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Domain 4
Domain 4
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1
When designing rehabilitation programs, what should an AT do in order for the program to be effective?
AT should remember that every designed program should vary according to ind
AT should use pre-designed programs
AT should design the program specific to the injury
AT should keep in mind reimbursement values for various exercises
2
Which of the following events occurs in the proliferation stage of wound healing?
development of fibrous tissue
platelet accumulation
leukocyte migration
resolution of matrix
3
Phagocytes are a type of leukocytes.
False
True
4
What type of exercises may be safely initiated immediately after a knee injury?
Isometric exercises
functional exercises
Isotonic exercises
CKC exercises
5
When applying the gate control theory, which afferent fibers are trying to override/inhibit the "pain information"?
A beta
A delta
C fibers
A alpha
6
What are the for sensations an athlete will experience with the application of cryotherapy?
cold, burn, sting, ache
pain, ache, sting, cold
cold, burn, cramp, numbness
cold, burn, ache, numbness
7
What is the difference between hold-relax and contract-relax PNF?
contract-relax uses an isotonic contraction
contract-relax uses an isometric contraction
hold-relax uses an isokinetic contraction
hold-relax uses an isometric contraction
8
Which of the following is NOT a factor that impedes healing?
Muscle relaxation
Edema
Keloids
Infection
9
Where is the primary location for Adenosine Triphosphate production in the skeletal muscle?
Sarcomere
Perimysium
Fascicles
Blood vessels
10
Massage can be used as an effective modality to control pain because it activates which of the following?
Autonomic NS & chemoreceptors
Central NS & chemo sensitive receptors
Parasympathetic NS & mechanosensitive receptors
Autonomic NS & pacinian receptors
11
What does "extension lag" mean?
A positive test for a PCL tear
Inability to fully extend the knee
A negative tests for a LCL tear
Inability to fully flex the knee
12
_____ and _____ are two means of delivering medication via sound waves and electricity.
US, phonophoresis
micromassage, phonophoresis
phonophoresis, iontophoresis
US, iontophoresis
13
What of the following is not a therapeutic reason to perform cupping?
treat scar tissue in connective tissue
improve blood flow
increase edema
reduce pain
14
What method(s) of thermal energy transfer are being used in a hot whirl pool?
conduction & evaporation
conversion & conduction
conversion & radiation
conduction & convection
15
Which cells are responsible for bone resorbtion of bone during its growth or repair?
Osteoclasts
Platelets
Leukoctyes
Osteoblasts
16
____ & ____ are two medications that can be combined when utilizing iontophoresis.
hydrocortisone, Medrol
dexamethazone, epinephrine
acetic acid, lidocaine
dexamethason, lidocaine
17
When applying an IFC estim tx if you wanted to treat for pain, what would your pulse per second range be?
50-120 pps
200-400 pps
80-100 pps
2-4 pps
18
Which of the following acoustical interfaces is most reflective of US energy?
soft tissue: water
soft tissue: bone
soft tissue: fat
soft tissue: air
19
Conventional TENS uses a frequency in __ pps range with a phase duration of __ microseconds.
200-400, 50-100
50-100, 2-50
2-4, 10-50
100-120, 2-4
20
When performing electrical stimulation on a post-surgical ACL reconstruction, what would produce tetany of quad?
low frequency 5-15 pps
high frequency 40-50 pps
very high frequency 150-200 pps
medium frequency 15-30 pps
21
Which of the following time periods accurately portrays the typical duration of the fibroblastic repair phase?
6 weeks to 2 years
time of injury to 4 days
4 days to 6 weeks
4 weeks to 2 years
22
Hydrocollator packs are immersed in thermostatically controlled hot water. What temp range should they be stored at?
100-110 deg
160-170 deg
130-150 deg
180-200 deg
23
____ is a technique that combines cryotherapy with exercise.
Cold whirlpool
Urticaria
Cryokinetics
Cryostretch
24
Which of the following types of electrical stimulators are considered "subsensory"?
diathermy
low intensity stimulator
TENS
interferential stimulator
25
What are the most appropriate exercises for a diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis?
Lumbar stabilization exercises
William's flexion exercises
Postural awareness exercises
McKenzie extension exercises
26
Which joint mobilization grade would be most appropriate when joint movement is limited by pain and spasm?
grade 4
grade 3
grade 2
grade 1
27
What type of electrical current is recommended to best prevent muscle atrophy?
Russian current
Interferential current
Sensory-level high-volt pulsed current
Micro current
28
When rehabilitating the lateral epicondylitis, which muscle group needs to be strengthened?
wrist flexors
elbow flexors
wrist extensors
elbow extensors
29
Sensory receptors located in musclotendinous junction, which monitor active tension during muscle contraction are called
Muscle spindles
Golgi tendon organs
Pacinian corpuscles
Riffini corpuscles
30
What is the optimal beam nonuniformity ratio?
5:5
1:2
1:1
1:3
31
Which of the following is not a benefit of massage therapy?
relief from spasm
decrease blood flow
increase cell metabolism
increase blood flow
32
Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for heat modalities?
chronic muscle spasm
acute injuries
deep vein thrombosis
clsoed infections
33
The amount of power generated by an ultrasound unit is defined as what?
