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NCE 1
NCE 1
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1
Researchers identified three basic leadership styles:
assertive / nonassertive / aggressive
directive/ non directive/ semi passive
autocratic / democratic / laissez faire
relaxed / anxious / tense
2
who developed the technique of paradoxical intention?
Jung
Perls
Wople
Frankl
3
the trait-and-factor career counseling or matching approach (which matches clients with a job) is associated with
Holland and Super
Tiedman and O'hera
Roe and Brill
Parsons and Williamson
4
Frankl is an existentialist. So are
Perls and Stampfl
Yalom and May
Janov and Beck
Ellis and Perls
5
Glasser's position on mental illness is that
it is best explained by IDC categories
it is best explained by DSM guidelines
it is the result of a deep internal conflict
diagnostic labels give clients permission to act sick or irresponsible
6
a college student viewing a situation as right/wrong or good/bad is an example of
relativistic thinking
erogenous thinking
dualistic thinking
pessimistic thinking
7
one major criticism of interest inventories is that
they are most appropriate for young children
they emphasize professional positions and minimize blue-collar jobs
they favor jobs that will require a bachelor's degree or higher
they have far too many questions
8
if a child is learning to use abstract concepts, which of Piaget's stages is the child in
sensorimotor
formal operations
preoperational
concreate
9
type i error occurs when
you accept the null when it is false
you have a beta error
you reject the null when it is true
you fail to use a test of significance
10
______________ results when ideal standards are violated. According to Freud, this is a function of the _______________.
shame / id
guilt / superego
anger / superego
guilt / ego
11
What measures would yield the highest level of reliability?
a very accurate postage scale, used to weigh packages
the WAIS-IV, a popular IQ test
a TAT, a projective test populat with psychodynamic helpers
the MMPI-2, a popular personality test
12
A counselor who chooses their theory and techniques in order to match the client's needs uses what approach
collective
eclectic
eccentric
holistic
13
a reliable coefficient of 1.00 indicates
a typica correlation on most psychological and cousneling tests
a score with a higher level of error
a lot of variance in the test
a perfect score which has no error
14
an aptitude test is to ___ as an achievement test is to ___
profit from learning ; potential
what has been learned ; potential
a measurement of current skills ; potential
potential ; what has been learned
15
During a storm, a 6 yr old child in the preoperational stage says, "the rain is following me" this is an example of
egocentricism
preconventional level of morality
concrete operations
object relations
16
type i and type ii errors are called _____ and _____ respectively
beta / alpha
.01 / .05
.05 / .01
alpha / beta
17
In gestalt therapy, unexpressed emotions are known as
the emerging gestalt
form / figure language
unfinished business
the top dog
18
the decision-making theory, which refers to periods of anticipation and implementation/ adjustment, was proposed by
David Tiedeman & Robert O'Hera
John O'Crites
John Holland
Donald Super
19
family counselors generally believe in
circular/ reciprocal causality
linear causality
random causality
dream analysis
20
the term "group therapy" was coined in 1931 by
Frank Parsons the father of guidance
Fritz Perls. the father of gestalt
Jacob Moreno the father of psychodrama
E. G. Williamson associated with the Minnesota Viewpoint
21
the correct order of Piaget's 4 stages
preoperational, formal operational, concrete operational, sensorimotor
concrete operational, sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational
formal operational, preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
22
the standard deviation (SD) is the square root of the variance. A z score of +1 would be the same as
1 SD below the. mean
the median score if the population is normal
the same as a t-score
1 SD above the mean
23
existentialism is to logotherapy as ___ is to behaviorism
associationism
Skinner
Socrates
operants
24
which theorist developed the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
Bandurra
Vygotsky
Kohlberg
Piaget
25
when a counselor speaks of a probable outcome in a case, they are technically referring to
diagnosis
supervisory relationship
consultation
prognosis
26
Holland believed that
a given occupation will attract people of nearly identical personalities
a given occupation will attract persons with similar personalities
a given occupation will attract persons with a wide range of personality
one's personality is unrelated to one's occupational choice
27
the tendency to affiliate with others
is highest in first borns and only children
is highest in children with DSM diagnoses
is highest in the middle child
based on hormonal output
28
the statement "bad behavior is punished, good behavior is not" is most closely associated with
Piaget's autonomous stage, which begins at about age 8
Kohlberg's conventional level
the work of Carl Jung
Kohlberg's premoral stage at the preconventional level
29
which statement made by a group leader is focused on process rather than product
"jill seems more relaxed today"
" you wince whenever jane raises her voice"
"I hear a lot of sadness in Betty's voice"
"sally seems a bit self critical this evening"
30
internal verbalizations are to REBT as ____ are to Glasser's choice theory
lack of punishment
contracting
pictures in your mind
a therapeutic plan
31
a client who wishes to work on an assembly line would fit into Holland's _____ typology
artistic
conventional
realistic
social
32
In a family session, a 6 yo sticks their tongue out at the counselor, who ignores the behavior. Counselor is exhibiting
reciprocal inhibition
changing
negative reinforcement
extinction
33
therapists adhering to which of the following theories would believe that aggression is learned through modeling
behavioral
psychodynamic
humanistic
social learning
34
all the following are examples of Anne Roe's "levels" except
semiskilled
professional and managerial
semi professional / small buisness
outdoor
35
The Tarasoff case illuminated
difficulties when a counelor has sex with a client
the duty to warn a third party in imminent danger
ethical issues relating to research
the impact of an impaired professional
36
in a basic curve or so-called frequency polygon the point of maximum concentration is the
median
range
mode
mean
37
which counselor would most likely say that we choose a job to meet our needs?
