All of the following are characteristics of P waves except:

It shears rock sideways at right angles

The different processes that break down rocks into soil.

What is the major benefit of having a healthy ozone layer?

It prevents most UV-B from reaching earth's surface.

Where do active volcanoes occur?

Where magma reaches the earth's surface through a vent/crack

What is sedimentary rock?

Made of dead plant and animal remains and weathered rocks.

Which one of the following does NOT describe characteristics of the earth's core?

It is the zone of hot, partly-melted rock that flows.

What is the focus of an earthquake?

Place where an earthquake begins, below surface.

Which of the following regarding tectonic plates is true?

Much geologic activity at the surface occurs at boundaries

All of the following are characteristics of the stratosphere except:

Its concentration of ozone is extremely low.

The texture of metamorphic rocks due to alignment & pressure

Land area that delivers water & sediment to a major stream.

What is an earthquake?

Shaking of ground caused by fracturing/displacement of rock

When does desertification occur? (Choose all that apply).

When overgrazing and deforestation reduce/degrade topsoil., When productive potential of topsoil falls by >10%

All of the following are characteristics of a Love wave except:

It rolls like ocean waves, up-down and sideways

How is the thermohaline conveyor belt driven by changes in both temperature and salinity?

It is driven by the resulting changes in density of water

List examples of the following, in order: sedimentary rock, metamorphic rock, igneous rock.

Bituminous coal; marble; granite

Which of the following correctly lists, by (%), the present-day composition of the atmosphere?

Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, CO2, Water vapor, trace gases

Which of the following are examples of ozone-depleting chemicals (indicate all that apply).

Hexachlorobutadiene, Methyl bromide (fumigant) and hydrogen chloride, Halons and HBFCs (used in fire extinguishers)., Carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform, n-propyl bromide

Why does climate vary in different parts of the earth?

All of the options are correct reasons.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the Ogallala Aquifer in the United States?

It has forced the Great Plains to become a barren farmland.

All of the following describe a transition zone except:

The water is faster flowing, and has more DO.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding nutrient cycling in tropical rain forests?

The nutrients sit within the bedrock.

Which of the following describe the characteristics of a shield volcano?

Very gentle slopes; convex upward; quiet; fluid lava flows

Which of the following are characteristics of the rock cycle?

It is the slowest of the earth's cyclic processes., It plays a major role in forming concentrated deposits, Rocks are broken down, melted, fused together and heated.

What is climate? (Click all that apply).

General patterns that occur over at least 3 decades, An area's general pattern of atmospheric conditions

What is the atmosphere?

A thin blanket of gases surround earth, divided into layers.

What are trade winds? (Choose all that apply).

Pattern of easterly surface winds in the tropics, In N. Hemisphere: N to E; in S. Hemisphere: S. to E, Surface winds that blow East to West

What is the Coriolis effect? (Choose all that may apply).

The effect is strongest at the poles, nonexistent at equator, Occurs due to the rotation of the Earth on its axis., The apparent curvature of global winds and ocean currents.

Describe the process that forms oceanic ridges.

When oceanic plates move apart, magma flows through cracks.

Which of the following describe the Ring of Fire?

All of preceding options are correct.

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of floods?

Kill thousands of people and cause much property damage.

All of the following can cause tsunamis except:

All of these can cause tsunamis.

Characterize the following by plate boundary: Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Himalayas, San Andreas fault

Divergent; convergent; transform

All of the following are characteristics of a mineral except:

Contains large enough concentration of particular mineral

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement regarding water on the earth?

Freshwater systems cover over 2.2% of the earth's surface.

Describe the process in which stratospheric ozone forms.

Oxygen molecules in the stratosphere interact with UV

Which of the following does NOT describe the process of upwelling?

Occurs when cold water is pushed away & warm water rises.

What is mass extinction?

The extinction of many species in a relatively short period

Which of the following is not an effect of El Nino?

Hurricanes in Hawaii, Brazil, and Ecuador.

Coastal land areas covered with water all/part of the year.

Which of the following describe volcanic hotspots? (Click all that apply).

They are created by anomalous volcanism, They are places within the mantle where magma is generated., An example is the Hawaiian volcanoes within the Pac. Plate

A crown fire recently broke out in Fremont, destroying many trees. What is a valid projection?

