:
Free travel
Harmonized economic and fiscal policies
Private banks
Cultural identity
123
What advertising message style uses a fictional character?
Lifestyle
Slice of life
Technical expertise
Personality symbol
124
Structural adjustment is needed in:
Environment
Military
Less competitive sectors after integration
Social services
125
Which of the following is an example of selective exposure?
Watching all kinds of content
Being influenced by opinion leaders
Watching only news that supports your beliefs
Avoiding media
126
The WTO was established in:
2000
1995
1986
1991
127
Which of the following is protected under free speech?
Political opinion
Slander
Libel
Hate speech
128
Multilateralism is different from regionalism because it:
Includes global cooperation
Reduces FDI
Is informal
Involves fewer countries
129
Which media theory focuses on audience needs and motivations?
Uses and Gratifications Theory
Agenda-setting
Hypodermic Needle Theory
Spiral of Silence
130
Optional-product pricing involves:
Base product with additional extras
Variable cost pricing
Random pricing choices
Unbundled items at discount
131
Ethical dilemma arises when:
Market share increases
Profits rise
Sales drop
There is a conflict between personal and business values
132
Self-regulation means:
Media organizations monitor their own content
Publishers stop printing
Audience censors content
Government controls all media
133
The First Amendment in the U.S. guarantees:
Right to privacy
Intellectual property
Advertising rights
Freedom of speech and press
134
In B2C markets, which promotion tool is most emphasized?
PR
Advertising
Personal selling
Trade discounts
135
Conflict of interest occurs when:
Deadlines are missed
Personal interest affects professional duty
Reporters are friends with sources
News is late
136
Which theory sees media as reinforcing power structures?
Uses and gratifications
Agenda-setting
Cultural studies
Two-step flow
137
WTO supports regional integration if:
It complements global trade
It replaces WTO rules
It excludes LDCs
It creates monopolies
138
WTO agreements are:
For rich countries only
Temporary
Voluntary
Legally binding
139
Economic integration means:
Military alliances
Cultural exchange
Immigration policies
Reduction of trade barriers among countries
140
Ethical companies are more likely to:
Ignore customer service
Lose profits
Retain loyal customers
Be penalized
141
Shared media includes:
Investor reports
TV commercials
Word-of-mouth and viral content
In-store promotions
142
Ethical journalism should be:
Accurate, fair, and independent
Fast and emotional
Biased
Political
143
Which is an ethical issue in advertising?
Packaging design
Fair pricing
Celebrity endorsement
Misleading claims
144
Trade diversion refers to:
Creating jobs
Replacing low-cost imports with higher-cost ones from partners
Attracting FDI
More exports
145
GATS deals with:
Trade in agriculture
Trade in services
Anti-dumping measures
Environmental standards
146
Product bundle pricing is:
Offering combined products at reduced price
Flexible pricing based on volume
Selling products separately
Pricing by customer segment
147
Common external tariffs apply in a:
Bilateral pact
Customs union
Single market
Free trade area
148
Regional integration affects:
Domestic producers and consumers
Only investors
Police
Cultural values
149
Transparency means:
Advertising in TV
Tracking competitors
Being open and honest with stakeholders
Reducing quality
150
Aims of WTO include:
Facilitating smooth trade flow
Restricting imports
Raising tariffs
Promoting monopolies
151
What is censorship?
Media framing
Suppression of speech or content
Audience analysis
Media education
152
Spiral of silence suggests people:
Are always outspoken
Avoid expressing unpopular opinions
Only follow influencers
Don't consume media
153
One goal of integration is:
Religious harmony
Economic development
Arms trade
Local protection
154
Promotional pricing includes:
Seasonal demand shifts
Temporary price reductions
Long-term price cuts
Price hikes during holidays
155
What is product line pricing?
Setting price steps within a product line
Fixed pricing for services
Selling products in a bundle
Pricing different products the same
156
Libel is:
Written defamation
Verbal abuse
Hate speech
Political speech
157
Embedding journalists in military units raises concerns about:
Salaries
Cameras
Ratings
Bias and objectivity
158
Intellectual property refers to:
Creations of the mind with legal rights
Real estate
Fake news
Physical property
159
The WTO replaced which of the following:
GATT
World Bank
IMF
OECD
160
What is media literacy?
