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Population Exam 1 part 1 Walsh University Flashcards | StudBud
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Population Exam 1 part 1 Walsh University
Population Exam 1 part 1 Walsh University
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1
Which best describes why local, state, & federal gov. agencies have started to cooperate & collaborate more closely
Increased administrative pressures to demonstrate outcomes
Increased taxpayers’ complaints and general unhappiness
Increased pressure to decrease overlap in services
Increased focus on emergency preparedness and response
2
With which of the following ethical approaches are Gilligan and Noddings associated?
Principlism approach
Distributive justice approach
Feminine ethic
Virtue ethics
3
African American females have a higher mortality rate from breast cancer than white females. This is an example of
a sentinel event.
racism.
projection.
disparity.
4
Which of the following duties would mostlikely be completed in a state health department (Select all)
Employing and supervising school health nurses
Assessing the health needs of the state’s citizens
Administering the Medicaid program
Establishing and maintaining child immunization clinics
5
Which of the following is a benefit of implementing the electronic health record
Cost savings to the agency
Improved client compliance with medical regimens
Facilitation of interprofessional care
Compliance with JCAHO standards
6
Which of the following would have been the focus of a school nurse in the early 20th century?
Investigating causes of absenteeism
Providing medical treatment to enable children to return to school
Teaching school as well as being a nurse
Promoting nursing as an autonomous practice
7
select all
Ethical principles can conflict with one another.
There is no single accepted approach for resolving such disagreements.
The nurses are each using different ethical approaches.
The first nurse is correct because autonomy says she should decideherself
8
Which of the following best describes community-based nursing?
A practice in which care is provided for individuals and families
Providing care with a focus on the group’s needs
Giving care with a focus on the aggregate’s needs
A value system in which all clients receive optimal care
9
Which statement by a client shows a lack of understanding of anappropriate reason to sue for professional negligence
“the healthcare staff didnt turn my mother every 2 hours, shegot bedsores”
“I got permanent nerve damage because they wouldn't remove my tight cast.”
My daughter wasnt given a call light & the whole shift no one checked onher
“They amputated the wrong leg during surgery.”
10
Which of the following statements best describes why the federal government has becomeinvolved in health care?
federal budget used to pay for services due to high costs to the states
The states asked the federal level to become involved.
This step was necessary to standardize care on a national level.
Constitution gives federal government the power to promote generalwelfare
11
Which factor should the nurse emphasize when advocating for increasing number of public health nurses at the health dept
Providing disease investigation training
Providing leadership experiences
Providing salaries commensurate with responsibilities
Providing research opportunities
12
How can nurses know they've been effective in assessing the community, planning & implementing appropriate interventions
Ask community leaders for their opinion of the interventions.
Systematically survey community residents regarding their perception.
Examine the morbidity and mortality rate of the community.
Reassess the community to determine whether obvious needs have been met.
13
Which of the following is generally considered to be nursing’s first code of ethics?
Nightingale Pledge
Principles of the Ethical Practice of Public Health
Code for Professional Nurses
Code of Ethics for Nurses
14
Which of the followingwould be a reason a public health nurse position would be appealing for other nurses or new nurses
Its collaboration with other health care professionals
Its focus on acute care and immediately visible outcomes
Its flexibility and higher wages
Its autonomy and independence
15
Which document would most likely provide useful information about how to promote early detection of breast cancer
Scope and Standards of Public Health Nursing Practice
Healthy People 2020
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
The Future of Public Health
16
Which of the following statements best describes the law in relation to clinical practice by nursing students?
Students not liable for errors cuz they practice under instructors license
Students are considered certified until licensure is obtained.
Students are expected to meet the same care standards as professional nurse
Students have a scope of practice determined by the nurse practice act.
17
Which premise would ethically justify a hurt & bleeding patient in ER demanding to see a doctor for immediate attention?
he has property right to his body & the government has toprotect that
society believes all people should be treated equally & needs should be met
everyone deserves a right to have what their tax money goes to
Saving an individual’s life improves society and upholds tradition.
