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PY 425 Trivia
PY 425 Trivia
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Fall 2019 PY 425 Trivia, Avila University
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1
When not active, neurons have a negative electrical charge. This is referred to as:
resting membrane potential
action potential
all-or-none principle
none of the above
2
Specific knowledge regarding important events during World War II is an example of:
generative intelligence
fluid intelligence
applying intelligence
crystallized intelligence
3
What does Piaget call the process of changing or modifying a schema in response to environmental factors?
conservation
assimilation
accommodation
maturation
4
Good clinical interviewers tend to:
be trained within a particular theoretical position
be those who get the most information from the client
be nonjudgmental and trusting
have a high IQ
5
Myelin is like the:
thermostat of a heater
insulation of a wire
tuning dial of a radio
layers of a cake
6
Harlow’s research with infant monkeys demonstrated that:
fear inhibits the development of attachment behaviors
fear produces a preference for contact comfort over food
fear can be reduced by food
when fearful, infant monkeys lose their appetites
7
The fact that Little Albert learned fear toward not only a white rat but also a ball of wool and a rabbit represents:
reconditioning
generalization
discrimination
second-order conditioning
8
The current view is that a mental disorder is caused by:
emotions
unconscious conflicts
parent and peer modeling
biological and environmental factors
9
A relatively permanent change in behavior that is not due to maturation but is due to experience is called:
operant shaping
habituation
behaviorism
learning
10
A scatterplot is a good graph for showing a:
correlation
range
median
statistic
11
Visual acuity reaches adult levels in a child:
within weeks after birth
by the 1st grade
at about age 10
at approximately 1 year
12
What is the name of the theory that behaviors that lead to rewarded outcomes will be repeated?
the law of effect
the learning and reward effect
the reward of learning theory
the law of conditioning theory
13
Which of the following factors is NOT a cause of deindividuation?
anonymity
group identification
lack of responsibility
arousal
14
The strange-situation test was designed to allow psychologists to assess:
how infants respond to separation and reunion with their mothers
the level of social skill an infant has acquired
a mother’s response to a fearful infant
an infant’s tendencies to seek or avoid novelty
15
When a researcher who is collecting data does NOT know a study’s hypothesis, the study is a:
blind study
reactivity study
meta-analytic study
confounded study
16
Attributions are our attempts to explain:
preferences
all of these
traits
motives
17
A(n) _____ provides an explanation of how an observable phenomenon works.
hypothesis
experiment
none of the above
theory
18
Damage to this brain area would have a profound impact on motor learning.
Broca's area
cerebral cortex
brain stem
cerebellum
19
What are the branchlike appendages that detect chemical signals from neighboring neurons?
axons
dendrites
synapses
cell bodies
20
Cells that fire together,
tickle a feather
wire together
explode
are named Heather
21
This brain structure is associated with the formation of memories:
hypothalamus
amygdala
hippocampus
thalamus
22
Which of the following structures is important for experiencing reward?
nucleus accumbens of the basal ganglia
frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex
frontal lobe of the basal ganglia
nucleus accumbens of the cerebral cortex
23
When the conditioned response is weakened is no longer presented with the unconditioned stimulus, this is called:
extinction
acquisition
spontaneous recovery
reward
24
Before psychologists can begin a research project, they must receive approval from:
the institutional review board
Dr. Phil
the Association of Psychological Science
the American Psychological Association
25
When a researcher manipulates a variable to see what effect the manipulation has on behavior, the design involves:
a correlational study
naturalistic observation
an experiment
participant observation
26
Negative feelings, opinions, and beliefs associated with a stereotype are referred to as:
discrimination
prejudice
ingroup/outgroup bias
none of the above
27
When identifying the pool of participants who will be in a research project, psychologists generally use:
random assignment
convenience sampling
control participants
random sampling
28
In _____, the presence of others may lead to increased arousal and enhanced performance.
social facilitation
deindividuation
social loafing
none of these
29
Getting paid monthly is what type of reinforcement schedule?
fixed ratio
variable interval
fixed interval
variable ratio
30
Conditioned food aversions are especially likely to occur when the stimulus is a(n):
sound
familiar food
unfamiliar food
light
31
Relationships are promoted by:
which part of the country you live in
work experience
the amount of money one has
proximity
32
The process by which an environmental stimulus and a behavior are connected is known as:
behavior modification
episodic memory
cognition
conditioning
33
Trying to remember something by continuously repeating it is called:
elaborative rehearsal
maintenance rehearsal
linkage rehearsal
acoustic rehearsal
34
The central route to persuasion is one in which:
the argument is directed only at the central point
rational cognitive arguments are used
the appeal is to the central neurological paths
the most basic and direct arguments are used
35
Women in developing countries (e.g., India) experience more _____ than women in developed countries.
