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Academic Decathlon 2025 - Mega Social Science
Academic Decathlon 2025 - Mega Social Science
200 terms
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Test your knowledge about Earth System Science and its impact on climate change and human societies
Flashcards
200 cards
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Questions
200
Answers
1
What major change occurred in the Anthropocene?
Deindustrialization efforts
Swell in human population
Advent of agriculture
Nature's archives established
2
Which statement is false about early agrarian societies?
Marked by stratification
Developed advanced writing
Stationary over time
Constructed large structures
3
Which subsystem includes water?
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Hydrosphere
Heliosphere
4
What does sedimentation analyze?
Rocks
Trees
Sediments
Ice
5
What role did academic institutions play?
Hindered learning
Delayed learning
Influenced learning
No impact
6
What is a health risk from climate change?
Increased diabetes rates
Shorter flu seasons
Lower cancer rates
Less malnutrition
7
Which is NOT a chronological scale?
Millennia
Weeks
Continents
Days
8
What role did cultural factors play?
No impact
Delayed learning
Hindered learning
Influenced learning
9
World population in 1930?
50 million
2 billion
10 million
1 million
10
What population was around in 1800?
2 billion
600 million
50 million
1 billion
11
When did the Holocene begin?
11,700 years ago
18,200 years ago
21,000 years ago
16,500 years ago
12
Who is the largest emitter of CO2 globally?
United States
China
Russia
India
13
What is the Middle Holocene Subseries also known as?
Gelasian Stage
Greenlandian Stage
Calabrian Stage
Meghalayan Stage
Northgrippian Stage
14
Which Greek word means 'human'?
Chronos
Gaia
Anthropos
Helios
15
Which statement is true about nature's archives?
More reliable than society
Include instrumental records
Contain narrative records
Produced by humans
16
Which civilization was in the Indus Valley?
Mesopotamian
Indus
Greek
Egyptian
17
Who emits the most CO2 globally?
India
USA
Brazil
China
18
Which gas was least emitted in US 2020?
Butane
Carbon dioxide
Nitrous oxide
Methane
19
What defines human-nature relationship in the Anthropocene?
Reciprocal
Direct
Symbiotic
Independent
20
What is found in sediment cores?
Lead
Plastic waste
Ice
Plutonium-239
21
What river is in the Indus Valley?
Nile
Ganges
Indus
Amazon
22
What does the word Anthropocene mean?
Sun
Human
Age
New
Rock
23
Which health issue is NOT linked to climate change?
Increased diabetes rates
Obesity in rural areas
Higher cancer rates
Malnutrition from floods
24
Which country influenced Kirkuk in 1900s?
England
Germany
France
Belgium
25
Grain prices indicate weather conditions?
Temperature readings
Daily weather records
Precipitation levels
Weather and harvests
26
What era follows the Holocene?
Pleistocene
Ecoscene
Anthropocene
Oligocene
27
When was the IPCC convened?
2000
2010
1988
1992
28
Which empire was not in Mesopotamia?
Sumerians
Aztec
Akkadians
Babylonians
29
What does an interglacial period refer to?
Volcanic period
Cool period
Temperate period
Warm period
30
Which is NOT true about early agrarian societies?
Constructed large structures
Established weather tracking
Remained stationary long-term
Marked by economic stratification
31
When did the Middle Holocene begin?
12,000 years ago
10,000 years ago
8,236 years ago
5,000 years ago
32
Which is a chronological period?
Cenozoic
Northgrippian
Quaternary
Holocene
33
Which presidents are linked to the Marshall Institute?
Clinton and Bush
Reagan and Bush
Obama and Trump
Biden and Trump
34
Which proxy uses tree rings?
Coral sampling
Sedimentation
Thermal scaling
Dendrochronology
35
What do Milankovitch cycles represent?
Glacial maximum
Earth's orbit patterns
Tipping points
Anthropocene dawn
36
Which empire was not in Mesopotamia?
Akkadians
Aztec
Sumerians
Babylonians
37
What marks the transition to Middle Ages?
Fall of Rome
Spanish Colonizers
Industrial Revolution
Islamic Golden Age
38
What is unique about Earth System Science?
Studies parts in isolation
Focuses on interactions
Complicated climate framework
Scientific approach for centuries
39
U.S. Chamber's stance on climate change?