Soil erosion will increase b/c of the lack of trees.

studbud

Earth Systems

100 termsStudBud Administration18 plays

AP Environmental Science review covering Earth Systems. #apenvironmentalscience #apes #earthsystems #scholars #academy #mrcarter

Flashcards100 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 100

Answers

1
All of the following are characteristics of P waves except:
They can travel through both solid rock and liquid material.
It shears rock sideways at right angles
It moves like sound waves (spreads out, compresses, dilutes)
They are fastest type of wave
2
What is weathering?
Internal processes that build up the earth's surface.
The climactic changes in weather.
The different processes that break down rocks into soil.
When acid deposition quickly breaks down monuments.
3
About 75-80% of the earth's air mass is found in the
Exosphere
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Thermosphere
4
What is the major benefit of having a healthy ozone layer?
It prevents both UV-B and UV-C from reaching earth.
It prevents most UV-B from reaching earth's surface.
It prevents UV-C from reaching earth's surface.
It blocks all harmful waves of radiation.
5
Where do active volcanoes occur?
Where magma reaches the earth's surface through a vent/crack
Only in hotspots, such as Hawaii.
Never along plate boundaries.
Where lava reaches the earth's surface through a vent/crack.
6
What is sedimentary rock?
Forms when rock undergoes high temperatures or pressures.
Examples include sandstone, shale, slate, and marble.
Made of dead plant and animal remains and weathered rocks.
Forms below or on earth's surface when lava cools.
7
Which one of the following does NOT describe characteristics of the earth's core?
It is extremely hot and has a solid inner part.
It is the earth's innermost zone.
It is the zone of hot, partly-melted rock that flows.
It is surrounded by a liquid core of molten/semisolid matter
8
What is the focus of an earthquake?
Located above the surface.
Place where an earthquake begins, below surface.
Located directly above epicenter
Located where an earthquake ends.
9
Which of the following regarding tectonic plates is true?
They do not cause/form mountains, volcanoes, or earthquakes.
Much geologic activity at the surface occurs at boundaries
Continental plates usually ride below oceanic plates.
Tectonic plates' boundaries are not active at the surface.
10
All of the following are characteristics of the stratosphere except:
It contains less matter than the troposphere
It volume of water vapor is 1/1000 that of the troposphere.
Extends about 17 to 48 km above earth's surface.
Its concentration of ozone is extremely low.
11
What is foliation?
Scratchability, or hardness, of
Ability of a mineral to break, when struck, along directions
The ratio of mass of substance to mass of volume of water
The texture of metamorphic rocks due to alignment & pressure
12
What is a watershed?
Land area that delivers water & sediment to a major stream.
The saturation of soil with water, flooding the water table.
Rough measure of volume of water we use to support ourselves
Upper surface of the zone of saturation.
13
What is an earthquake?
Shaking caused by formation of convergent plates
Shaking of ground caused by fracturing/displacement of rock
When energy suddenly forms and causes underground vibrations
Shaking caused by fracturing of divergent plate boundary
14
When does desertification occur? (Choose all that apply).
When overgrazing and deforestation reduce/degrade topsoil.
When forest fires prevent erosion from occurring.
When deforestation allows for more annual plants to grow.
When productive potential of topsoil falls by >10%
15
Two examples of igneous rock include:
Marble and slate
Sandstone and shale
Lava rock and granite
Limestone and lignite
16
All of the following are characteristics of a Love wave except:
It rolls like ocean waves, up-down and sideways
It moves the ground from side to side at right angles.
It is a surface wave that moves like S waves.
It is very damaging to the foundations of structures.
17
How is the thermohaline conveyor belt driven by changes in both temperature and salinity?
It is driven by the amount of species capable surviving.
It is driven by changes in air pressure.
It is driven by the resulting changes in density of water
It is driven by temperature only.
18
List examples of the following, in order: sedimentary rock, metamorphic rock, igneous rock.
Lava rock; marble; lignite
Bituminous coal; marble; granite
Granite; slate; dolomite
Dolomite; granite; marble
19
Which of the following correctly lists, by (%), the present-day composition of the atmosphere?
Nitrogen, oxygen, CO2, argon, water vapor, trace gases
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, CO2, Water vapor, trace gases
CO2, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, water vapor, trace gases.
Oxygen, nitrogen, argon, CO2, water vapor, trace gases
20
All of the following describe air circulation cells except:
