HGP 100 Final Review

Which of these will not cause conflict regarding Arctic sovereignty?

Small voice given to migrant; related to actions of others who directly influence migration

Which was an offshoot of Judaism, spread rapidly, divided, and is common in Western culture?

What comprises a set of interacting/interdependent organisms and their environments?

By what fraction did the WWF claim biodiversity had plummeted in 2008?

Concept based on likely importance of initial occupancy in determining later land uses

A planned settlement to combine urban/rural life, emphasizing space and quality of life

what is the ideal shape of a hinterland?

Do relative locations change?

What term was coined by World Commission on Environment+Development in 1987?

Maximum rent that a potential land user can be charged for using that land

Political unit that contains one national group; gives it identity and defines its territory

Which part of the ecosystem is related to land?

When does something become a resource?

A map that uses lines to connect locations of equal data value

What percentage of global water supplies does agriculture use?

Declining CBR, CDR already low, RNI falls

The RNI measures rate of pop. growth by subtracting...

Collection of ideas/practices concerned with challenging inequalities evident in landscape

What was not something Aristotle noted a relationship between?

Who published Geographia Generalis?

Which is a negative aspect of gentrification?

The centre of the city, usually characterized by high rise offices/residence and government

How many countries were assessed as less developed in 2014?

What is voluntary segregation referred to as?

A region that comprises a set of linked locations

What is the reuse of material and energy sources called?

What is a consequence of urban/industrial activities that releases sulphur/nitrous oxides?

What kind of location refers to arbitrary grid system; mathematically precise measurements?

Identified by the presence of a certain characteristic

Which one is a negative of hydropower?

When an ethnic group is absorbed into larger society and loses its identity

Farmers want max leisure time, will only change to supply increasing pops- substinence

Endorses the right of ethnic groups to remain distinct

What is not a reason refugees flee their homes?

What is NOT an issue with data collection?

What suggests that all of our behaviour aims to minimize effort?

Urban centre providing goods and services for the surrounding population

Global politics do not make what more difficult?

Who believes the Earth is reaching but hasn't passed a point of no return?

Movement over time sustained by social links/kinship/friends resulting in distinct areas

What is zone 1 of von Thunen's agricultural location theory?

Does political globalization challenge the integrity of the individual state?

Urban fertility is usually _________ rural fertility

Cultures that survive in rural areas with distinct identities and resist change are

____ cores and _____ peripheries exacerbate seperatist tendencies in peripheries

Who focused on anthropogeography/human geography?

The factors that explain people's ability to acquire food based on their power

Who developed the concept of an ecosystem?

What does Wilson not believe about humans?

How many km³ of water is readily available?

Which technology helps monitor land use change?

What transportation method has reduced costs dramatically?

How thin is the ecosphere/biosphere?

Which of these describes lines that join points of equal time distance from a single location?

Refers to any form of environmental protection

What does the Anthropocene epoch imply?

Urban way of life; declining sense of community, increasing complex organization

Which transportation system charged tolls for its users?

Which type of feminism contends gender differentiation is from inequality different than others

Which is NOT a characteristic of a Chinese city?

What kind of space is perceptual, socially produced, and subject to continuous change?

Difference between core city and its surrounding areas; moving from core to suburbs

Which of these introduced by Hagerstrand referred to diffusion to urban centres first?

Who argues we live in a semi-globalized world at best, and globalization is an exaggeration?

Which is NOT a category of urban land use?

Which is not a process of transportation evolution?

What led to the creation of the IMF and World Bank?

Which ideology contends that human study can be objective?

Diamond proposed continent shapes are crucial because latitudinal (__) allows tech spread

Realigning electoral boundaries to benefit a particular party

How much have global temperatures increased in the past 100 years?

Goods available freely or are provided by the state

Depiction of world, ack. the impossibility to be exact of all depictions affected by researcher

Who wrote Geographia?

Group sharing common culture and attachment to some territory; difficult to define

Canada and Belgium are examples of

Who tackled the problem of representing a sphere on a flat surface in 1569?

Theory of power based on state controlling area surrounding heartland held key to world power

The number of males per _____ females in a population is a sex ratio

Subordinate group seen by/contrasted to dominant groups; difference and inferiority

Which is monotheistic,divided internally and known for diaspora?

Why is it hard for countries to achieve industrial growth?

How many millenium development goals were identified and approved?