Not supporting
Mixed
Opposing
Supporting
40
Which empire was in ancient Mesopotamia?
Maya
Aztec
Sumerians
Inca
41
What stresses human habitats due to migration?
All of the above
Droughts
War
Floods
42
Industry known for sowing doubt?
Television
Fashion
Tobacco
Meatpacking
43
What is a central aim of the UN Charter?
Stop nuclear weapons
Reduce pollution
Prevent use of force
Control climate change
44
Which research program is climate-related?
NASA
WCRP
NOAA
NIFA
45
What influenced climate change learning in mid-20th century?
Static communities
Technological advancements
Cultural factors
Economic growth
46
Which continent was covered in permafrost?
Africa
South America
North America
Australia
47
Charles Keeling researched carbon dioxide in
Hawaii
Virginia
Florida
New Mexico
48
What was the human population in 1780?
Around 4 billion
Around 2 billion
Less than 1 billion
Around 8 billion
49
Middle Holocene began with
Bronze Age
major meltwater event
Laurentide Ice Sheet collapse
last glacial maximum
50
Which is NOT a financial impact?
Loss of flood insurance
Fluctuations in stock prices
Cost of storm mitigation
Success of fishing communities
51
Which is a Milankovitch cycle effect?
Glacial recession
Cold War
Space Race
NASA program
52
What decade began climate change recognition?
1950s
1910s
1850s
1990s
53
Where do geosphere interactions occur?
Thermosphere
Cryosphere
Earth’s crust
Exosphere
54
Which is an example of a negative feedback?
rainforest loss
ice sheets melting at the Poles
the weakening of the polar vortex
sea level rise
55
Which proxy involves ocean floors?
Dendrochronology
Sedimentation
Thermal scaling
Coral sampling
56
Where is the Meghalayan stage named after?
A cave in India
A rock in Ghana
An ice sheet
A tree in Brazil
57
Which health risk is linked to climate change?
Lower infectious diseases
Increased obesity rates
Malnutrition from floods
Higher cancer rates
58
What did scholars study in Egypt?
Pyramid techniques
Military strategies
Irrigation practices
Trade routes
59
Which relates to the geosphere?
Sea level rise
Tectonic plates
Fossil fuels
Melting glaciers
60
Which presidents are linked to the Marshall Institute?
Clinton and Bush
Biden and Trump
Obama and Trump
Reagan and Bush
61
Which proxy uses ocean sediments?
Sedimentation
Thermal scaling
Dendrochronology
Coral sampling
62
Greenhouse gas effect relates to?
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Cryosphere
Hydrosphere
63
Marshall Institute's climate change cause?
Solar energy variation
Industrial pollution
Greenhouse gases
Interglacial melting
64
What is the main feature of the Quaternary period?
Volcanic eruptions
Desertification
Tropical climates
Glacial cycles
65
Kyoto Protocol signed by?
Bill Clinton
Jimmy Carter
Barack Obama
George Bush
66
U.S. Chamber of Commerce climate action stance in 2022?
6 times
25 times
15 times
9 times
67
Which proxy involves ice layers?
Thermal scaling
Ice cores
Sedimentation
Coral sampling
68
What is the last glacial minimum?
Recent warming
Tipping points
Anthropocene dawn
Earth's orbit
69
Humans landed on the moon in the
1960s
1940s
1950s
1970s
70
Which decade recognized climate change awareness?
1910s
1990s
1930s
1950s
71
Which word means 'human' in Greek?
Helios
Anthropos
Gaia
Chronos
72
What is an example of climate change impact?
Cost of storm mitigation
Natural disaster relief
Success of farming
Loss of flood insurance
73
Which is a chronological period?
Holocene
Quaternary
Northgrippian
Cenozoic
74
Second highest GDP in 2021 was?
Canada
India
USA
China
75
What is a financial impact of climate change?
Fluctuations in stock prices
Natural disaster relief
Success of fishing communities
Cost of storm mitigation
76
What is analyzed in ice cores?
Rocks
Ice
Trees
Corals
77
What is a characteristic of nature's archives?
Include narrative records
Older records included
More reliable than society
Produced by humans
78
What is a proxy in climate science?
Indication of past climate
A form of writing
A geological layer
Type of weather tool
79
Which event is MOST closely related to the time period between 1300 and 1850?
the beginning of the Anthropocene
the Renaissance
the Industrial Revolution
the Little Ice Age
80
Who recognized that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could raise temperatures on Earth?