They are caused by the Coriolis effect.
They are also known as ENSO.
Global air circulation patterns caused by uneven heating.
They include, from equator to poles: Hadley, Ferrel, Polar.
21
Which of the following are examples of ozone-depleting chemicals (indicate all that apply).
Hexachlorobutadiene
Methyl bromide (fumigant) and hydrogen chloride
Halons and HBFCs (used in fire extinguishers).
Carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform, n-propyl bromide
22
Why does climate vary in different parts of the earth?
Global air circulation patterns distribution
All of the options are correct reasons.
Uneven heating of the earth's surface by the sun.
Ocean currents distribute heat and precipitation unevenly.
23
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the Ogallala Aquifer in the United States?
It lies under 8 midwestern states
It is the world's largest known aquifer.
It has forced the Great Plains to become a barren farmland.
It supplies about 1/3 of all groundwater in the USA.
24
All of the following describe a transition zone except:
The water can be more turbid from suspended sediment.
Main streams merge to form wider, deeper, warmer streams
More fish species with lower O2 demand are supported.
The water is faster flowing, and has more DO.
25
Which of the following is NOT true regarding nutrient cycling in tropical rain forests?
Nutrient uptake by plants is improved by fungi.
The majority of nutrients are locked up in vegetation.
Decaying matter is processed quickly b/c of many decomposers
The nutrients sit within the bedrock.
26
What are the most widely used nonmetallic minerals?
Phosphate salts and gravel.
Sand and phosphate salts.
Sand and limestone.
Sand and gravel.
27
Which of the following describe the characteristics of a shield volcano?
Gentle lower slopes, but steep upper slopes; explosive
Very small; less than 300m high
Very gentle slopes; convex upward; quiet; fluid lava flows
Steep conical hill with straight sides; explosive
28
Which of the following are characteristics of the rock cycle?
It is the slowest of the earth's cyclic processes.
It plays a major role in forming concentrated deposits
Rocks are broken down, melted, fused together and heated.
It involves, in order: erosion, weathering, transportation.
29
What is climate? (Click all that apply).
Short-term atmospheric conditions that change often
Weather patterns of the last week averaged together.
General patterns that occur over at least 3 decades
An area's general pattern of atmospheric conditions
30
The roots of most plants and the majority of a soil's organic matter are concentrated in:
The O horizon and A horizon
The A horizon and B horizon
The O horizon only.
The A horizon and E horizon
31
What is the atmosphere?
A blanket of gases with a homogeneous density of molecules.
A thin blanket of gases surround earth, divided into layers.
Blanket of gases that increases in pressure with altitude.
A thick blanket of gases consisting of spherical layers.
32
The largest circulation of water on earth is a direct result of changes in:
Wind patterns and salinity.
Temperature and salinity.
Temperature and precipitation
Temperature and wind patterns.
33
What are trade winds? (Choose all that apply).
Pattern of easterly surface winds in the tropics
They form the Ferrel cells
In N. Hemisphere: N to E; in S. Hemisphere: S. to E
Surface winds that blow East to West
34
Which of the following describe an El Niño effect (see image below)?
I and II only.
I, II, III, and IV.
I, II, IV only
I, II, III only.
35
What is the Coriolis effect? (Choose all that may apply).
The effect is strongest at the poles, nonexistent at equator
It is the weakest at the poles, strongest at equator.
Occurs due to the rotation of the Earth on its axis.
The apparent curvature of global winds and ocean currents.
36
Describe the process that forms oceanic ridges.
When continental plates move apart, causing magma to rise.
When two oceanic plates collide.
When oceanic plates move apart, magma flows through cracks.
When plates slide and grind past one another.
37
Which of the following describe the Ring of Fire?
All of preceding options are correct.
It is where about 90% of all earthquakes occur.
Located at edges of Pacific Ocean, at plate boundaries.
String of volcanoes and seismic activity sites
38
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of floods?
Support biodiversity & aquatic ecological services.
Kill thousands of people and cause much property damage.
Create and deposit nutrient-rich silt in floodplains.
Recharge groundwater & help refill wetlands.
39
All of the following can cause tsunamis except:
When the ocean floor suddenly rises or drops
A landslide caused by an earthquake
When certain types of faults in ocean floor move up or down
All of these can cause tsunamis.
40
Characterize the following by plate boundary: Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Himalayas, San Andreas fault
Convergent; divergent; transform
Transform; convergent; divergent