Important node in global economy; dominant city in global hierarchy

Who described globalization as a neoconservative ideology that failed to make the world better?

Refers to way of life of society members; refer to ability to analyze then change environment

the study of states as organism that choose to expand territory to fulfill destinies

concerned with the unique and particular

What does not play a role in segregation?

What does Collier argue leads to corrupt government?

Which relationship, described as a feedback, reinforces change?

Where is culture dominant?

Creating electoral districts of varying population size to benefit one party

Which is going to be the first ecosystem completely erased by humans by 2100?

A theory to explain spatial distribution of urban centres respecting size and function

What do cities not include?

Legally incorporated self-governing unit; bigger size/importance than town or village

A decrease in the friction of distance between locations

Any human change to an ecosystem usually________?

Institutions/organization through which state exercises power

What do human geographers base their questions of identity on?

shift of birth/death rates from high-low levels; mortality decreases before fertility

What happened to populations once agricultural production improved

Which approach views the scientific method as the most appropriate study?

What caused permanent settlements to form?

What is zone 2 of von Thunen's agricultural location theory?

Which country is the happiest?

How many regions is Canada divided into?

Which country's creation in 2011 was the first challenge to colonial boundaries?

Which type of African city includes mining towns?

How much of global energy needs could be supplied by renewable energy by 2050?

Who developed the world systems theory?

Which theory is associated with quantitative methods and theory development; spatial analysis

What were civilizations the consequence of?

The characteristics of a particular area created through human activity

when production/distribution are not contained by boundaries can we speak of ___ instead of ___

Who argues that lowering trade barriers and investing capital in LD will help?

Which is NOT a piece of technology used to monitor the environment?

Informal settlement in urban core; poverty, substandard housing, crime, lack of sanitation

Which disease is reported to be the greatest killer in history?

Which effect is distance based?

advances in science/tech will continue to create sufficient resources for growing pop

Who is considered the father of geography?

What percent of languages does 96% of the world speak?

Which is not a level of entitlement?

Measure of satisfaction an individual derives from a location relative to their goals

Which was harder to calculate because there is no way to estimate time?

Which model is parallel to the demographic transition model?

Who believed that humans inhabited the Earth to transform it?

Who argued humans needed to develop an ecocentric view and recognize we are all connected?

Change experienced by ind. over lifespans divided into stages with particular behaviours

Sustainable development was not a key focus at what?

Why is the north and south no longer able to be used?

Which map shows the world divided by a body of water and is based off of scriptural dogma?

How did ebola spread so quickly?

What is NOT an example of a high order service?

Why is the CBR crude?

What type of language is designed to serve the purposes of commerce between dif groups?

What are discussions of gender based on?

large populations grow ______ small ones

Why is the cycle of poverty criticized?

Resolution levels used in research; size of area or time period covered, no. of people

"To describe and explain the world" is geography's

How many people could use the 9 000 km³ of water that is readily available?

Boundaries that are defined after an area has been settled are

Where are pro-natalist policies typically found?

What does the world systems theory propose leads to dependency?

What is required for economic growth to lead to a decline in environmental problems?

discriminatory practice identifying parts of city as high risk in terms of loans for property

What is the most common centripetal force?

Forces that pull an area together to create a relatively stable state

Key point of entry to major geographic region for goods/people; several cultures absorbed

Free migrations prompted by push-pull factors widely experienced by a group

Which is NOT a ranking of a global city?

Which belief deemed earth as a home for humans made by God?

In order for humans to be a force of nature, what must be true?

Real extent used in absolute and relative forms

One of most important urban planning tools; controls use of land and buildings

As people become richer, do they become happier?

Which describes the attraction of tourists to religious landscape?

Which driving force also promotes a new lifestyle that changes the environment?

Who focused on the relationship between available resources and number of people?

What equation determines change in population size when referring to fertility/mortality?

Which is not an economic attribute of a global city?

The UN estimates 80% of the world lives in urban areas. What is this expected to rise to?

What replaced the ITO?

What kind of space is objective and exists in areal relations among phenomena?

A thematic map that uses color/shading to indicate density of particular phenomenon in area

Which of these is a pull factor?

Homer Hoyt developed what model in 1939?

Geographers don't enjoy economic geography because

What year was the first that children under 14 were outnumbered by people over 60?

Which was the first universalizing religion, spread by monks, popular in Thailand and Burma?

Where are the majority of megacities located?

Why was the concentric model criticized?

Which is not an example of a semi-periphery?

