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Cardiac Patho
Cardiac Patho
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Answers
1
Maladaptive
chemical mediators and their response in heart failure
Endothelin release causes tachycardia
Parasympathetic activation causes tachycardia
Aldosterone release causes fluid diuresis
RAAS activation causes fluid retention
2
The effect of rheumatic fever, often from an untreated a strep infection?
endocarditis and valve disease
coronary artery obstruction and acute MI
venous thrombi and arterial vasospasm
pericarditis and tamponade
3
Helps ensure adequate oxygen
supply
to the heart muscle?
coronary atery patency
parasympathetic nervous system atimulation
increases afterload
heart rate
4
The venous system holds the largest volume with the lowest pressure.
False
True
5
Plaque type with thick fibrous caps, partially block arteries, & don’t tend to form clots or emboli,
stable plaques
unstable plaques
aortic plaques
arterial plaques
6
Pressure-sensitive
receptors located in the walls of blood vessels and the heart
vasomotor receptors
chemoreceptors
baroreceptors
cardiac receptors
7
The right ventricle pumps blood into the
right atria
pulmonary artery
left ventricle
aorta
8
Which is a TRUE statement regarding blood vessel walls?
Wall pressure is the same in arteries and veins
Tunica intima is the outer layer
Valves occur in arteries only.
Wall pressure increases in larger vessels
9
Electrolytes that have the greatest effect on cardiac rhythm stability are
K+, Ca++, Mg++
Ca++, Phosphorus, Cl-
Na++, Cl-, Mg++
K+, Na++, Phosphorus
10
Myocardial remodeling after an infarction causes this change in the heart.
tachycardia
low blood pressure
elastic distendible ventricular walls
muscle wall fibrosis and stiffening
11
All are components of cardiac output EXCEPT
blood oxygenation concentration
contractility
heart rate
stroke volume
12
Best evidence of acute myocardial infarction is
Tachycardia and elevated WBC level
Elevated troponin and ECG changes
Decreased troponin and ECG changes
Fever and elevated BNP levels
13
Which is a component of myocardial infarction patho in the myocardium?
lower oxygen supply than demand in myocardium
decreased release of nitric oxide in myocardium
increased myocardial contractile strength
increased glucogon production in myocardium
14
The condition of excess pericardial fluid
pericarditis
cardiac tamponade
endocarditis
pericardial effusion
15
The leading cause of ischemic heart and brain disease
Hypotension
High cholesterol
Increase lipids
Hypertension
16
This disorder is a stretched out wall of an artery that thins and is at risk for rupture.
aneurysm
varicose veins
phlebitis
vasculitis
17
An accessory route that allows fluid to flow into the blood from interstitial spaces
arterial system
lymphatic system
venous system
caplillary system
18
Which lipoprotein is considered "bad cholesterol" and is associated with atherosclerosis?
VLDL
chylomicrons
LDL
HDL
19
The hemodynamic parameter that has the
greatest effect on oxygen demand
Hemoglobin oxygen saturation
Stroke volume
Heart rate
Coronary artery patency
20
The floppy valve condition that allows backflow of blood from left ventricle to left atria
mitral stenosis
tricuspid stenosis
tricuspid regurgitation
mitral regurgitation
21
Afterload in the heart refers to the
force or strength of cardiac muscle contraction
volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle in one minute
filling pressure of venous blood returning to the right atria
resistance to the left ventricle ejection created by arterial constriction
22
Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) is used to determine the degree of heart failure
False
True
23
Heart failure increases with age due to
increased response to SNS stimulation
increased heart rate
progressive coronary artery occlusion
decreased cardiac contractility
24
The
type of shock
that causes decreased oxygen to organs
due to loss of blood volume
.
Anaphylactic
Cardiogenic
Hypovolemic
Neurogenic
25
Distributive types of shock all occur due to massive vascular dilation resulting in severe hypotension?
False
True
26
Congestive symptoms associated with
right
heart failure
Peripheral edema & loss of appetite
Sinus congestion & runny nose
Chest pain & aortic aneurysm
Lung crackles & tachypnea
27
Systolic
left-sided
heart failure has decreased CO and risk for organ hypoxia.
True
False
28
Autoregulation
of blood flow is mediated by
changes in blood vessel tone
due to
hypoxia
or tissue metabolites.
True
False
29
Which is TRUE of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
There are no genetic tendencies
Heart chamber thickening decreases O2 demand
Heart chamber smaller size decreases stroke volume
Dilated heart chambers raises risk of thrombi
30
The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle over one minute
systole
preload
heart rate
cardiac output