Avoiding news
The ability to analyze and evaluate media content
Being addicted to media
Creating films
161
A whistleblower is someone who:
Exposes wrongdoing within an organization
Creates news
Frames politicians
Advertises products
162
Which of the following is not a principle of the WTO?
Trade without discrimination
Freer trade
Predictability
Restricting market access
163
What does cost-based pricing focus on?
Advertising effectiveness
Customer experience
Production and distribution costs
Product value perception
164
The principle of transparency in WTO ensures:
Flexible import restrictions
Predictable trade policies
Bilateral trade only
Non-disclosure of rules
165
What is price elasticity of demand?
Customer loyalty
Sensitivity of demand to price changes
Distribution flexibility
Relationship between price and cost
166
The long-term success of integration depends on:
Political will and institutional capacity
Natural resources
Cultural similarity
Military strength
167
The spiral of silence theory was proposed by:
Stuart Hall
Gerbner
Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann
McLuhan
168
The agenda-setting theory suggests that:
Media ignores public opinion
Media is not influential
Media tells audiences what to think
Media tells audiences what to think about
169
A monetary union implies:
No trade
Floating exchange rates
Same political system
Common currency
170
Public interest refers to:
Private news
Advertiser needs
Political bias
Media serving the needs of society
171
MERCOSUR is located in:
Asia
South America
Europe
Africa
172
Dynamic pricing means:
Fixed rate for every transaction
One price for all markets
Legal minimum pricing
Adjusting prices continually
173
What role does honesty play in marketing?
Encourages fake reviews
Increases prices
Builds brand reputation
Creates drama
174
What should be avoided in ethical marketing?
Authentic branding
Clear communication
Exploiting customer fears
Listening to feedback
175
Which model describes audiences as being manipulated by powerful media?
Magic Bullet Theory
Cultural Studies Model
Two-Step Flow
Agenda-Setting Theory
176
The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA):
Replaces WTO
Only for oil producers
Is a military alliance
Aims to unite African markets
177
What is owned media?
Media content shared by users
Media directly controlled by the company
Government reports
Paid newspaper advertisements
178
Which of the following is a CSR initiative?
Using plastic only
Expanding globally
Hiring celebrities
Donating to local charities
179
What is ethical sourcing?
Ignoring origin of materials
Sourcing from cheapest suppliers
Buying materials responsibly
Focusing only on cost
180
Decoding in the encoding/decoding model means:
Editing films
Creating content
Interpreting media messages
Ignoring media
181
Cultivation theory was developed by:
Paul Lazarsfeld
Marshall McLuhan
George Gerbner
Noam Chomsky
182
Which of the following is a major factor influencing pricing decisions?
Marketing intermediaries
Color of the product
Customer perception of value
Factory location
183
What is noise in communication?
Distortion during message delivery
Background music
A feature of direct marketing
Targeted feedback
184
Online marketing is part of:
Sales promotion
Personal selling
Direct marketing
Publicity
185
What is value-based pricing?
Based on historical data
Based on production cost only
Pricing based on competitors
Setting price based on perceived value
186
Disadvantages of integration may include:
Isolation
Increased inflation
Loss of policy independence
Reduced trade
187
What is the role of PR in the promotion mix?
Creating viral memes
Creating direct sales
Paid endorsements
Generating favorable publicity
188
Which pricing strategy adapts prices to different customers or locations?
Uniform pricing
Cost-plus pricing
Segmented pricing
Break-even pricing
189
What is a push strategy?
Pulling consumers through media
Encouraging retailers to promote products
Using promotions to attract end-users
Using only digital channels
190
A socially responsible company will:
Cut corners
Increase packaging waste
Reduce carbon footprint
Avoid recycling
191
Media framing refers to:
Visual editing
Encoding messages
Creating fake news
The way media presents an issue
192
Which is a consumer promotion tool?
Business gifts
Coupon
Trade show
Lobbying
193
Which is a pricing strategy for new products?
Skimming pricing
Seasonal pricing
Loss leader pricing
Predatory pricing
194
Subsidies that distort trade are:
Ignored
Discouraged
Promoted
Encouraged
195
Market-penetration pricing aims to:
Maximize profit early
Attract the high-end market
Set a low price to gain market share
Raise brand prestige
196
Market-skimming pricing means:
Price matching with competitors
Discounting immediately
Setting a high initial price
Offering free trials
197
A monopoly exists when:
Sellers compete on service
There are many competing brands
One seller dominates the market
Customers dictate prices

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