specific phobias
depression
OCD
mania
36
Cognitive structures that help us perceive, organize, process, and use information are referred to as:
sensory memory
none of the above
schemas
working memory
37
The tendency to overemphasize personality and underestimate the situation is referred to as:
fundamental attribution error
stereotypes
discrimination
actor/observer discrepancy
38
All of the following are mood disorders EXCEPT:
agoraphobia
dysthymia
bipolar disorder
major depression
39
The gland that controls the release of hormones in the endocrine system is the:
thyroid
pituitary
adrenal
pineal
40
An afferent neuron carries information:
from the sense organs to the brain
from the brain to the sense organs
regarding emotional events
producing movement
41
To maximize the change that experimental and control groups are similar before treatment starts, researchers use:
naturalistic observation
random assignment
sampling
participant observation
42
The imitation of observed behavior is known as
play learning
modeling
operant learning
yodeling
43
_____ attitudes influence feelings and behavior on an unconscious level.
Implicit
Explicit
both of these
neither of these
44
Morphemes are:
the basic sounds of a language
equivalent to syllables
the smallest units of language that have meaning
sounds that are similar across various languages
45
When a researcher joins a social group and talks to members in order to study that group, the approach is referred to as
response performance
experience sampling
a self-report method
participant observation
46
Passionate love is characterized by:
all of these
evolving in a relationship
intense longing and sexual desire
strong commitment to caring for and supporting your partner
47
An extensive study of a single person or a few people is characteristic of:
self-report research
case studies
the scientific method
psychophysiological measurement
48
If you want to know how far apart scores in a data set tend to be, you could use the:
mean
standard deviation
mode
median
49
What neuronal process does the NMDA receptor facilitate?
influx of calcium in terminals
long-term potentiation
vesicle release
protein kinase
50
From Erikson’s point of view, what is the major goal of development during the adolescent period?
learning to deal with sexual issues
developing an adult identity
resolving the intimacy versus isolation crisis
identifying sexual orientation
51
In the _____, people will be more likely to agree with a small request after they have refused a large request.
low-balling strategy
none of the above
door-in-the-face technique
foot-in-the-door effect
52
This type of study can be described as a “study of studies”:
meta-analysis
correlational study
case studies
experiment
53
The main reason that people make “just-world hypothesis” attributions is that these attributions:
ease people's conscience
increase people's self-esteem
make people feel safer and the world more understandable
let people avoid their own errors
54
Which of the following actions is NOT associated with low levels of serotonin in people?
criminal behavior in adult males
suicide through violent means
violent behavior in adult males
disruptive behavior in children
55
If you list a set of scores from lowest to highest, then take the middle value to indicate what is a typical score, its:
the range
the mean
the median
the mode
56
The diathesis-stress model of mental disorders focuses on:
cultural factors in mental disorders
stress as the primary cause of mental disorders
the interaction between underlying predispositions and stressors
the interaction between parenting style and life stress
57
The more social fears someone with social phobia has, the more likely:
they were physically abused
they are to respond quickly to treatment
they will avoid alcohol or other drugs
they are to develop depression
58
Aggression may be influenced by:
the amygdala
serotonin
culture
all of these
59
One consequence of suffering from persistent panic attacks is a(n):
increased risk of schizophrenia
increased risk of suicide
decreased risk of other anxiety disorders
decrease in amygdala function
60
Gambling on a slot machine involves rewards on a ___ schedule.
variable ratio
fixed interval
fixed ratio
variable interval
61
Drugs that block the effects of neurotransmitters by occupying their receptor sites are called:
acetylcholines
antagonists
amygdalas
agonists
62
When people are aware of being observed, they might change their behaviors. This phenomenon illustrates
reactivity
variability
random assignment
experimenter expectancy
63
The spinal cord is part of the _____ nervous system.
somatic
peripheral
central
sensory
64
Chemical substances that carry messages from one neuron to the next are called:
agonists
enzymes
neurotransmitters
none of the above
65
What is the developmental stage that occurs from conception to approximately 2 weeks after?
