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AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
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1
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
situational
external
fundamental
internal
2
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the self-serving bias
the Oedipus complex
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
3
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
family
temperament
culture
environment
4
the limbic system plays an important role in
planning for the future
regulating emotion
processing sensory information
maintaining balance
5
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a mean that is the same as the median
a probability of chance less than 5%
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a correlation coefficient close to .75
6
which is an example of an implicit memory
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
remembering how to tie your shoelace
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recognizing a celebrity
7
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
add : decrease
remove : punish
remove : decrease
remove : increase
8
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
psychodynamic
evolutionary
humanistic
cognitive
9
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
eidetic memory
procedural memory
episodic memory
semantic memory
10
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unfulfilled needs
neurochemical imbalances
unhealthy attributional styles
learned associations
11
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
anal stage
phallic stage
latency period
oral stage
12
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
proactive interference
semantic encoding
state-dependent memory
long-term potentiation
13
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
unconditioned response
stimulus generalization
14
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
case study
naturalistic observation
correlation study
experiment
15
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
touch
sight
balance
hearing
16
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
social-cognitive
trait
humanist
psychoanalyst
17
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
environmental factors that influence intelligence
nonessential subjects like art and music
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
18
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
humanistic
psychodynamic
evolutionary
biological
19
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-fulfilling prophecy
cognitive dissonance
self-serving bias
fundamental attribution error
20
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
Gage's area
hippocampus
21
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
convergence
linear perspective
retinal disparity
closure
22
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
behavior shaping
law of effect
higher-order conditioning
token economy
23
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
factor analysis
unconditional positive regard
secondary central dispositions
defense mechanisms
24
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
long-term memory
procedural memory
short-term memory
sensory memory
25
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
id, ego, and superego
traits, the environment, and behavior
26
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
divergent thinking
a mental set
low experiential intelligence
belief perseverance
27
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
contralateral control
effective psychological environment
hemispheric lateralization
neuroplasticity
28
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
optic nerve
fovea
feature detectors
optic chiasm
29
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
standard deviation
counterbalancing
inferential statistics
descriptive statistics
30
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
31
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
circadian rhythm
daily activities
personalities
sleep cycles
32
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
double blind study
single blind study
Hawthorne effect
33
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebral cortex
pons
hypothalamus
cerebellum
34
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
intrinsic motivation
primary drives
need for achievement
extrinsic motivation
35
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
James-Lange theory of emotion
Yerkes-Dodson law
36
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
37
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
38
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
hormones jump from one axon to the next
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
physical contact between dendrites
39
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
confirmation bias
inattentional blindness
representativeness heuristic
framing effects
40
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
make new friends
go for a run
eat a meal
pursue a romantic interest
41
light enters the eye through an opening in the
fovea
iris
blind spot
retina
42
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
social
dispositional
behavioral
situational
43
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
adrenaline
serotonin
dopamine
44
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are unable to detect motion
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are located in the center of the retina
respond more quickly to colors
45
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
pitch of the tone
amplitude of the wave
frequency of the wave
transduction of the wave
46
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
out-group homogeneity
superordinate goals
stereotyping
scapegoating
47
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
presence of an authority figure
placebo effect
wearing guard uniforms
size of the group
48
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
obsessive-compulsive disorder
antisocial personality disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
49
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
antagonists
tolerance
dissociation
activation-synthesis
50
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
51
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
social learning theory
the overjustification effect
latent learning
the law of effect
52
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
mere-exposure effect
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
deindividuation
central route persuasion
53
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
parenting style
hormones released in the womb
traumatic childhood experiences
masculine/feminine personality traits
54
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
medulla
hypothalamus
amygdala
cerebellum
55
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the reconstructive nature of memory
the rate at which people forget information
the serial position effect
56
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
episodic memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
recall
retroactive memory
57
What is the purpose of the DSM
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
58
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
psychoanalytic
cognitive
behavioral
evolutionary
59
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
hindsight bias
self-serving bias
overconfidence
a theory
60
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
IQ test
EQ test
achievement test
aptitude test
61
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
group polarization
social facilitation
deindividuation
groupthink
62
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
63
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
schizophrenic
anixety
dissociative
personality
64
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
65
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
positive psychology
psychometrics
health psychology
social psychology
66
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
67
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
signal detection theory
difference threshold
bottom up processing
absolute threshold
68
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
triarchic
projective
standardized
achievement
69
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
touch
sight
hearing
smell
70
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
psychoanalytic
trait
cognitive
humanistic
71
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
humanistic
psychoanalytic
trait
biological
72
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
biomedical interventions
secondary preventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
talking to a patient
73
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
substance abuse and dependence
inappropriate or flat affect
disconnection from reality and delusions
74
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
self-serving bias
Barnum effect
false consensus effect
just world bias
75
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
endocrine system
serotonin system
sympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
76
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
risk of psychological harm
violation of confidentiality
lack of debriefing
lack of informed consent
77
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
social-cognitive study
developmental study
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
78
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
William James
B.F. Skinner
Carl Rogers
Albert Bandura
79
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
predictive validity
content validity
split-half reliability
test-retest reliability
80
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
object permanence
conservation
attachment
universal ethical principles
81
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
corpus callosum
hippocampus
medulla oblongata
prefrontal cortex
82
the somatic nervous system is part of the
sympathetic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
83