Wave form
Frequency
Duty cycle
Intensity
34
____ are receptive to light touch.
Merkel's corpuscles
Free Nerve Endings
Meissner's corpuscles
Ruffini corpuscles
35
____ are receptive to extreme mechanical, thermal, and chemical energy.
Free Nerve Endings
Ruffini corpuscles
Merkel's corpuscles
Meissner's corpuscles
36
If ___ activity is greater than the ___ activity, the bone becomes increasingly susceptible to stress fractures.
osteoblastic, osteoclastic
kinetic, potential
potential, kinetic
osteoclastic, osteoblastic
37
List the upper extremity D2 flexion movements.
flex, abd, IR
ext, add, ER
ext, abd, IR
flex, abd, ER
38
Proprioception is feedback from the muscles as to what they are doing during a particular activity.
False
True
39
What is spinal traction most commonly used for?
Dislocation
Spinal nerve root impingment
Upper trapezius muscle strain
Thoracic spine hypermobility
40
LASER stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission Radiation.
False
True
41
"Like charges repel unlike charges attract each other" is known as what law?
Coulomb's Law
Ohm's Law
Pascal's Law
Wolffs Law
42
High voltage pulsed stim may be used as adjunct tx in controlling acute and chronic pain through which two mechanisms?
gate control & histamine release mechanism
gate control & opiate release mechanism
edema control & spasm reduction
stimulation of both motor and sensory nerves
43
Which of the following variables is controversial in regards to their physiological response to cryotherapy?
edema
metabolic rate
muscle guarding
pain perception
44
Which of the following scenarios would be a contraindication for an AT to perform a mobilization technique?
swimmer who's trapezius is in spasm
javelin thrower who has multidirectional instability
golfer who has wrist pain after playing 18 holes
football player who had ligamentous reconstruction
45
Who coined the five grades of motion used for joint mobilization?
Prentice
Mulligan
Arnheim
Maitland
46
Which of the following are NOT the best rehabilitation exercises after a back injury?
stationary bicycle
flexibility exercises
walking
core muscle exercises
47
Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?
calor
donor
dolar
tumor
48
___ is a type of electrotherapy used to re-educate a muscle.
Iontophoresis
Russian
IFC
Premodulated
49
When rehabilitating an athlete following a lumbar strain, the AT should work on emproving the flexibility of the ____.
hip extensors
abdominals
hamstrings
paraspinals
50
Which of the following impedes the thermal effects of ultrasound?
mixing petroleum-based sports creams with US sound
using a crystal with a low beam non-uniformity ratio
applying US while area is stretched
using hot pack prior to US
51
The Piezoelectrical effect is present in ultrasound which causes expansion and contraction of the crystals.
False
True
52
Which of the following can be utilized to reduce pain in acute muscle spasm?
Russian
Microcurrent
Paraffin bath
TENS
53
____ are receptive to touch, tension, and change in positions.
Ruffini corpuscles
Merkel's corpuscles
Meissner's corpuscles
Free Nerve Endings
54
During a lower extremity D1 flexion pattern, what movements are taking place at the hip?
flex, abd, IR
flex, add, IR
flex, add, ER
ext, abd, IR
55
A long-arc quad is a closed kinetic chain exercise.
False
True
56
The suffix "-algia" is indicative of which condition?
soften
swelling
pain
vomiting
57
Which of the following statements is incorrect about iontophoresis?
a dispersive pad does not need to be applied to a patient
an active pad is unnecessary
- ions are transported into tissues from positive pole
+ ions are transported into tissues from positive pole
58
Frequency is the length of time that current is flowing.
False
True
59
Which of the following electrical current parameters is required to perform iontophoresis?
low voltage direct current
high voltage direct current
low voltage alternating current
low voltage interferential current
60
What characteristic of US seperates it from infrared modalities?
US uses acoustic energy
US will not cause thermal burns
US does more than heat body tissues
US has a shorter time period
61
Massage can be used as an effective modality to control pain because it activates which body system?
Central Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
62
A push up is an example of a closed kinetic chain exericse.
True
False
63
What is normal ROM at the ankle joint when taking a goniometric measurement?
PF: 60 deg, DF: 10 deg
PF: 45 deg, DF: 20 deg
PF: 20 deg, DF: 0 deg
PF: 30 deg, DF: 2 deg
64
What is the term used in US to describe the time the sound waves are being emitted during one pulse period?
attenuation
duty cycle
cavitation
ultrasound frequency
65
What are the following: NE, substance P, serotonin, enkephalin, and B-endorphins?
inhibitors
neurons
nocioceptors
neurotransmitters
66
Polarity is the direction of current flow.
True
False
67
____ is a strong fibrous protein found in connective tissue.
Collagen
Fibroblast
Proteoglycans
Macrophages
68
____ is a manual therapy in which muscles are actively contracted against a counterforce in a specific position.
Muscle energy technique
PNF
Cryotherapy
Effleurage
69
Which of the following is NOT a step in clot formation?
Fibrinogen
Prothrombin
Thromboplastin
Collagen formation
70
What is a chemical mediator that is released from the mast cell and causes dilation and increase cell permeability?
histamine
leukotrienes
cytokines
prothrombin
71
_____ is the movment of WBC out of a small arterial vessels.
Margination
Diffusion
Vasoconstriction
Diapedesis