Divergent; convergent; transform
Divergent; transform; convergent
41
All of the following are characteristics of a mineral except:
It is an element or inorganic ompound
May have a regularly repeating internal atomic arrangement
Occurs naturally in the earth's crust as crystalline solid
Contains large enough concentration of particular mineral
42
Which of the following is NOT a correct statement regarding water on the earth?
Freshwater systems cover over 2.2% of the earth's surface.
Interconnected oceans cover 90% of earth's ocean hemisphere
Salty oceans contain 97% of the earth's water.
Salty oceans cover 71% of the earth's surface.
43
Describe the process in which stratospheric ozone forms.
Oxygen reacts with UV to form photochemical smog.
Oxygen molecules in the stratosphere interact with UV
Oxygen in the troposphere interacts with UV radiation.
Oxygen molecules interact with particulate matter
44
Which of the following does NOT describe the process of upwelling?
Usually takes place along certain steep coastal areas.
During El Nino, it is reduced along the Peruvian coast.
Occurs when cold water is pushed away & warm water rises.
Movement of nutrient-rich bottom water to ocean's surface.
45
A soil with 30% clay, 50% sand, and 20% silt is called:
Loamy Sand
Sandy Loam
Sandy Clay
Sandy Clay Loam
46
What is mass extinction?
When an existing species outcompetes another.
The extinction of many species in a relatively short period
When global changes occur in climactic conditions.
When a single species can no longer be found on Earth.
47
Which of the following is not an effect of El Nino?
Droughts in southern Africa, India, Sri Lanka, and Australia
Hurricanes in Hawaii, Brazil, and Ecuador.
Flooding in Bolivia, Ecuador, Northern Peru, and Cuba.
Hurricanes in Tahiti and Hawaii.
48
What type of irrigation uses underground water sprayed from mobile booms with sprinklers?
Center Pivot
Rotary System
Drip Irrigation
Gravity Flow
49
What are estuaries?
Harsh coastal ecosystems with only occasional water changes
Unproductive ecosystems with low nutrient levels.
Coastal land areas covered with water all/part of the year.
When rivers meet the sea, mixing water as well as nutrients
50
Which of the following describe volcanic hotspots? (Click all that apply).
They are created by anomalous volcanism
They are places within the mantle where magma is generated.
They are located along the Pacific Plate boundaries
An example is the Hawaiian volcanoes within the Pac. Plate
51
A crown fire recently broke out in Fremont, destroying many trees. What is a valid projection?
Soil erosion will increase b/c of the lack of trees.
Another fire will break out soon.
It will start raining more in the area for compensation
Soil erosion will decrease due to new plants after the fire.
52
Which of the following describe La Niña?
Usually causes cooler than normal temperatures.
Usually causes with warm ocean temperatures in Pacific Ocean
Climate pattern that describes cooling of surface waters
Occurs along the tropical west coast of South America.
53
Several volcanoes have erupted in Fremont since 2010. What is a plausible prediction?
A volcanic summer.
A volcanic winter.
A decrease in the amount of sulfur in the air.
A decrease in the amount of air pollution.
54
Which of the following are true regarding the process of desalination? (Select all that apply).
Saudi Arabia gets ~70% of its drinking water from it.
Methods include distillation and reverse osmosis.
It does not involve using chemicals to sterilize water.
It involves removing dissolved salts from ocean/salty water.
55
Which of the following would conserve soil?
High-yield polyculture
Soil salinization
Aquifer depletion
Monocultures
56
What are Hadley cells? (Choose all that apply).
They involve the prevailing westerlies.
Convection currents that cycle N & S of the poles.
Large scale atmospheric convection cells
Where air rises at equator and sinks at medium latitudes.
57
Which of the following is NOT a true statement regarding earth's water composition?
Groundwater makes up 30.1% of earth's freshwater.
Ground ice & permafrost hold only 30% of surface freshwater
Glaciers and ice caps make up 68.7% of the freshwater.
The atmosphere contains 3% of the surface freshwater.
58
All of the following are characteristics of an S wave except:
Not very damaging to structures.
They are a slower type of secondary wave
it shears rock sideways at right angles
It cannot propagate in the liquid parts of the earth
59
Volcanoes spew ash into the air, causing a volcanic winter. This is an example of what?
Positive feedback (more ash, greater heating of surface).
Negative feedback (more ash, greater albedo effect)
Negative feedback (more ash, less cold penetrating surface)
A positive feedback loop (more ash, weaker albedo effect)
60
All of the following describe internal geologic processes except:
Processes that may form mountains and volcanoes.
Processes generated by heat from the earth's interior
Processes that build up the earth's surface