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
84
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychologist
personality psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
85
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
range
standard deviation
mean
median
86
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
morpheme
grapheme
holobase
phoneme
87
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
mirror neurons
sublimation
latent learning
modeling
88
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
generalized anxiety disorder
major depressive disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
89
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
conscious level and non conscious level
role theory and dissociation theory
manifest content and latent content
90
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
movement and electrical shocks
performing a task and receiving food
punishment and aversion
nausea and food or drink
91
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
transduction theory
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
92
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
accommodation
discrimination
assimilation
habituation
93
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
heightened manifest dream content
sleep apnea and night terrors
94
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
low warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
95
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
84
95
68
50
96
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
counterconditioning
rational emotive behavior therapy
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
97
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
social facilitation theory
opponent process theory
James-Lange theory
Schachter two-factor theory
98
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
early 20s
late 40s
mid 30s
puberty
99
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
at what age can children reason abstractly
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
100
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
relearning effect
leading questions
proactive interference
brain injury
101
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
archetypes
functional fixedness
repressed memories
inferiority complexes
102
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
myelin
terminal button
synaptic cleft
neurotransmiters
103
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
fetal alcohol syndrome
Down syndrome
mental retardation
autism spectrum disorder
104
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
105
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
106
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
107
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
understanding what was said to her
moving her left hand
speaking aloud
solving a logic problem
108
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
individualism
in-group bias
self-serving bias
compliance strategies
109
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
continuous
secondary
primary
partial
110
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
sensory adaptation
frequency theory
absolute threshold
difference threshold
111
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
language acquisition device
phonemes and morphemes
serial position effect
linguistic relativity hypothesis
112
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
post-traumatic stress disorder
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
113
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
delta waves
beta waves
sleep spindles
alpha waves
114
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
diffusion of responsibility
superordinate goals
deindividuation
group polarization
115
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Moro
rooting
Babinski
stepping
116
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
aptitude measures
standardization
test-retest reliability
construct validity
117
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
fixed intervals; variable ratios
schedules; punishers
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
learned responses; physiological reactions
118
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
range
median
standard deviation
mean
119
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
conscientiousness
openness
extraversion
neuroticism
120
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
secondary drives and needs
parenting styles
genetics and nutrition
unconscious conflicts
121
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
major depressive disorder
Parkinson's disease
autism
Alzheimer's disease
122
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social facilitation
social roles
conformity
disinhibition
123
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that primates can make and use tools
the importance of physical contact to development
that language is a uniquely human skill
124
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
L-Dopa
lithium
SSRIs
benzodiazepines
125
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
pens, pencils, and a computer
four legs and a seat
a desk and/or table
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
126
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
representative assignment
random sampling
random assignment
assignment to conditions
127
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
displacement
projection
reaction formation
sublimation
128
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
fluid intelligence
aptitude intelligence
crystallized intelligence
multiple intelligences
129
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
increasing group polarization within different groups
responding to deindividuation among group members
130
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-approach
approach-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
avoidance-avoidance
131
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
well below the average of 200
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
slightly above average
132
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
rTMS
PET
MRI
EEG
133
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
134
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
behavioral
pharmacological
structuralist
cognitive
135
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
136
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sensory adaptation
sound localization
detecting absolute threshold
hearing high frequencies
137
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
myelination of brain neurons
secure attachment with parents
early gross motor practice
concrete operational exercises
138
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
client-centered therapy
REBT
token economies
systematic desensitization
139
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebral cortex
medulla
sensory cortex
cerebellum
140
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
gender schema theory
principle of continuity
the social role hypothesis
linguistic relativity hypothesis
141
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reduce : stereotypes
reward : punishment
ignore : adaptation
assimilate : accomodate
142
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
approach-avoidance
postconventional
theory Y
James-Lange
143
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
biological theory
social cognitive theroy
psychodynamic theory
trait theory
144
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
cut with a knife
clap their hands
write with a pencil
say a sentence
145
which structure is part of the inner ear
tympanic membrane
basilar membrane
malleus (hammer)
auditory canal
146
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
variances
normally distributed
modes
outliers
147
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
specific changes in the brain
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
148
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
reciprocity norm
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
out-group homogeneity
149
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
attachment
parenting style
assimilation
motor development
150
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
classical conditioning
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
observational learning
151
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
low self-esteem
an extraverted personality
high self-efficacy
a strong superego
152
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
continuous
fixed variable
fixed ratio
variable interval
153
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
believe in God
have been exposed to good, moral role models
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
be able to take another person's perspective
154
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
gestalt therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
free association
electro-convulsive shock therapy
155
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
observational learning
counterconditioning
insight learning
latent learning
156
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
rods
cornea
cones
optic nerve
157
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his research wasn't representative of the population
158
Which is most closely associated with creativity
functional fixedness
divergent thinking
contextual intelligence
hypothesis testing
159
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
modeling
positive reinforcement
160
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
top-down and bottom-up processing
proximity and similarity
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
binocular and monocular cues
161
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
achieving physiological homeostasis
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
162
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychiatrist
cognitive psychotherapist
psychoanalyst
clinical psychologist
163
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate lacks object permanence