Which of the following correctly lists what a missense mutation is?

a base substitution resulting in the changing of one amino acid to another

Which of the following correctly lists the overall function of tRNA?

delivers amino acids to ribosomes as they synthesize proteins

Which of the following correctly states what occurs during the termination portion of translation?

stop codon is encountered, polypeptide is released, ribosome disassociates

Which of the following is one of the differences between DNA polymerase I and DNA polyermase III?

only DNA polymerase I has 3' > 5' AND 5' > 3' exonuclease activity

What is a big difference between RNA and DNA polymerase?

RNA poly. does NOT need a primer to begin transcription

Which of the following explains cytokinesis in plant vs animal cells?

plant cells form a cell plate; animal cells form a cleavage furrow

Which of the following correctly lists what a silent mutation is?

a base substitution that does not change the protein's amino acid sequence

Which of the following correctly describes the initiation stage in translation?

ribosome binds mRNA at start codon (AUG)

Which of the following correctly lists what a nonsense mutation is?

a base substitution resulting in a shorter chain b/c of an early stop codon

What is the significance of splicing?

allows for different mRNAs & proteins to be produced from a single gene

Which of the following correctly states the function of a primer during DNA replication?

short strand of RNA that serves as starting point for DNA synthesis

Which of the following correctly describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?

genotype= the genes; phenotype= physical manifestation of those genes

Which of the following correctly lists the overall function of mRNA?

RNA version of the gene encoded for by DNA

Which of the following is an example of an exception to the central dogma?

a retrovirus that uses reverse transcriptase

What is the purpose of the poly(A) tail and 5' cap?

to protect the processed, mature mRNA from degradation by enzymes

What is the role of single stranded DNA binding proteins?

to keep individual DNA strands separate so they can be used as templates

Which of the following correctly lists the overall function of rRNA?

makes up the structure of ribosomes

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BIOL 1610 exam 3

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Answers

1
Which of the following correctly describes the elongation step of translation?
ribosome starts matching tRNA anticodon sequences to mRNA codon sequences
tRNAs start coming into ribosome, while carrying specific amino acids
all of the above are correct
each amino acid carried by a tRNA is added to elongating polypeptide chain
2
Which of the following correctly lists what a missense mutation is?
a base substitution that does not change the protein's amino acid sequence
a base substitution resulting in the changing of one amino acid to another
a base substitution resulting in a shorter chain b/c of an early stop codon
when an extra nucleotide is inserted into the sequence
3
Which of the following correctly lists the overall function of tRNA?
delivers amino acids to ribosomes as they synthesize proteins
DNA version of the gene encoded for by RNA
RNA version of the gene encoded for by DNA
makes up the structure of ribosomes
4
Which of the following correctly states what occurs during the termination portion of translation?
start codon is encountered, polypeptide is released, ribosome disassociates
stop codon is encountered, polypeptide is released, ribosome disassociates
stop codon is encountered, polypeptide & ribosome stay attached
promoter is encountered, polypeptide is released, ribosome disassociates
5
The central dogma of molecular biology states the flow of protein to make genetic info. (protein > RNA > DNA)
True
False
6
Which of the following is one of the differences between DNA polymerase I and DNA polyermase III?
DNA polymerase III removes RNA primer from DNA strands & fills in the gaps
DNA polymerase I is the major enzyme involved in most of DNA replication
only DNA polymerase III has 3' > 5' AND 5' > 3' exonuclease activity
only DNA polymerase I has 3' > 5' AND 5' > 3' exonuclease activity
7
What is a big difference between RNA and DNA polymerase?
RNA poly. CAN'T perform template-directed synthesis: 5' > 3'
DNA poly. does NOT need a primer to begin transcription
RNA poly. does NOT need a primer to begin transcription
DNA poly. CAN'T perform template-directed synthesis: 5' >3'
8
p53 gene encodes for a protein that stops a cell from dividing & signals it to undergo apoptosis, if DNA can't be fixed
False
True
9
During splicing, exons get removed & introns are kept in the sequence. Introns= coding regions; exons= non-coding areas.
False
True
10
Which of the following explains cytokinesis in plant vs animal cells?
plant and animal cells both form a cleavage furrow
plant cells form a cell plate; animal cells form a cleavage furrow
plant and animal cells both form a cell plate
plant cells form a cleavage furrow; animal cells form a cell plate
11
Which of the following correctly lists what a silent mutation is?
a base substitution resulting in the changing of one amino acid to another
a base substitution that does not change the protein's amino acid sequence
a base substitution resulting in a shorter chain b/c of an early stop codon
when an extra nucleotide is inserted into the sequence
12
The genetic code is considered "redundant", as a single amino acid is encoded for by multiple codons.
False
True
13
Which of the following correctly describes the initiation stage in translation?
ribosome binds rRNAs at start codon (AUG)
ribosome binds tRNAs at start codon (AUG)
ribosome binds mRNA at start codon (AUG)
14
Which of the following correctly lists what a nonsense mutation is?
a base substitution that does not change the protein's amino acid sequence
when an extra nucleotide is inserted into the sequence
a base substitution resulting in the changing of one amino acid to another
a base substitution resulting in a shorter chain b/c of an early stop codon
15
What is the significance of splicing?
allows for different genes to be produced from different mRNAs & proteins
allows for different mRNAs & proteins to be produced from a single gene
16
Which of the following correctly states the function of a primer during DNA replication?
an enzyme that proofreads the DNA strands
short strand of DNA that serves as starting point for DNA synthesis
short strand of RNA that serves as starting point for DNA synthesis
an enzyme that digests the DNA strands
17
DNA polymerase I initiates synthesis at primer, then DNA polymerase III comes in and removes the primer.
True
False
18
Which of the following correctly describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?
genotype= physical manifestation of those genes; phenotype= the genes
genotype= the genes; phenotype= physical manifestation of those genes
19
Which of the following correctly lists the overall function of mRNA?
DNA version of the gene encoded for by RNA
RNA version of the gene encoded for by DNA
delivers amino acids to ribosomes as they synthesize proteins
makes up the structure of ribosomes
20
In metaphase II, the spindle apparatus forms and spindle fibers attach to centromeres.
False
True
21
Which of the following is an example of an exception to the central dogma?
a retrovirus that uses reverse transcriptase
a bacterium that uses RNA polymerase during transcription
a bacterium that uses DNA helicase during initiation of transcription
a bacterium that uses topoisomerase to undo supercoils during replication
22
What is the purpose of the poly(A) tail and 5' cap?
to protect the cell itself from degradation by enzymes
to protect the processed tRNA from degradation by enzymes
to protect the replicated DNA from degradation by enzymes
to protect the processed, mature mRNA from degradation by enzymes
23
What is the role of single stranded DNA binding proteins?
responsible for "unzipping" DNA so that replication can occur
to fuse individual DNA strands together so they can't be used as templates
to remove supercoils before and during DNA replication
to keep individual DNA strands separate so they can be used as templates
24
Which of the following correctly lists the overall function of rRNA?
delivers amino acids to ribosomes as they synthesize proteins
DNA version of the gene encoded for by RNA
makes up the structure of ribosomes
RNA version of the gene encoded for by DNA

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