Violation of immigration laws, or because of policy changes or complexity of maintaining status

When did the first Green party form?

Who coined the term geopolitics?

Which country posesses the essential characteristics of the isolated state?

Global water shortages are unlikely because humans only use ____ of water in global water cycle

Which aspect would Le Corbusier not want in his Cities of Towers?

What are the circular pathways of chemicals called?

Which group expanded maps past the local because of their mobilization?

Who believed that global warming is inevitable but our intelligence will help us cope?

What is essential to combat ocean pollution?

A centre of office and retail activities located on edge of large urban centre

A concern for food and population imbalance describes what theory?

Who divided the world into one torrid, two temperate and two frigid zones?

Which is a positive of nuclear power?

North/South; parallels

Techniques used to acquire/record data from points not in contact with phenomena of interest

Which is not a way urban hierarchies are ranked?

What is the sex ratio for males to females?

What transportation method is favoured for small-bulk high value products?

The world pop. is _____ but at a slowly ______ rate

Which resources regenerate within a human lifespan?

Who described the world as flat regarding improved communications?

Spatial separation of population subgroups within wider urban population

The tendency for high skill jobs to be located in MD world, while low skill industrial are LD

Which aspect of the City Beautiful movement had the most substansive outcome?

What view regards humans as central fact of world; stressing centrality of humans to detriment?

Why is wind power NOT criticized?

White's revised model of cities does not include which aspect?

The International Energy Authority predicts an increase of how much in energy demand by 2030?

Condition in which society interprets interests in terms of the worldview of a dominant group

Which country never ratified the Kyoto Protocol?

a planned area of open, partially rural land surrounding urban area, where development restrict

When and where was the UN Conference on Human Environment held?

Theory of world power based on assumption of state controlling heartland held key to world dom.

Collection of demographic + other data relating to all citizens of country at a given time

The maximum distance people are prepared to travel to obtain good/service

When was geography formalized as an institutionalized academic discipline?

Which origin of cities contributed to a grid pattern for streets?

Which method is used by positivists, arguably removing humans from research?

economic __________ leads to a __________ in environmental problems

Representation of age and sex comp. of population; younger at bottom and older at top

Issues through which individuals give meaning to their lives is?

Changes in tech, organization, ideology that permit relationships between humans+ environment

Which effect on international relationships requires condemnation?

Which suggests a division into core, semi-periphery, periphery; periphery depends on core?

high status residential area with limited access; often surrounded by wall, fence, buffer zone

Which argument is pro-globalization?

What is measured by the Human Development Index?

Where was the 2002 UN World Sustainable Development Summit held?

What does not receive special status from religions?

Why might biofuels do more harm than good?

How are needs and wants satisfied?

What is the primary goal of zoning?

What occurs when substances that degrade air, land and water are released into the environment?

Minerals and land that take a long time to form and are fixed in supply are referred to as?

The degree to which needs/wants of society are being satisfied

Who published On The Origin of Species in 1859 and placed extinction of species into context?

What's the tendency for groups to assert their right to a state separate from the occupied one?

a political unit with defined and internationally acknowledged boundaries

What theory suggests some areas must remain undeveloped for others to prosper?

Largely unplanned expansion of an urban area into rural areas

Slow growth, then exponential increase and leveling out at ceiling describes what growth model?

Which theory centers on the relationship between dependence and underdevelopment?

interpretation of visual images to uncover symbolic meaning

If a population is declining, what shape will the population pyramid be?

deaths as a component of population change

When did colonialism end?

Which urban hearth area was located in Pakistan?

Which branch of humanism centers around the idea that researchers need verstehen?

All aspects of human reproduction that lead to live births; live number of births by women

What was the key defeat for globalization according to Saul?

Which country promises to wean off oil by 2020?

Ghetto areas in cities and Aboriginal reserve lands in Canada/US are examples of

Rejects notions of impartiality; knowledge is not neutral, cannot be acquired in detached way

Places/events carefully constructed for mass leisure and consumption

When people move from an unfavourable environment to a better one

Which species reproduces less when they are fed?

Can filtering go both upwards and downwards?

What is a country receiving refugees called?

A pidgin language that assumes the status of a mother tongue for a group

Which cause of desertification is hard to measure?

Forces that make it difficult to bind a nation together as an effective state

White (1984) tried to model which type of city?