Eunice Newton Foote
Paul J. Crutzen
Bert Bolin
Rachel Carson
81
What was the world population in 1930?
2 billion
1 million
10 million
50 million
82
What role did static communities play?
Influenced learning
Delayed learning
Hindered learning
No impact
83
What role did funding play?
Influenced learning
Delayed learning
No impact
Hindered learning
84
Which period is known for metal tool use?
Holocene
Northgrippian Age
Stone Age
Bronze Age
85
What happened in 1950?
World War II
Space race
Great acceleration
Industrial revolution
86
What does the Keeling Curve show?
CO2 levels
Population
Rainfall
Global temperatures
87
What is the highest altitude atmospheric zone called?
Troposphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere
Stratosphere
88
What role did technological advancements play?
No impact
Hindered learning
Delayed learning
Influenced learning
89
What does the phrase 'Black gold' refer to?
Coal
Cotton
Diamonds
Oil
90
What is a benefit of mitigating emissions?
Increased costs
Economic growth
Environmental damage
Job losses
91
Which program is not climate-related?
NIFA
IGBP
WCRP
GARP
92
Large agricultural societies emerged during
Meghalayan Stage
Middle Holocene
Early Holocene
Greenlandian Stage
93
What marks the end of the early Holocene?
Milankovitch cycles
Subsistence agriculture
Industrial revolution
Glacial ice collapse
94
Oil discovered in Middle East?
Mid-19th century
Early 20th century
Mid-20th century
Late 19th century
95
What is the Meghalayan stage?
Anthropocene stage
Cenozoic stage
Holocene stage
Pleistocene stage
96
What is found in sediment cores?
Plutonium-239
Plastic waste
Ice
Lead
97
Which argument opposes climate action?
Climate action creates jobs
Climate action is costly
Climate action is beneficial
Climate action is easy
98
What inspired the start of the Fridays for Future movement?
Greta Thunberg's protest in front of the Swedish Parliament
European Union's initiatives to combat climate change
United Nations' declaration on climate emergencies
Governmental action on climate change
99
When did the Holocene begin?
Advent of thermal tools
First Milankovitch cycle
Establishment of manufacturing
End of last ice age
100
Which year marks the oldest weather records?
1800s
1900s
1700s
1600s
101
What is the Middle Holocene stage?
Cenozoic stage
Pleistocene stage
Anthropocene stage
Holocene stage
102
What caused the 'year without a summer'?
Prolonged blizzard
Volcanic eruption
Perennial flooding
Glacial melting
103
2022 U.S. Chamber view on climate policy?
Mixed
Strongly supporting
Supporting
Opposing
104
Where was the Mesopotamian Empire?
Iraq
Mexico
China
Russia
105
Main US greenhouse gas in 2020?
Nitrogen
Nitrous oxide
Methane
Carbon dioxide
106
Which is NOT an example of different sized scales?
*****
*****
*****
*****
107
What is the subsystem composed of all the water and ice on Earth called?
geosphere
hydrosphere
atmosphere
biosphere
108
Forcing concept illustrates what?
Climate change causes
Solar activity
Severe drought origins
Geologic time phases
109
Where is the Indus Valley located?
Pakistan
China
Iran
India
110
What is the significance of 1950?
Anthropocene start
Industrial revolution
World War II
Space race
111
Kirkuk was under which colonial power?
Germany
Spain
France
England
112
What is the highest altitude atmospheric zone called?
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Troposphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere
113
Which event occurred in 2019?
AWG approved 1850
AWG rejected Anthropocene
Crutzen used Holocene term
Crutzen introduced climate change
114
What are solar energy, volcanoes, and greenhouse gases examples of?
Positive feedbacks
Subsystems
Forcings
Negative feedbacks
115
What does dendrochronology study?
Corals
Trees
Rocks
Ice
116
Who among these is a climate activist?
Greta Thunberg
Ronald Reagan
Alessandra Korap
Luisa Neubauer
117
What does thermal scaling measure?
Heat
Corals
Ice
Trees
118
Which is an example of a negative feedback?
*****
*****
*****
*****
119
Which empire was in Mesopotamia?
Sumerians
Maya
Aztec
Inca
120
Who measured atmospheric CO2 first?
