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Ap Psychology Unit 3 - development Flashcards | StudBud
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Ap Psychology Unit 3 - development
Ap Psychology Unit 3 - development
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1
Object permanence is awareness that things continue to exist even though they are not perceived
False
True
2
Biologically based growth processes such as learning to walk and puberty
accomodation
assimilation
cognition
maturation
3
Accommodation definition:adjusting or changing one’s schema’s to account for new information
False
True
4
the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period early in life
habituating
assimilating
imprinting
5
All of the following decline as one ages: recall, strength, reaction time, sensory sharpness, fluid intelligence
false
true
6
Vygotsky called the space between what a child could learn with and without help the…
theory of mind
zone of abstract reasoning
zone of abstract logic
zone of proximal development
7
Which term of prenatal development encompasses the first two weeks after conception?
embryo
baby
zygote
fetus
8
A lack of object permanence is indicative of which stage of cognitive development?
formal operational
sensorimotor
pre-operational
pre-conventional
9
What is a cross-sectional study?
a study in which people of different cultures are compared to one another
a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another
10
Which of the following identifies children's difficulty seeing another's perspective?
role player
a child who understands conversation
egocentric thinker
abstract thinker
11
According to Erickson, you develop your ____, a part of who you are, from your group memberships
sefl-esteem
social identity
self-interest
social self
12
As an infant's brain develops, some neural pathways will decay if not used. This -use-it-or-lose-it process is known as
pruning
spacing
maturation
motor development
13
True or false: Typically a male gets an X chromosome from the egg and a Y from the sperm
false
true
14
children with a(n) _________ attachment tend to cling to a caregiver; often don't care if caregiver leaves or returns
secure
insecure
15
Menopause is when...
men are no longer fertile
women are no longer fertile
men are most fertile
women are most fertile
16
Which is the correct order?
identity; intimacy; generativity; integrity
identity; genrativity; intimacy; integrity
17
Stage when children communicate through symbols & language, are egocentric & lack an understanding of conservation
sensorimotor stage
concrete operational stage
preoperational stage
formal operational stage
18
According to Erikson’s theory, adolescents are most primarily concerned in a search for…
identity
autonomy
affection
career
19
At what age does generativity vs stagnation occur?
middle adulthood 40’s through 60’s
young adulthood (20's through 30's)
late adulthood (60's and older)
adolescence
20
_____________ refers to characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity.
maturation
attachment
inhibition
temperament
21
Theory we learn our genders by observing and imitating as well as by being rewarded and punished
psychoanalytic theory
social learning theory
22
Assimilation definition
interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas.
a branch of psychology concerned with mental processes.
anything that can disrupt the development of a fetus in a pregnant woman.
23
a person's characteristic emotional reactivity & intensity.
temperament
generativity
integrity
24
Prospective ("Remember to....") memory increases as we age
True
False
25
Which of the following is true of Alzheimer's disease?
it involves the gradual deterioration of physical ability
All of the Above
it is a progressive and irreversible brain disorder
it involves the gradual deterioration of cognitive ability
26
In which stage of cognitive development do infants learn object permanence?
preoperational
sensorimotor
autonomy
conventional
27
Harlow’s experiments with substitute mothers made of wire demonstrated the importance of what aspect of nurturing?
touch
imprinting
stranger anxiety
feeding
28
______ is based on biology while ______ is based on culturally constructed views.
gender; sex
sex; gender
gender stereotypes; gender roles
gender roles; gender stereotypes
29
Self-identification as being male, female, or a combination
sex
gender identity
30
What is the rooting reflex?
infant reflex where a baby is touched and turns its head in that direction
reflex where babies hold their breath when dropped in water
reflex where babies grasp tightly
31
Individual whose gender identity is different from their birth-assigned sex
intersex
transgender
32
This part of the brain keeps developing until around age 25, better enabling people to control their impulses
amygdala
frontal lobes
hippocampus
33
An 18-month old typically recognizes herself in the mirror. This self-awareness contributes to...
self-actualization
self-concept
self-esteem
self-assurance
34
A principle difference between longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study is the..
time span of the study
sampling method used to choose participants
number of participant involved
developmental stage of the participants
35
What was Lev Vygostsky known for?
a cognitive theory which states children learn through social interaction
a physical development theory focused on maturation
36
Harry Harlow's monkey experiment demonstrated the importance of ______ when forming attachment.
contact comfort
nutrition
socialization
a familiar environment
37
Cigarette smoke, alcohol, and cold viruses are all considered...
teratogens
zygotes
schemas
38
expected behaviors of men and women
gender roles
gender identity
gender typing
39
Which of the following is the correct term for a mental framework Piaget said we use to interpret our environment?
stability
schema
concentration
soft music
40
primary sex characteristic; secondary sex characteristic
body hair; testes
testes; body hair
41
What is crystalized intelligence?
one’s accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, tends to increase with age
one's abstract thinking and speed of processing; tends to decrease by age
42
What kind of studies involve participants who are monitored over an extended period of time?
cross-sectional studies
cohort studies
developmental studies
longitudinal studies
43
condition due to unusual combination of sex chromosomes, hormones and anatomy; bio sexual characteristics of both sexes
homosexual
bisexual
intersex
44
Aiden's parents track him via GPS, have a strict curfew, and demand obedience. They are...
using the permissive style of parenting
using the authoritarian style of parenting
using the best style of parenting
using the authoritative style of parenting
45
A toddler being potty trained is facing a challenge in which Erikson's stages?
trust vs mistrust
initiative vs guilt
industry vs inferiority
autonomy vs shame & doubt
46
What are teratogens?
a one-celled organism formed by the union of a sperm and egg
a collection of congenital problems associated with alcohol
any external agents that can harm an embryo or fetus
structures that allow oxygen & nutrients to pass to fetus
47
In what order are the stages of development in (Piaget)
preoperational, sensorimotor, formal operational, concrete operational
sensorimotor, concrete operational, preoperational, fromal operational
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
concrete operational, sensorimotor, formal operational, preoperational
48
What does an authoritative parenting style include?
rules but room for discussion and exceptions. open dialogue
few rules and demands on a child
rules with little room for discussion or exceptions
49
Which of the following phenomena is the ability to understand that quantity does not change despite appearances?
object permanence
egocentricism
reversibility
conservation
50
According to research, the most advantageous parenting style for children's development is…
authoritative
securily attached
permissive
51
Which brain area is the last to develop, explaining why teens may engage in risky behavior?
corpus callosum
amygdala
pre-frontal cortex
pons
52
Which is the correct order?
zygote, fetus, embryo
embryo, zygote, fetus
embryo, fetus, zygote
zygote, embryo, fetus
53
Females tend to enter puberty ______ males.
after
before
54
Which is the correct order?
trust; autonomy; initiative; competence
competence; autonomy; initiative; trust
55
Keisha could roll over at 2 months, crawl at 5 months, and walk at 10 months, demonstrating...
egocentrism
habituation
maturation
assimilation
56
Mary Ainsworth found that children who formed ______ attachments explored freely & were sad when the caregiver left.
avoidant
authoratative
secure
authoritarian
57
Mothers who are attentive to their children’s needs are more likely to promote __________.
resistant attachment
avoidant attachment
secure attachment
disorganized attachment
58
During what phase does a child finally start to undersand conservation?
preoperational
formal operational
sensorimotor
concerte operational