18
Nurse is faces an ethical delimma & talks to the agency supervisor to decide what to do. Which descirbes nurses actions
Wise, supervisor knows more concerning agency priorities & practices
Justified, gives a chance to discuss issue tho nurse is still responsible
Intelligent, because the supervisor has access to resource people
Appropriate, because the supervisor is responsible for the nurse’s choices
19
Which approache should the nurse use in personally deciding whatis right when staff cannot reach an agreement
Do whatever will not get the nurse in trouble with employer.
Do whatever is supported by an ethical expert, like the hospital chaplain.
Do whatever the nurse would recommend to anyone in a similar situation.
Do whatever the nurse supervisor feels comfortable telling toadministration
20
Which law established programs to give health services to women& kids & supported community-oriented nursing practice
Healthy People 2000 Initiative
State Child Health Improvement Act (SCHIP)
Sheppard-Towner Act
Early Periodic Screening and Developmental Testing (EPSDT) Initiative
21
Which of the following agencies has the most influence on the health and welfare of UScitizens?
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
US Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
World Health Organization (WHO)
22
one family memeber is ill, other members still work, nurse says its the familys decision not our, which ethical appraoch
Communitarianism
Deontology
Utilitarianism
Principlism
23
one family member is ill, nurse says the family should focus on their needs before anything, which ethical approach
Utilitarianism
Principlism
Communitarianism
Deontology
24
Which statement is the best response by the local health center nurse to an elderly women that cant afford her meds
“You can get these medicines at this clinic for free.”
Let’s see if we can get help from Medicare to help pay for thesemedications
“Let’s go through these medications and see which ones we can delete.”
“These medications are important. Do your best to pay for them.”
25
A nurse wants to get involved in political action. Which actionsare most appropriate for the nurse to achieve this goal
Dont spend time on local activities, ask to be appointed on the state level
Focus all efforts on your specialty practice area & your employment siteact
Become a member of the state nurses association.
Be friendly with everyone, whether supportive or not of your ideas.
26
A nurse working with Mary Breckinridge would have likely assisted with: (Select all thatapply)
a nursing trail through the Rockies, giving care to miners &their families
ensuring positive pregnancy outcomes for women in the Appalachian region
establishing the Henry Street Settlement.
forming health programs aimed at improving health care of ruralpopulations
27
How would the nurse best describe the current US healthcare system to physicians from South America
is best in the world with great research & high-technology carefor all
is divided primarily into 2 parts: private healthcare & public healthcare
“It is a centralized system that provides care in hospitals.”
a logical, rational approach to meeting needs while trying to control costs
28
Who is responsible for determining the scope of practice for registered nurses?
State legislators
Federal legislators
American Nurses Association
US Department of Health and Human Services
29
Which is the dominant issue in ethical debate of an issue such ascontinuing or withdrawing treatment in acute healthcare
Doing what is best for the community
Upholding ethical principles
Obeying legal mandates
Doing what is best for the family
30
How did past caregiving approaches in the Industrial Rev. like care byfamilies, friends, & neighbors become inadequate
Caregivers could easily find other employment, so they demanded to be paid.
Incredible plagues consistently & constantly swept the European continent.
Migration and urbanization resulted in increased demand for care.
Economic and political wars resulted in frequent death and injuries.
31
Which of the following would confirm that the nurse’s advocacy has been truly successful oreffective?
Audiences agree with the nurse who is serving as advocate.
People verbalize that the disenfranchised should be better treated.
Legislators discuss appropriate legislation to better allocate resources.
Systematic social changes are made to improve quality of life.
32
How did health care and its delivery change during the 1980s? (Select all that apply.)
Funding public health increased & funding for acute hospital care decreased
Public health programs suffered reduced political support, funds & success
Laws began to be passed that discouraged use of alcohol, drugs, & tobacco.
Nurse practitioners were increasingly used to provide care.