zygote
fetus
infant
embryo
66
People suffering obsessive-compulsive disorder are:
unaware of the irrationality of their behavior
typically diagnosed with the disorder in early childhood
aware that their obsessions and compulsions are irrational
more likely to be male than female
67
Phenotype refers to the:
physical or behavioral characteristics actually expressed
probability of a gene being expressed
results of a genetic mutation
genetic information carried by a cell
68
The memory of your wedding day is an example of a(n):
declarative memory
semantic memory
procedural memory
episodic memory
69
Learning that takes place in the absence of reinforcement is known as:
latent learning
cognitive acquisition
economic learning
nonoperant learning
70
The mean, median, and mode are all examples of:
measures of central tendency
correlational measures
types of variability
inferential statistics
71
A infant will turn and suck when an object is placed near her mouth. What is this called?
grasping
orienting
pruning
rooting
72
Food is considered a primary reinforcer, while ___ is a secondary reinforcer
none of the above
sex
money
water
73
To create hostility and prejudice between two groups of boys for his study, Sherif:
told each group negative things about the other group
started a fight between members of the two groups
had the groups compete with each other
clearly favored one group over the other
74
Stanley Milgram’s experiment illustrated the phenomenon of:
none of these
obedience
resistance
stereotypes
75
In Pavlov’s experiments, what was the conditioned response?
salivation to the metronome
the sound of the metronome
the food
salivation to the food
76
Which of the following items is NOT an example of an analogical representation?
a model airplane
a big boat
a map
a family tree
77
Which of the following terms is used to describe the removal of a stimulus?
reinforcement
punishment
negative
positive
78
The cross-sensory experience of tasting a visual image or seeing particular words in color is called:
synaptic transmission
perceptual diversity
bimodal perception
synesthesia
79
What anxiety disorder is seen as an acquired fear that is out of proportion to the real threat?
obsessive-compulsive disorder
a phobia
generalized anxiety disorder
panic disorder
80
A critical property of insight is that the solution to the problem:
develops clear subgoals
emerges over several steps
emerges in a single step
has clear subgoals
81
Which of the following two anxiety disorders are most similar?
PTSD and social anxiety disorder
GAD and PTSD
phobias and generalized anxiety disorder
phobias and social anxiety disorder
82
Behaving in a way that confirms stereotypes is referred to as:
discrimination
self-fulfilling prophecy
prejudice
stereotyping
83
The development of a theory of mind is linked to development in which area of the brain?
cerebellum
limbic system
prefrontal region
amygdala
84
The notion of kin selection argues that we are:
most altruistic toward those who share our genes
altruistic to our kin group to avoid being ostracized
most altruistic to relatives because we expect reciprocity
altruistic to people who give evidence of the best genes
85
The process by which a person needs more of a drug to achieve the same effect is called:
tolerance
withdrawal
addiction
sensitization
86
The correlation between stress and sleep is probably:
positive
pseudonegative
negative
pseudopositive
87
The phrase adrenaline rush refers to the action of the neurotransmitter:
serotonin
dopamine
acetylcholine
epinephrine
88
The tendency to make memories consistent with current beliefs is:
persistence
repressed memories
memory bias
confabulation
89
Better memory for items presented at the beginning of a list and at the end of the list is referred to as:
all of these
serial position effect
chunking
association network
90
Gottman has found that a marriage that has _____ positive as negative interactions is in good shape.
twice as many
three times as many
five times as many
four times as many
91
The process of getting information out of memory storage is called:
retrieval
encoding
rehearsal
storage
92
Processing multiple types of information at the same time is referred to as:
parallel processing
reconsolidation
multitasking
encoding
93
If a researcher wants to judge whether the data from her sample would be like data in the population, she would use:
measures of central tendency
correlation coefficients
inferential statistics
meta-analysis
94
The variable that a researcher manipulates in an experiment is called the:
stimulus
dependent variable
independent variable
confounding variable
95
What characteristic makes a psychopathology different from an everyday problem?
causes
none of these
severity
treatment options
96
Sources of information who are _____ tend to be the most persuasive.
attractive and credible
rational and emotional
strongly partisan
more sophisticated than the target audience
97
Which of the following are symptoms of PTSD?
all of these
flashbacks
intrusive thoughts
nightmares
98
When researchers study multiple groups and report the means for each group, they are reporting:
descriptive statistics
median values
inferential statistics
variability
99
Receiving a reduced jail sentence for good behavior is a form of:
negative reinforcement
positive reinforcement
negative punishment
positive punishment
100
Object permanence is a child’s awareness that:
objects exist even when you cannot see them
objects that cannot be seen may be similar to those that can
the mass of an object does not change when its shape changes
broken objects can be repaired