Processes driven directly or indirectly by solar energy.
61
What is a rock?
A concentration of naturally occurring material from crust.
It is made only of sediments.
Contains large enough concentrations of a profitable mineral
A solid combination of one or more minerals found in crust.
62
What are/were CFCs used for?
All of the following are/were uses for CFCs.
Coolants in air conditioners and refrigerators
Propellants in aerosol spray cans
Cleaners for electric parts such as computer chips
63
What type of irrigation usually comes from an aqueduct system or a nearby river? (<80% effic.)
Drip Irrigation
Gravity Flow
Center Pivot
Rotary System
64
Which of the following does NOT involve the iron catastrophe?
Silicon and oxygen were moved to form the mantle and crust.
When iron flowed toward the interior because of gravity.
When the melting point of iron was reached.
When heavy elements such as Al and Na moved to the core.
65
All of the following are benefits of volcanic eruptions except:
They reduce the loss of human life.
They form majestic mountains
The weathering of lava contributes to fertile soil.
They form lakes (e.g. Crater Lake)
66
What is high-grade ore?
Identified resources from which we can extract minerals
It is not as profitable as low-grade ore.
It contains a small concentration of the desired mineral.
It contains a large concentration of the desired mineral.
67
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the Colorado River?
It has experienced prolonged drought since 1999.
Its water is used to produce about 1% of all US crops
Little from the river reaches the sea due to overuse.
Water from the river supports cities in desert-like climate.
68
What is seafloor spreading?
Movement & spreading of ocean crust above continental crust.
Spreading of ocean crust solely due to earthquakes.
Formation of new ocean crust as result of magma pushing up.
When lava pushes & spreads seafloor u from subsurface.
69
Please list the layers of the atmosphere in order (starting from layer nearest to surface).
Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere
Troposp., Stratosp., Mesosphere, Thermosp., Exosphere
Thermosphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Troposphere
Stratosphere, Troposphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere
70
Which of the following is NOT a reason why some consider a projected extinction rate of 1% low?
Rates are likely to increase sharply in the next century.
Extinction rates were completely miscalculated.
We continue to eliminate biologically diverse environments.
Current rates in certain areas are already much higher.
71
All of the following are ways in which metamorphic rock forms except:
When chemically active fluids reform preexisting rocks.
When animal and plant remains are deposited in layers.
When rock is subjected to high temperatures
When preexisting rock is subjected to high pressures
72
What are tectonic plates?
A zone of hot, melted rock that flows like plastic.
The flows of energy and heated material in convection cells.
The outermost and thinnest zone of the earth.
Areas of the lithosphere that move slowly around the mantle.
73
What is the lithosphere?
The combination of both the crust and the outer mantle.
It includes only the continental and oceanic crusts.
It is the outermost and thinnest zone of the earth.
It consists only of the layer above the asthenosphere.
74
What is biological extinction?
The destruction of an entire ecosystem.
The depletion of a commercially-valuable species.
The complete disappearance of a species from the earth.
The disappearance of a population, or group of organisms.
75
What is salinity?
The measure of dissolved salt in water in general.
The measure of salinity and its impact on turbidity.
The measure of dissolved salt in oceanic water.
The measure of turbidity and salt averaged together.
76
Which indirect effect directly impacts seasons?
The angle of the moon.
The earth's rotation and its tilt of 23.5 degrees.
The rotation of the earth around the sun.
Differences in solar intensity and day length.
77
All of the following are characteristics of Rayleigh waves except:
It travels like rolling ocean waves.
Move both vertically and horizontally in a vertical plane.
It travels faster than Love waves.
Do not produce perpendicular or transverse waves
78
Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with widespread use of desalination?
All of these options are problems regarding desalination.
Need for large pipes and chemicals, which kills marine life
Huge amounts of salty wastewater produced.
High cost due to expensive energy needed for removing salt.
79
Which soil horizon(s) contain(s) most of a soil's inorganic matter? (Choose all that may apply)
A Horizon
R Horizon
C Horizon
B Horizon
80
Chemists Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina were known for their work regarding
Persistent CFCs and how they destroy protective ozone.
CFCs and how they destroy "good" ozone in troposphere.
Climate change caused excess atmospheric CO2.