33
Which factors is most important to consider when determining which healthcare service is offered at the local clinic
Data available from the most recent community assessment
Suggestions from community members about what is needed
Recommendations from Healthy People 2020
Services mandated by the state government
34
Which of the following statements is accurate descriptions of current social & economictrends in the USA? (Select all)
The gap between the richest and poorest is widening.
People often spend a considerable amount of money on complementarytherapies
Enjoying life is not as important as the need to take care of oneself.
Citizens are appreciating the quality of life enjoyed in the United States.
35
Affordable care act helps improve healthcare I get but ive not seen it. Which statement is the best reply by the nurse?
this act will improve care for elderly & poor population, which you are not
many dont see the impact due to change is at the federal & state level care
many things changed in healthcare due to this act, despite seeing it or not
itll take many years to see efforts from the act due to delays in changes
36
Which of the following best describe the importance of the World Health Organization(WHO) to the United States?
Establishes international standards for antibiotics and vaccines.
Supports national programs to fight disease.
Provides daily information on disease occurrences.
Creates international legislation regarding international cooperation.
37
Why are nurses increasingly providing care in clients’ homes rather than in hospitals? (Selectall that apply.)
People prefer to receive care in their homes rather than in hospitals.
Home care is less expensive.
Nurses prefer to give home care with individual attention.
It is much more efficient to give care in the home.
38
Which of thefollowing activities would've likely been completed by an early colonial American in a public health sector
Collecting vital statistics and improving sanitation
Developing public housing and almshouses
Establishing schools of nursing
Developing vaccines to administer to large numbers of people
39
Which of the following activities are the responsibilities of the Centers for Disease Controland Prevention (CDC)?
Conduct research to enhance disease prevention.
Publish national goals for promoting health and preventing disease.
Detect and investigate infectious disease problems.
Develop and advocate public health policies.
40
Which branch of government is the nurse working with to urge the passage of a bill to increase funding for translation
Judicial branch of government
Executive branch of government
Legislative branch of government
Constitutional branch of government
41
Which of the following variables have led to a stronger commitment to population-focusedservices? Select all that apply.
Threat of bioterrorism
Economic turmoil and demand for high-technology care
Emergence of new or drug-resistant infectious diseases
Emphasize overall health care needs rather than only acute care treatment
42
Which of the following is a basic assumption of public health efforts?
health of individuals cannot be separated from the health of the community.
The government is responsible for lengthening the life span of Americans.
Health disparities among any groups are morally and legally wrong.
Healthcare is the most important priority in government planning & funding.
43
The Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601 is similar to which current law?
Medicare
Medicaid
Welfare
Food stamps
44
What do demographic figures suggest about the ways in which the population of the UnitedStates is changing? (Select all)
Mortality for both genders in all age groups declined.
Hispanics are the largest minority group population.
Foreign-born immigrant population is increasing.
Leading causes of death are from infectious diseases.
45
what is ethically wrong with believing that everyone should make his/her own decisions & that life should be fair
With this belief, the needs of society as a whole are ignored.
This leads to a propensity for some people to like to be taken care of
Insufficient resources exist to give everyone a fair share.
Some people think they deserve more than others.
46
nurses often makes resource allocation decisions. Which bestdescribes the criterion the nurse should use in such cases
The cheapest, most economical approach
The most rational probable outcome
The needs of the aggregate rather than a few individuals
The specific moral or ethical principle related to the situation
47
How does managed care attempt to control costs of care?
having families choose a MC network PCP & have no acces to outside services
refusing permission for families to use urgent care or ERservices
have families to use point of service list of individual practiceassociates
By moving Medicaid-eligible families onto state Medicare enrollment
48
Why were nurses so unprepared for public health nursing in the early 20th century?
Nightingale’s textbook did not include content on public health nursing.
Public health nursing had not yet been created as a field.
No one would teach the nurses how to engage in public health activities.