Newton
Einstein
Keeling
Curie
121
Which country was not a top oil producer in 2022?
Australia
Iraq
United States
Canada
122
Which year saw rapid population increase?
1930
1960
1950
1780
123
What marks the start of the anthropocene?
2000
1900
1950
1800
124
Which statement is true about early agrarian societies?
Had no economic stratification
Constructed large structures
Developed advanced technology
Lacked writing systems
125
Where was the Mesopotamian Empire located?
Africa
Asia
Middle East
Europe
126
What characterizes the Quaternary period?
Volcanic activity
Desertification
Interglacial periods
Warmer temperatures
127
Kyoto Protocol signed by?
Jimmy Carter
Bill Clinton
George Bush
Barack Obama
128
What caused cooler temperatures in 1600s?
Volcanic activity
Solar activity
Greenhouse gases
Sunspots
129
When did humans start using metal tools?
Stone Age
Holocene
Meghalayan Age
Bronze Age
130
When does the oldest fossil record of Homo sapiens date back to?
120,000 years ago
1 million years ago
60,000 years ago
300,000 years ago
131
Which continent had permafrost during the Last Glacial Maximum?
South America
Africa
Australia
Europe
132
Which territory was NOT conquered by Alexander?
Bolivia
Greece
India
Egypt
133
Oil discovered in Middle East?
Mid-19th century
Late 19th century
Early 20th century
Mid-20th century
134
Which year saw a population growth?
1960
1970
1940
1950
135
What event marked the Holocene's start in North America?
Large mammal extinction
Human migration
Younger Dryas
Meltwater event
136
What is the Cenozoic stage?
Pleistocene stage
Geological era
Holocene stage
Anthropocene stage
137
Who argued industries sowed doubt?
Brown & Taylor
Oreskes & Conway
Smith & Johnson
Wilson & Carter
138
What does the Keeling Curve measure?
Rainfall
Temperature
CO2
Population
139
Greenhouse gas effect relates to?
Cryosphere
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Hydrosphere
140
What was the agreement to reduce emissions between 2008 and 2012 called?
Kyoto Protocol
Inflation Reduction Act
Paris Agreement
Green New Deal
141
China's per capita CO2 is roughly __________ of the US.
1/10
1/4
1/2
1/3
142
Where was the Laurentide ice sheet located?
Canada
Ghana
Russia
Brazil
143
Complete the sentence: The year 1950 is significant because...
Space race
Great acceleration
World War II
Industrial revolution
144
What marks the start of the Middle Ages?
Fall of Rome
Spanish Colonizers
Industrial Revolution
Islamic Golden Age
145
Keeling's notable achievement?
CO2 neutralization
CO2 by trees
CO2 measurement
Oxygen from mushrooms
146
Who led the creation of the field of climate history?
Rachel Carson
Paul J. Crutzen
Christian Pfister
Dipesh Chakrabarty
147
Which factor relates to human migration?
Abundant resources
Peaceful environments
Stable economies
Natural disasters
148
What indicates past climate conditions?
Archive
Relation
Vortex
Proxy
149
Which age followed the Stone Age?
Holocene
Northgrippian Age
Meghalayan Age
Bronze Age
150
What is a consequence of melting ice sheets?
Greenhouse effect
Geologic timescale
Milankovitch cycle
Heat wave absorption
151
What did scholars study in ancient Egypt?
Pyramid techniques
Trade routes
Military strategies
Irrigation practices
152
Which hurricane caused billions of dollars in damage in Florida in 2022?
Hurricane Ian
Hurricane Katrina
Hurricane Michael
Hurricane Irma
153
Order these events chronologically
5, 4, 3, 1, 2
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
5, 3, 1, 4, 2
4, 5, 3, 2, 1
154
Which is not a proxy?
Coral sampling
Sedimentation
Thermal scaling
Ice cores
155
What marks the beginning of the Holocene?
End of last ice age
First Milankovitch cycle
Transition to agriculture
Advent of thermal tools
156
Technology marking the anthropocene?
Battery
Electric motor
Telegraph
Steam engine
157
Where do geosphere interactions mostly occur?
Cryosphere
Earth’s crust
Thermosphere
Exosphere
158
Chronologically order these events
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
4, 5, 3, 2, 1
5, 3, 1, 4, 2
5, 4, 3, 1, 2
159
What is the name of the ice core in Greenland used to identify the start of the Holocene?