Climate change caused by lingering CFC propellants.
81
What is weather? (Click all that may apply).
The general pattern of atmospheric conditions over time.
Includes several factors in a given area over a short period
A set of physical conditions of the lower atmosphere
The averaged conditions of a given area over much time.
82
Which of the following describe the characteristics of a cinder cone volcano?
Very large, approx. 1-10km in diameter.
Steep conical hill with straight sides.
Gentle lower slopes, but steep upper slopes; concave upward
Very gentle slopes; convex upward.
83
What type of irrigation is b/w 90-95% efficient and delivers water to individual plant roots?
Gravity Flow
Rotary systems
LEPA Center pivot
Drip Irrigation
84
Which of the following is NOT true regarding perennial crops?
Perennials result in more soil erosion than annuals.
They can live for many years without having to be replanted.
They are better adapted to regional soil than annuals.
There is no need to till the soil.
85
All of the following are characteristic of floodplain zones except:
Streams join into wider, deeper rivers
Water is never muddy, and contains low amounts of silt.
Fairly large populations are usually supported.
Water has higher temperatures and less dissolved oxygen
86
What type of boundary forms when oceanic plates slide & grind past one another along fractures?
A trench boundary
A transform fault
Oceanic ridges
A subduction zone
87
Briefly describe the process of subduction.
When oceanic plates move apart, creating ocean ridges.
Continental crust rides over and pushes down oceanic plate.
Oceanic plate rides over and pushes continental into mantle.
When oceanic and continental plates collide and rise up.
88
Which of the following events are capable of causing mudslides? (Choose all that apply).
Heavy rains
Earthquakes
Droughts
Volcanic eruptions
89
Which of the following statements regarding freshwater is NOT true?
Only about 0.024% of all water is readily available to us.
1/6 people do not have sufficient access to clean water
It is one of the most important forms of natural capital.
Water is a well-managed & appreciated resource.
90
What are inland wetlands?
They are always seasonal wetlands.
Lands located away from coastal areas covered in freshwater.
Lands near coastal areas covered in salty water.
Lands away from the coast covered in water for a short time
91
All of the following are characteristics of a stratovolcano except:
large, approx. 1-10 km in diameter
Gentle lower slopes, but steep upper slopes; concave upward
Explosive; numerous layers of lava
Very quiet; volcanic materials consist of cinders.
92
Which of the following are characteristics of atmospheric pressure? (Check all that apply)
It is the force caused by the bombardment of molecules
It is the force, or mass, per unit area of a column of air.
Decreases with altitude.
Would be weakest at sea level.
93
All of the following describe a source zone except:
Most of the plants are algae and mosses attached to rocks.
Water tumbles downward over obstacles, dissolving O2
Where headwaters are usually shallow, cold, clear, and swift
Populated by warm-water fish needing dissolved oxygen.
94
What are aquatic life zones? (Choose all that apply).
They only contain oceans, bays and estuaries.
They include only lakes, rivers, streams.
Saltwater and freshwater portions of the biosphere
They are portions that are able to support life.
95
Please list the different concentric zones of the earth, starting from the inner-most layer.
Crust, asthenosphere, mantle, core
Asthenosphere, crust, mantle, core
Core, mantle, asthenosphere, crust
Core, asthenosphere, mantle, crust
96
All of the following are characteristics of the formation of oceanic gyres except:
They move cold water from the poles to the equator.
They bring cool air to coastline, warm air to continents
They move clockwise in the N. Hemisphere
They form when water moves direction of prevailing winds
97
What is a tributary?
A smaller stream flowing into a
A smaller river flowing into a smaller one.
A smaller river/stream flowing into a larger river or lake.
Areas nearest the river's course that are often flooded.
98
What is natural recharge?
Natural replenishment of a watershed in a sensitive area.
Natural replenishment of an aquifer by precipitation.
Natural restoration of valuable resources such as trees.
Natural process of restoring nitrates into soil.
99
What natural services do inland wetlands provide? (Choose all that may apply).
Maintaining biodiversity by providing habitats.
Natural recharge of groundwater aquifers.
Reducing flooding, erosion, and overflows.
Filtering and degrading toxic wastes and pollutants.
100
What is the Tectonic Cycle?
Climate change, geographic barriers, extinction, & volcanoes
Sum of processes that build up & break down the lithosphere
Sum of methods that build up & break down the asthenosphere
Theory that lithosphere made up of plates that always move.

Earth Systems Flashcards | StudBud