Nurses went to diploma schools that focused on care of hospitalized clients
49
ethically what should a nurse do when a family decline elective interventions due to low resources & money
stress they have a right to health care & family should raise funds
try to convince agency to give them care for free
Talk to media to campaign to try & raise funds
educate family, respect their choice, take no further action
50
Which of the following nurses is famous for creating public health nursing in the UnitedStates?
Frances Root
Florence Nightingale
Mrs. Solomon Loeb
Lillian Wald
51
Which of the following public health nurses most clearly fulfills the responsibilities of thisrole?
nurse who talked to several people about their particular health concerns
The nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies
The nurse who watched the city council meeting on local cable television
nurse who met with several groups to discuss community recreation issues
52
which type of law is looking at when talking about if infected patients should be put into isolation against their will
Constitutional law
Common law
Legislation and regulation
Judicial law
53
How can ethics be applied to public health nursing practice?
Knowing ethics allows nurse to recognize the source of most problems.
legal responsibilities are more important than ethics in practice
Ethics is constantly involved in nurses’ clinical decisions.
Ethics and actual nursing practice are not related.
54
What information about the American Public Health Association should be considered when thinking about joining
APHA focuses on the public health concerns of the medical profession.
APHA represents concerns of nursing specialty practices.
APHA focuses on providing health promotion education to the public.
APHA provides a national forum for nurses to discuss public health concerns
55
Why did the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company establish/retainfirst community nursing health program for policyholders
Having the company’s nurses make home visits increased worker morale.
hiring nurses directly costs less than paying city taxes for the same thing
Creating such a service was the morally correct thing to do.
public health nurses visiting policyholders decreased their deaths & costs
56
What was the significance of the 1979 Surgeon General’s report?
It vastly increased funding for health promotion activities.
It planned goals &priorities for the entire Vet Admin. medicalsystem.
It identified the use of tobacco as a cause of lung cancer.
It created national goals for promoting health and preventing disease.
57
nurse states “It is a wife’s responsibility to care for an ill husband” Which ethical approach is being used by nurse
Principlism
Consequentialism
Deontological ethics
Communitarianism
58
Which of the following best describes the cost of health care in the United States?
Healthcare costs is low & indicators of health are among the best worldwide
Health care costs and indicators of health are the highest in the world.
Healthcare costs = highest & indicators of health = not the best worldwide
Health care costs are low which has resulted in poor health outcomes.
59
Which of the following actions would most likely be performed by a public health nurse?
Use community healthcare institution data & determine needed health service
Asking community leaders what interventions should be chosen
Assessing the community and deciding on appropriate interventions
Working with community groups to create policies to improve the environment
60
Which of the following provides evidence that the US health care system is in crisis? (Selectall that apply.)
Health insurance is an expensive benefit for employers to provide.
Long work hours and provider fatigue are a major factor in medical errors.
Incompetent or negligent nurses are an ongoing source of medical errors.
More punitive measures must be taken to decrease provider errors.
61
Which of the following best explains why the nurse is involved in health care reform efforts?
To address the concerns of nurses
To promote the nursing profession
To help improve health care access
To increase funding for public health nursing
62
Which actions would bemost important for the nurse to complete when encouraging a legislator to vote for a health bill
dont insult the legislator by saying obviousinformation, theyre informed
Allow the legislator or staff to ask questions.
Be friendly and engage in small talk so that rapport can be established.
Have a handout that summarizes all the major points in support of the bill.
63
Which assumption can the nurse make about the low-income population in Massachusetts.
They're unable to have healthcare due to AffordableCare Act implementation
They have difficulty accessing healthcare due to shortage of PCPs
They have access to affordable health care insurance.
They most likely receive health insurance through Medicare.
64
What was the outcome of the Shattuck Report?
Environmental sanitation efforts became an immediate priority.
Local & state governments established boards of health after publication
Efforts to control alcohol & drug abuse, & tobacco use, were initiated.
Guidelines for modern public health organizations were eventually developed
65
one family member is ill, nurse says other members should take turns calling off work, which ethical approach is this
Principlism
Deontology
Communitarianism
Utilitarianism
66
Which of the following best describes community-oriented nursing?