John Krumboltz
John O. Crites
Albert Ellis
Robert Hoppock
38
A test battery includes
a valid test
a horizontal test
a vertical test
a reliable test
39
which is one of the most important hallmarks of the formal operations stage of cognitive development
ability to make concrete judgments without direct observation
all the above
ability to plan for the future
ability to reason deductively
40
the Zimbardo Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrated how
people learn through observation
people listen to authority
people conform to social roles
people seek connection
41
in the late 1970s, AACD (renamed ACA in 1992) began to focus on professional credentialing. This led to the formation of
NBCC
CACREP
APGA
CCMHC
42
Occam's Razor suggests that experimenters
interpret the results in the simplest manner
interpret the results in the most complex manner
interpret the results using a correlation coefficent
interpret the results using a clincial interview
43
the only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory that encompasses the entire lifespan was
Bandurra
Freud
Adler
Erikson
44
a group classified as secondary implies that
two theories are utilized
all the above
it is preventative and attempts to ward off problems
a difficulty or disturbance is present
45
self-efficacy theory is based on the work of
Albert Bandura
John Holland
H B Gelatt
Anne Roe
46
What group believed that aggression is learned?
psychoanalytic theorists
sociocultural theorists
behaviorists
social learning theorists
47
a counselor who is an alcoholic and suffering from burnout could best be described as
a paraprofessional
an impaired counselor
a mesomorph
a counselor who is wise enough to use their own experiences to help others
48
When a client becomes aware of a factor in their life which they were previously unaware, counselors refer to it as:
aha! moment
insight
Aha! moment AND insight
deep understanding
49
Primary groups are
generally utilized for long term therapy
always focus on clients childhood
always follow a person centerd paradigm
preventative and attempt to ward off problems
50
the MMPI-2 is
a standardized personality test
an IQ test
a neurological test
a projective personality test
51
When a structural therapist uses the term boundaries he or she really means
the separation of the family members from family of origin
the limits of the human mind
the limits of behavior in the family
physical & psychological entities that separate individuals from others
52
using motivation from within is called
interior motivation
intrinsic motivation
inside motivatioin
idealistic motivation
53
In which Erickson stage does the midlife crisis occur?
integrity vs despair
generativity vs stagnation
trust vs mistrust
Erikson's stages do not include the midlife crisis
54
John Bowlby is associated with what concept
career guidance
attachment and bonding
reality therapy
psychodrama
55
Brill, a career theorist, drew upon psychoanalytic theories. Brill emphasized ____ as an ego defense mechanism.
subliminal
rationalization
sublimation
repression
56
____ helped to popularize the multicultural counseling movement
the creation of the associaiton for mulitcultural counseling & development
WWII
the civil rights movements
when MTC (multicultural theory) was first published in 1996
57
a behavioristic family therapist would use all of the techniques listed below except:
a functional analysis of behavior followed by operant conditioning
modeling
family sculpting
chaining and extinction
58
Talking about difficulties to purge them is a curative process known as:
climax
catharsis
insight
problem solving
59
J. P. Guilford isolated 120 factors that added up to intelligence. He is remembered for
thoughts on convergent and divergent thinking
work on behavior therapy
work to create the first standardized IQ test
work on cognitive therapy
60
Culture refers to
all the above
attitudes, beliefs, art, and language often pasted generation to generation
values shared by a group that are learned from others in the group
customs shared by a group which distinguish it from other groups
61
Cloe Madanes and Jay Haley are associated with the ___ school of family counseling
psychodynamic
strategic
behavioral
object relations
62
which of the following kinds of therapy seeks to help clients find their answers to questions such as: "why am I here?"