The process by which humans acquire info about physical/social environments

Internal homogenity, relatively distinct from other areas; intellectual creations

Model of human behaviour where individual=rational; maximize return, minimize costs

Which variable affects spatial patterns of agriculture the most?

What TFR is considered replacement-level fertility?

How did empires begin primarily?

Discharged mental patients and homeless are examples of

High CBR//High CDR; infant mortality high, life expectancy low; low income agri. economy

Why do sex ratios vary with age?

What was the 1997 Kyoto Protocol designed to do?

The number of years req. for the pop of an area to double its present size given current rate

The max population that can be supported given the resources and technology

Which is a way that value CANNOT be affected in a house?

Which branch of humanism is the most important to human geographers?

How much global energy consumption is caused by fossil fuels?

American school of geography by Sauer; focuses on human made landscapes

Concerned with the universal and the general

What is a belief that a nation and state should be congruent; nation-state is natural pol. unit

The conception, production, dissemination and study of maps

What is smog (O₃) a result of?

What are farmers NOT motivated by?

Which contends that we know through experience; experience only what exists

Who identified low lake levels as human impact and explained they were caused by deforestation?

What is the rank-size distribution equation?

pop. growth continuing beyond the time of replacement fertillity being reached

Surplus income on unit of land above minimum income needed to bring a unit of new land

If the doubling rate of 1.2 continues, the world population will double in ___ years

Group members who see themselves as different because of common ancestry/shared culture

When the migrant has the choice to stay or move

Which transportation system is made difficult/impossible by the topography?

The declining intensity of any pattern/process with increasing distance from given location

What is the preferred terminology of UN, World Bank, Population Reference Bureau?

Which ideology sees human behaviour constrained by economic processes?

Location of a geographic fact with reference to broad spatial system of which it is a part

Cultural region associated with particular cultural group; strong emotion attached to place

Residential district in an urban area with conc. of particular ethnic group

Who developed the rimland theory?

temporal perspective refers to what?

Is land assigned to the most efficient use or the most profitable use?

Who studied geography as the influence of physical geography on humans AND human landscape?

What is one way a loan is helpful?

a part of city with internal homogenity; uniform income, ethnicity, reflect shared social value

Which explanation of the world food problem has developed most recently?

The spread of a phenomenon over space and its growth through time

What is NOT a social impact on fertility?

What is the maximum value of the HDI?

The garden city movement by Ebenezer Howard did not include which aspect?

What religion in Northern Ireland wants to join Ireland and separate from the UK?

Who claims the earth is entering a new evolutionary era with greatest mass extinction?

Which physical factor affects livestock the most?

What is calculated with trade data, capital flow, info transmission and pop. movement?

What was the main goal of the Montreal Protocol in 1987?

What was first calculated in 1995?

Which way of water pollution is caused by animals and can result in oxygen depletion?

The ____ the Gender Inequality Index value, the ___ the inequality

Carrying capacity ____ static

CDR decreases lots because of urbanizaation, RNI high; pop. growth rapid

Who formulated the concept of economic rent?

What is one way women are NOT isolated?

World Bank estimates that approximately ___people receive insufficient food to support activity

Which maps are "handy" with radiating lines from centres; corresponding to points of compasses?

Assimilation is part of ____ immigration policy, while acculturation is part of ___ immigration

Why is Third World unable to be used today?

How many megacities existed in 1950? How many exist now (2014)?

Which new attitude principle most clearly takes an ecocentric view?

Which geographic tradition established by the Greeks was contributed to by Eratosthenes?

Which did Hagerstand NOT introduce?

Who studied geography as chorology?

Which term views globalization as a new age?

Which method refers to research with focus on attitudes, behaviour, and observation of humans?

What term did Naess introduce in 1979?

What happens with increasing industrialization and urbanization to fertility?

A body of theories explaining the distribution of economic activities

What is NOT an example of a low order service?

The view that human activities are controlled by the physical environment

What does the UN estimate the world population will be in 2050?

Those that argue pop. increases and environment damage will lead to food shortage, disease, war

Who formed the chorology approach combining special and general geography?

By what percentage has human activity caused animal populations to decline?

Why is housing different from other commodities?

Why do people believe using GDP, GNP, GNI are inappropriate to measure wellbeing?

The minimum number of people needed to support existence of particular economic function

When did the urban population of the world exceed the rural for the first time?

existing language used as common means of communication between different language groups

As a result of ceased increase in MD, and rapid increase in LD, the world population....