Having the goal of health promotion and disease prevention
Giving direct care to ill individuals with their family setting
Providing care to manage acute or chronic conditions
Focusing on the provision of care to individuals and families
67
nurse states "why do I have to be involved in politics" Which would be the bestresponse from the nursing colleague?
Political action is how you try to fulfill ethical duties to clients
You’re right if you are good clinically, you have fulfilled yourobligation
after your clinical orientation, then you can beinvolved in politics
just pay your membership fee to ANA, then you have made a political effort
68
Which of the following interventions would the nurse most likely have completed by a Marine Health Service nurse in 1800
Providing health care for merchant seamen
Identifying and improving environmental conditions
Setting policy on quarantine legislation for immigrants
Establishing hospital-based programs to care for the sick at home
69
Where will the nurse most likely direct a client with no health insurance to recieve care
Managed care
Physician office
Emergency department
Community health center
70
Making sure that essential community-oriented health services are available defines which core public health functions?
Assurance
Assessment
Policy development
Scientific knowledge-based care
71
Why did American citizens become interested in establishing government-sponsored boardsof health?
They were afraid of infectious diseases such as yellow fever.
Such boards could tax and thereby ensure adequate funds to pay for care.
Such a system would allow for accurate records of births and deaths.
The government could force the poverty-stricken to accept care.
72
A registered nurse was just employed as a public health nurse What is the most relevant question for the nurse to ask
“With which nursing assistants will I partner the most?”
“Which patients should I see first as I begin my day?”
“Which groups are at the greatest risk for problems?”
“With which physicians will I be most closely collaborating?”
73
Which of the following activities is completed by the executive branch of the federalgovernment?
Passage of policy
Administration of policy
Proposal of policy
Interpretation of policy
74
Which of the following is the most crucial factor that will influence program development in a community
Federal funding for priority diseases or groups
Documented needs of the local community
Comprehensive assessment and planning done in the community
Nursing staff’s expertise and skills
75
Which of the following best defines aggregate?
A large group of persons
A collection of individuals and families
A collection of people who share one or more characteristics
Another name for demographic group
76
Which of the following is considered the most important goal in nursing today?
Adapting to technological advances such as electronic medical records
Seeking evidence-based outcomes to show nursings contribution to care
Demonstrating caring as the basis of nursing practice
Distinguishing nursing care from medical care
77
How did Florence Nightingale help bring about community health nursing? (Select all thatapply.)
She help each person assessing his/her needs & acting to meet those needs
she convinced socially prominent wealthy women to volunteer to give care
She kept careful records on what was done and what were the results.
She focused on all soldiers and their environment.
78
Which of the following actions best represents public health nursing?
Providing care to children and their families at the school clinic
Caring for clients in their home following their outpatient surgeries
Administering follow-up care for pediatric clients at an outpatient clinic
Assessing the effectiveness of the high school health clinic
79
which ethical decision = a physican refuses to order pain meds for a drug addict who was badly injuredin a car accident.
Deontological ethics
Virtue ethics
Consequentialism
Communitarianism
80
Which action should the nurse take to influence the bill’s implications, that would decrease healthcare services
Contact the regulatory agency and participate in public hearings.
Call congress members & request they rescind the legislation that waspassed
Exercise veto power by calling for petitions from health care agencies.
Discuss the change in services with the administrators at the hospital.
81
Which of the following is responsible for the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the20th century?
Sanitation and other population-based prevention programs
Advances in surgical techniques and procedures
Technology increases in the field of medical laboratory research
Use of antibiotics to fight infections
82
Which of the following actions demonstrate effective public health nursing practice in thecommunity?
Epidemiologic investigations examine the environment for health hazards.
Partnerships are established with community coalitions.
Staff members at the public health agency continue to increase in number.
New services are organized where particular vulnerable populations live.
83
Which of the following best describes ideal primary health care?