NEEM
EGRIP
GISP2
DYE-3
160
Grain prices indicate weather conditions?
Precipitation levels
Daily weather records
Weather and harvests
Temperature readings
161
Which is NOT a Chinese dynasty?
Tang
Jin
Han
Delta
162
Which continent was covered in permafrost?
Australia
Africa
Asia
Europe
163
Marshall Institute's key climate change cause?
Greenhouse gases
Industrial pollution
Solar energy variation
Interglacial melting
164
In which year was the Anthropocene recognized as a formal geological epoch?
2000
2019
1995
2009
165
Which technology is linked to the anthropocene?
Electric motor
Telegraph
Steam engine
Battery
166
What is the Northgrippian stage?
Pleistocene stage
Anthropocene stage
Cenozoic stage
Holocene stage
167
Which continent had permafrost?
Australia
Africa
Europe
South America
168
Which is NOT a narrative record?
Agricultural diaries
Monthly precipitation reports
Ship log books
Annual grain prices
169
Which country was the first to successfully land humans on the moon?
Russia
China
United States
India
170
Who is NOT a climate activism figure?
Ronald Reagan
Greta Thunberg
Luisa Neubauer
Vanessa Nakate
171
What is the main difference between Historical Climatology and Climate History?
Different topics of study
More reliable reconstructions of past climates
Newer field of study
Relies on historical methods and conventions
172
What caused cooler temperatures in 1600s-1700s?
Solar activity
Volcanic activity
Sunspots
Greenhouse gases
173
Which is NOT an investment category included within the Justice40 Initiative?
disaster relief
training and workforce development
clean energy
affordable and sustainable housing
174
Early Holocene's end coincided with what?
Industrial revolution
Human agriculture
Glacial ice collapse
Milankovitch cycles
175
Which is not a Holocene stage?
Greenlandian
Northgrippian
Cenozoic
Middle Holocene
176
What is the significance of 1950?
Industrial Revolution
Anthropocene start
World War II end
Cold War start
177
Which is NOT an example of different sized scales?
Solar energy
Volcanoes
Greenhouse gases
Forcings
178
What coincided with the Middle Holocene?
Islamic Golden Age
Roman Empire fall
Glacial collapse
Industrial Revolution
179
The UN Charter aims to prevent
Nuclear weapons
Pollution
Climate refugees
Use of force
180
Cold War pitted US against?
Soviet Union
Vietnam
China
Cambodia
181
When did the world population reach 1 billion?
1750
2000
1800
1900
182
Which is NOT a subsystem?
Biosphere
Hydrosphere
Heliosphere
Atmosphere
183
What is the Greenlandian stage?
Cenozoic stage
Holocene stage
Pleistocene stage
Anthropocene stage
184
Which organization was established after World War II?
WCRP
ICSU
IGBP
UN
NASA
185
Which is NOT an example of a different sized scale?
continent
geological time
ocean
decade
186
What resulted from rising CO2 levels?
NASA program
Cold War
Keeling Curve
Space Race
187
2021's second highest GDP country?
Germany
India
China
Japan
188
Which is NOT an example of different sized scales?
continent
decade
geological time
ocean
189
An interglacial period is a
Cool period
Warm period
Volcanic period
Temperate period
190
Which research program is not climate-related?
GARP
NIFA
WCRP
IGBP
191
Which is a chronological period?
*****
*****
*****
*****
192
Which is a characteristic of Earth System Science?
Scientific for centuries
Complicated framework
Focuses on one part
Studies interactions
193
When was the IPCC convened?
1980s
1950s
1960s
1990s
194
Which layer is NOT part of the earth's atmosphere?
Exosphere
Mesosphere
Cirrosphere
Troposphere
195
Which civilization was in the Indus Valley?
Greek
Indus
Egyptian
Mesopotamian
196
Keeling's main contribution?
Neutralizing CO2
Mushroom oxygen
CO2 formula
CO2 measurement
197
What is a consequence of climate action?
Higher costs
Job creation
Economic decline
Increased pollution
198
What illustrates climate change causes?
Forcing concept
Geologic time phases
Solar activity
Infrared radiation
199
What does coral sampling analyze?
Trees
Corals
Ice
Rocks
200
Who did the US face in the Cold War?
China
Soviet Union
Vietnam
Cambodia