reality therapy
psychodrama
existential therapy
narrative therapy
63
which of the following is not a curative factor of the group as outlined by Yalom
group cohesiveness
instillation of hope
intrapersonal learning
universality
64
construct validity refers to the extent that a test measures an abstract trait or notion. An example would be
weight
ego strength
the ability to name all US presidents from memory
height
65
In transactional analysis, the __ is the conscience or ego state concerned with moral behavior; Freud would say it's the
parent / id
adult / unconscious
parent / superego
parent / ego
66
non-directive is to person-centered as
psychological testing is to counseling
appraisal is to research
confounding is to experimenting
parsimony is to Occam's razor
67
what type of partial reinforcement produces the best response to stimuli
fixed ratio schedule
variable interval schedules
variable ratio schedule
fixed interval schedules
68
Linda Gottfredson's developmental theory of career focuses on
the career rainbow
circumscription and compromise theory
fields and levels
on the concept of career maturity
69
Group therapy originally gained traction in the US because
a shortage of individual therapists during WWII
a shortage of competent career counselors
freud's lectures at the time
pressure from nondirective therapists pushing encounter groups
70
all of these theorists could be associated with the analytic movement *except*
Wolpe
Adler
Jung
Freud
71
suppression and repression are different because:
they are the same
suppression is involuntary
repression is involuntary
repression is voluntary
72
it is never acceptable to have sex with a client
True
False
73
which is *not* associated with the psychodynamic movement
Little Hans
Little Albert
Daniel Paul Schreber
Anna O
74
______ and ______ would say that regardless of culture, humans have the instinct to fight
Freud / Lorenz
Bandurra / Lorenz
Freud / Erikson
Erikson / Bandurra
75
Nathan Ackerman is considered a famous psychoanalytic family therapist, so are
Carl Rodgers and Albert Ellis
Arnold Lazarus and Joseph Wolpe
James Framo and Robin Skynner
William Glasser and Robert Wubbolding
76
which of the following is true about counseling within the client's cultural context
the consequences of problems are more ambiguous
counseling interviews hold less meaning
personal identity becomes more clearly defined
behaviors cannot be measured as accurately
77
The DSM-5 no longer uses a multiaxial classification system or GAF scores. Now diagnostic codes have _____ digits
nine (corresponding to DOT)
twelve
two
four or five
78
a counselor interested in trends in the job market should consult the
SIC
OOH
SOC
state department of economic regulation
79
type ii error
is not called a beta error
is called a alpha error
means you acccept the null when it is false
means you reject the null when it is true
80
group content refers to the material discussed in a group setting. Group process refers to
analysis of the unconscious
the t group paradigm
analysis of the ego
the manner in which discussions and transactions occur
81
what psychologist is associated with obedience and authority
B F Skinner
A T Beck
Stanley Milgram
Robert Harper
82
when you conduct group career counseling
structured groups work best
gestalt groups work best
group must be based on the concepts set forth by motivational interviewing
unstructured groups work best
83
prior to the 1960s, most counseling took place
in a group setting
with the entire family present
in a dyadic relationship
in behavior clincis
84
A counselor sets her monthly fees for consultation on a job-by-job basis. This is an example of
fixed ratio reinforcement schedule
fixed interval reinforcement schedule
variable interval reinforcement schedule
variable ratio reinforcement schedule
85
a short answer test is a(n) _____ test
culture free
objective
free choice
forced choice
86
A dog is trained to salivate at the ringing of a bell. What form of conditioning is this?
classical conditioning
none of the above
operant conditioning
reinforcement conditioning
87
respondent behavior refers to
punishment
operants
reflexes
type of phobias
88
how many stages are there of moral reasoning, according to Kohlberg
six
four
two
eight
89
a counselor who says first born children are usually conservative but display leadership qualities is most likely a(n)
Behaviorist who uses a behavioral contract
Freudian who believes in the unconscious mind
Rogerian who stresses the importance of the therapeutic relationship
Adlerian who believes behavior must be studied in a social context
90
which person is associated with the beginning of the guidance movement
Adler
Parsons
Rodgers
Super
91
experiments emphasize parsimony which means
interpreting the results using a clincial interview
interpreting the results using a correlation coefficant
interpreting the results in the simplest way
interpreting the results in the most complex manner
92
in social cognitive career theory, people sometimes eliminate many career possibilities when looking at choices because
they have narrow intrests
none of the above
they follow in their parents footsteps
they have faulty self-efficacy beliefs
93
An empiricist view of development would be
behavioristic
psychometric
against the use of formal statistical testing
humanistic
94
when comparing a tertiary group with a primary or secondary group
the tertiary group is less likley to deal with severe pathology
the tertiary group focuses on the here and now
the tertiary group focuses less on individual members
the tertiary group is more likley to deal with severe pathology
95
insurance pay outs are also called
optional payments
third-poarty payments
psychometric payments
mandated payments
96
most ethical dilemmas are related to
testing
confidentiality
research
diagnosis
97
Jung's "shadow" archetype encompasses which of the following
everything wrong with person
all that is evil
none of the above
all of the things about a person that they will not aknowledge
98
The NCE is an _____ test becasue the scoring procedure is specific
objective
subjective
introspective
prospective
99
counseling became popular after the 1931 publication of
"counseling and psychotherapy" by Carl Rodgers
"the interpretation of dreams" by Sigmund Freud
"workbook in vocations" by William Proctor, Glidden Ross Benefield,
"behaviorism" by John Watson
100
the purpose of interpretation in counseling is to
make the client aware of their unconscious processes
help the therapist appear genuine
make the client aware of nonverbal behaviors
help the client understand feelings and behaviors related to childhood