Which has no dogma, loose philosophy, polytheistic and developed Sikhism?

The UN High Commissioner for Refugees estimates ___ people have been forced to leave home

Ideological preference and identity of researcher as they relate to research subjects

Which is NOT an example of a binary urban system?

the idea that poverty is transmitted intergenerationally, reflecting spatial variation in opp.

Ford (1996) tried to model which city?

What is caused by a diet lacking food necessary for health?

How much has sea level risen in the past 100 years due to global warming?

Why is globalization more common than national/regional/global forces nowadays?

Who wrote Guide to Geography and mapped 8 000 places on a grid with coordinates?

Where is the hearth area of the culture?

Spatial dimension of separation; fundamental concept in spatial analysis

What does UNHCR favour to fix refugee problems?

location; has acquired meaning as a context of human action

Argues both world pop. and world economy may collapse from inadequate resources

Pattern of geographical facts within an area

Which of these is a push factor?

Which refugee crisis was not caused by a division of a country?

What effect of oil extraction does not harm the environment?

What problem does a country like China pose to measuring urban populations?

What is a diet inadequate to sustain normal activity referred to as?

Theory believing capitalism was the cause of poverty and a resource distribution problem exists

The multiple nuclei model by Harris and Ullman (1945) said centres could?

Which type of feminism links gender inequality to class?

Which ideology is referred to as historical materialism?

Which branch of feminism was concerned with securing equal rights and opportunities for women?

Largest city in urban system, capital, dominates life, more than twice the size of next biggest

Spread and growth of cities; increasing proportion of pop. living in urban areas

Theory that social life=explained by models; extends economic operator concept to other parts

Focusing on what ought to be rather than what it is; seeking what is rational or optimal

Which is related to Judaism and Christianity, Arabic, founded by Muhammed, shapes attitudes

The World Development Report categorizes countries by GNI per capita. What is the issue?

What is not a notable rate of change for populations?

Who distinguished between centrifugal and centripetal geopolitical forces?

Which theory proposes a core, semi-periphery and periphery?

Rejects rationality assumptions of economic operator model; objective to reach satisfaction

The concept that states are often unequally divided between cores and dependent peripheries

The 1987 World Commission on Environment and Development Report introduced what term?

What is not taken into account in the HDI?

Which system lacks inputs and outputs?

Highest order settlements will be _____ in number, lowest order will be most ________

What is the most important change affecting human geography?

What perspective is used to analyze environmental issues?

Who contends the world's geography is critical to understanding spread of agriculture?

What is the title of Carson's book that shifted appreciation of human impacts in ecosystems?

What is the study of the importance of space in understanding international relationships?

East/West; meridians

LD countries have ___ rates of mortality/fertility and ___ rates of literacy/industrialization

Why is the initial settlement period important in understanding cities' locations?

Which is not a reason removing tropical rainforests is short-sighted?

When do people become concerned about environmental change?

Maps of ____ areas are at _____ scale, while maps of _____ areas are at _____ scale

Why is transportation NOT controversial?

What is the simplest/most common measure of fertility?

What is the ultimate cause of hunger and famine?

Name of place; evidence provided can be crucial in studies of movement/settlement

Which is not a principle ecological consequence of rain forest removal?

What was the only variable in the isolated state model by von Thunen?

Which degree of homelessness is characterized by sleeping rough?

What is NOT a reason geographers are interested in megacities?

Which is not a reason the 1977 UN Plan of Action was a failure in combating desertification?

Is travel time directly proportional to physical distance?

Environmental friendly tourism; allows experience of distinctive ecosystem

Which does fire not do?

What is the biggest single factor contributing to spread of AIDS?

What does an ecocentric view focus most on?

Which is not a piece of technology that harnesses wind and water power?

How many languages exist?

a continuously built up area formed by coalescing of several separate cities

When was the Rio Earth Summit held?

Which of these models was not developed by the Chicago school?

What are the two main approaches of urban geography?

Who developed the grid system based on poles and equator?

Which geological epoch have we recently came out of?

Ernest Burgess developed what zone model in 1925?

What did deforestation not symbolize?

Cultures that are largely urban and embrace/seek change are

Those that apply for refugee status after leaving home are called?

Region identified on basis of perceptions held by people inside/outside region

Which exploration factor was initiated by Prince Henry of Portugal?

Who argued that hunger has nothing to do with production and everything to do with poverty?

The arrangement of land uses in cities, related to urban morphology