Psych Midterm

What is Education Psychology?

"Has the student acquired the pre-requisite skills?"

Erikson Psychosocial Development contains eight stages - universal needs of all people throughout their life

How does a child learn a language?

Practice, Reinforcement, Development study skills/strategies/self-regulatory skills

Intimacy vs. Isolation

"Has the student had enough practice, was the material presented in a meaningful way?"

Fundamental Student Needs

Principles of Development

Learning does not occur when the child is stressed, needs to be a positive environment

Autonomous Morality

Preoperational (2-6) child learns how to use symbols, words/numbers understand world, only see their perspective

"Does the student typically learn slower than others?"

Tasks/Instructional Practices/Classroom Relationships/Inartistic & Extrinsic Motivation

The extent to which a test produces consistent results

Prefrontal Cortex takes 20yrs fully functioning, control decision making/goal setting/controlling/process/risk-taking

The four stages of Cognitive Development

Development is;

Initiative vs. Guilt

The best predictor of future academic success is an early mastery of literacy and numeracy skills

Concrete Operations (7-11) child understands/applies logic/experiences here and now

Executive Function Skills such as paying attention, decision making

Inquiry-Based learning presents faces, uses questions, problems, scenarios help the student learn through own agency

Hierarchical classification of cognitive learning objectives, 6 distinct levels

What step in Backward Design: "How will I determine whether or not they have learned"?

Second guiding principle guides teaching explanations/demonstrating pictures/models/manipulatives

Explicit teaching systematic instructional method words by teaching small amounts info/provide lots of practice

Selected response Questions

Reflective Practioner makes a choice to analyze/think about their practice/dynamic process

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Summative Assessment takes place after instruction, looks at how well students learned material

Good Self-esteem, sense of competence, optimism, personal control, motivation to learn, self-disciplined, feel contacted

What step in Backward Design: "How will I teach it"?

Integrity vs. Despair

Students have their own knowledge/co-constructing it with you - already have their own ideas/theories

Assessment Principles are used to Guide Instruction

Instructional system designed/delivered with needs of the least independently able students in mind

Individuals create cognitive functioning abilities to achieved mental equilibrium

Fundamental Psychological Needs involves

Industry vs. Inferiority

All behaviour is communicated

Formal Operations (12+) ability think abstractly, develop reasoning, thinking becomes more complex

The extent to which a test assesses what is supposed to be assessed

Remembering, Understanding, Applying, Analyzing, Creating & Evaluating - indicate thinking required for certain learning

Designing questions, tests, exams (reliability & Validity)

Formative assessment takes place during instruction

__________ based on a range of tasks that a child can't perform on their own, but with support/guidance

students do not have the capacity to utilize any coping strategies

Direct Instruction is where teachers use explicit teaching techniques teach specific skill to their students

Sensorimotor (0-2) infants knowledge of world based off senses try understand world through senses

Topics covered by the test, number of questions used to assess each topic, level of thinking required each categ

Constructivism is a theory posits humans are meaning-makers in their lives and essentially construct their own realities

Dynamic Classroom develops caring supportive relationships, optimizes students access to learning, development skills

Trust vs. Mistrust

"Cognitive strategy purposeful/controllable thinking process actively promotes understanding/retention knowledge"

Schemes/Schemas don't organize behaviours/thoughts into coherent systems

6 levels of Blooms taxonomy

Development is a series of physical/cognitive/social & emotional changes

What should students know about their teacher's assessment plan?

There are 5 steps in the Research Process

What step in Backward Design: "What do I want my students to Learn"

The child is embedded in interactive systems, ecological theory or ecosystem around child

Two-step process for making sure a teacher-made test has high validity

Curricular Planning is learning experiences/goals that students develop not that teachers

Heteronomous Morality

Piaget believed in the natural curiosity of children, like scientists, try to think theories of why world works

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Vygotsky _____________________

Content Validity is the most important criterion in the teacher-generated assessment - evaluates test/questions

What step in Backward Design: "What will I teach"?

The main objective of teaching is to facilitate students acquisition of knowledge/skills/attitudes/thinking

What are the following approaches to Instructional Planning?

Five steps in Research Process

Vygotsky created stages of Cognitive Development not Zone of proximal Development

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Education is TWO predominant teacher functions

Instructional Mechanisms

Third guiding based on realization learning is a highly complex function

They're four stage of Cognitive Development

What motivates students to learn?

Constructed-response Questions

Where emotions are centred, neo-cortex goes offline when under stress, fight or flight

Universal instructional design conceptualizes teaching/an instructional system designed/delivered least Indep student

Clear Learning objectives, well-planned lessons, explicit teaching, lots of practice,

Intrinsic motivation is not powerful and shouldn't be nurtured as much as possible

Gain attention, power/control, exact retribution personal slights, conceal inadequacy, cannot verbalize big emotions

Diagnostic Assessment completed before instruction

Adaptation is adjusting to one's surrounding environment

The Four commonplaces of Educational Psychology