Based on multidisciplinary group of healthcare providers working as a team
Essential care for to all community members, that encouragesself-management
Focused on health promotion & prevention for everyone in thehealth center
Local efforts to meet the Declaration of Alma Ata principles
84
Which of the following is the first and most crucial step in a generic ethical decision-makingprocess?
Identify the ethical issues and dilemmas.
Assess the context or environment in which the decision must be made.
Make a decision and act on it.
Consider the various ethical principles or theories.
85
Which effect will new legislation from the state nursing board have on nurses in this state?
Major, because prudent nurses would follow such regulations
None, because they are just helpful guidelines for maximum safety
None, because they just give specifics that may change over time
Major, cuz these rules & regulations have the effect of law & must beobeyed
86
Which of the following best describes why the public health agency would want to achieve accreditation? (Select all)
To improve performance and quality
To improve health programming and services
To improve management
To improve community relationships
87
Which of the following accomplishments of today was started within the National Organization for Public Health Nursing
Requiring that public health nurses have a baccalaureate degree in nursing
Standardizing public health nursing education
Opening the Henry Street Settlement
Developing public health nursing competencies
88
an immigrant family receives news of having breast cancer & begins to leave, what ethical action should the nurse do
Emphasize the family must set up a surgical appointment for the wife
Interview family about their perspective of threat to family’s well-being
Educating family about the usual treatment & prognosis of breast cancer
Assessing family’s current living situation, insurance and other assets
89
Why would the nurse spend time meeting withcommunity groups to discuss the most important task to be addressed first?
To maintain communication links with the groups
To make the groups feel good about their contribution
To increase the group’s self-esteem
To work with the groups, not for the groups
90
Which client would have been most likely to receive care from the Frontier Nursing Service?
A child with a broken femur
A homebound, elderly male
A woman in labor
An injured soldier
91
Which of the following best defines the word politics?
A provision of power for making decisions
The outcome of governmental policies
The result of legislative action
The art of influencing others
92
2 nurses plan to walk under a bridge where various homeless people live. Why would the nurses go to such an unsafe area?
To distribute some of their own surplus clothes to those who can use them
To demonstrate their courage and commitment
To assess the needs of the homeless who live there
To share with various churches and other charities what is needed
93
How did nursing education change in the 1950s? (Select all that apply.)
Diploma schools of nursing continued to expand their student numbers.
Nurses were encouraged to have a scientific basis for their practice
BSN nursing programs typically included public health nursing concepts.
Junior and community colleges began offering nursing programs.
94
How are ethics and public policies similar?
Both are abstract principles that often differ in actual practice.
Both are achieved by people in high political office who can effect change
Both use general principles in making decisions.
Both strive for the public good.
95
Which of the following interventions would most likely be implemented for a plan to decrease number of premature deaths
timely & effective medical intervention & treatment for communitymembers
Promote healthy lifestyle behavior choices among the community members.
Increase the community’s knowledge about hospice care.
Encourage employers to have wellness centers at each industrial site.
96
What is the nurse trying to achieve by having the womens center write letters to city council for transport services
Express empathy, support, and concern.
Ensure that the women did not expect the nurse to solve their problem.
Demonstrate that the nurses understood the womens concerns & needs
Help the women engage in political action.
97
Which of the following is the primary focus of public health nursing?
Individuals within the family unit
Families and groups
Health care of communities and populations
Illness-oriented care
98
A nursing student during World War II would likely join which group?
The Frontier Nursing Service
The US Public Health Service
The Marine Nurse Corps
The Cadet Nurse Corps
99
Which of the following describe the significance of the passage of The Public Health Threatsand Emergencies Act?
It validated that the public health system was prepared for terrorism.
It funded ongoing activities of the public health system.
It included funding for public health activities.
It led to improved water quality and food safety guidelines.
100
What would be the best time for the nurseto request support from the local senator who isnt looking over the new bill
When the bill is discussed and debated within the committee
When the bill is first assigned to a committee
When the bill passes the Senate and moves to the House of Representatives
When the bill moves out of committee to be heard by the entire Senate
