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D1.2 Protein synthesis + IB Biology 2023 - D3.3 Homeostasis (HL) + IB Biology 2023 - D3.1 - Pla Flashcards | StudBud
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D1.2 Protein synthesis + IB Biology 2023 - D3.3 Homeostasis (HL) + IB Biology 2023 - D3.1 - Pla
D1.2 Protein synthesis + IB Biology 2023 - D3.3 Homeostasis (HL) + IB Biology 2023 - D3.1 - Pla
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Answers
1
What happens if the solute concentration of the blood is too low?
Much water is reabsorbed from the filtrate flowing past.
Little water is reabsorbed from the filtrate flowing past.
2
They are examples of antibiotic resistant bacteria.
Escherichia coli
MDR-TB
MRSA
Helicobacter pylori
3
What process is being shown in the image?
Transcription
Amino acids
Replication
Protein synthesis
4
Veins carry the low pressure blood back to the heart using valves to ensure blood flows in the correct direction.
False
True
5
What molecule is produced during translation?
mRNA
rRNA
Protein
Amino acids
6
The overuse of antibiotics increases antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
False
True
7
They protect the floral organs during development.
sepals
style
petals
stigma
8
The kidney has the twin roles of...
regeneration
osmoregulation
blood flow
excretion
9
Which of the following are factors of coronary heart disease and heart attacks?
Heart disease is random and there is nothing you can do to limit it
Genetics, biological sex, Age, diet, hypertension, smoking and diet
Exercising, eating healthy, being short, having brown hair
Lack of exercise, eating unhealthy, vaping instead of smoking
10
Select the appropriate method of reabsorption for...
water.
osmosis
facillitated diffusion
cotransport
active transport
11
Genetic variation is generated.
asexual reproduction
sexual reproduction
12
What structure carries out translation?
Ribosome
Amino Acids
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
13
What are the key substances that must be reabsorbed?
Water
Sodium and chloride ions
Amino acids
Glucose
14
coronary arteries provide blood supply to the heart muscles
False
True
15
It occurs when the pollen tube reaches the center of the ovule where the female gamete is located.
embryo development
pollination
fertilization
16
Where does ultrafiltration happen?
distal convoluted tubule
proximal convoluted tubule
glomerulus
collecting duct
17
What does a "codon" code for?
mRNA
A Protein
tRNA
An amino acid
18
Vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ________ water reabsorption.
decreases
increases
19
Lymphocytes are a type of red blood cell
True
False
20
Which type of RNA contains "codons"?
tRNA
mRNA
rRNA
21
Lymphocytes produce antibodies.
True
False
22
Eating unhealthy, not exercising, smoking, and obesity don't have an increased risk for coronary heart diseases
False
True
23
When hemoglobin is fully saturated with four oxygen bound it is in its...
T state
R state
24
Cells with branching outgrowths that wrap around the capillaries of the glomerulus.
Basement membrane
ADH
Foot processes
Podocytes
25
Which type of RNA contains anticodons?
rRNA
tRNA
mRNA
26
Sodium ions are pumped out of the filtrate in the loop of Henle.
True
False
27
What are the 3 stages of Translation?
Met - Arg - STOP
DNA mRNA tRNA
DNA RNA Protein
Initiation Elongation Termination
28
Each of the four subunits in a hemoglobin molecule has a heme group
True
False
29
Which molecule is pictured?
tRNA
rRNA
mRNA
Ribosome
30
how does the wall thickness, lumen size, and muscle & elastic allow arteries to withstand & maintain high blood pressure
The elastic ability allows for the lumen to change size and keep pressure
The Lumen size and wall thickness increase & decrease to help the pressure
Both Red and Blue
they don't help the pressure
31
The codon is says UAA but the anticodon says AUU, what is the amino acid found on this tRNA molecule is...
stop
tyrosine
isoleucine
methionine
32
Which correctly identifies two differences between blood and tissue plasma
Blood plasma is a type of tissue plasma
Tissue plasma has more CO2 while blood plasma has more proteins
Blood and tissue plasma are the same
tissue plasma is a type of blood plasma
33
If microorganisms get past the skin and mucous membranes, white blood cells are the next line of defense.
False
True
34
Select the
female
parts of a flower.
stigma, style and pollen
stigma, filament and ovary
stigma, style and ovule
anther, filament and ovary
35
What is myogenic contraction?
The end stage of the cardiac cycle
The process of which the heart and lungs work together
Heart contraction
The signal for cardiac compression arises within the heart tissue itself
36
Identify the type of seed dispersal shown in the image.
attached to animal coats
winged to catch the wind
eaten by animals
seed pod explosion
37
What molecules serves as the basis for the genetic code?
rRNA
RNA
tRNA
mRNA
38
This is a human karyotype. How can the species of organism be determined by looking at a karyotype?
Count the total number of chromosomes
Count the number of autosomes
Look at the shape of the chromosomes
Count the number of sex chromosomes
39
The reduction in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen in high carbon dioxide concentrations
Bohr Shift
Boor Shift
Dhor Shift
Door Shift
40
Blood flows into the glomerulus through an ______ arteriole and leaves the glomerulus through an ______ arteriole.
efferent --- afferent
afferent --- efferent
41
Which type of RNA carries the genetic code from the nucleus to a ribosome?
tRNA
protein
rRNA
mRNA
42
There are examples of pathogens in most of the principal groups of microorganisms but...
bacteria
fungi
protista
archeae
43
Percentage saturation rises until the partial pressure 10 kPa, above which hemoglobin becomes 100% saturated.
False
True
44
Which path is the correct propagation of electrical signal from the SA node through the heart?
SA node- AV node- blood leaves the heart
Bundle of his- SA node- contraction
The SA node doesn't affect the heart at all
SA node- AV node- Bundle of his- Ventricles- contraction- blood leaves
45
Spongiform encephalopathy is caused by a...
bacterium
prion
amoeba
virus
46
What are the causes and effects of coronary occlusion
Red and Blue
Heart starts to spasm due to the absence of ATP and can stop altogether
They help increase the blood flow to the heart and has no side effects
It is the obstruction of blood flow to the heart
47
Mucous membranes are also a primary defense mechanism.
True
False
48
Does the graph correctly show the pressures during the cardiac cycle
The graph has both aortic and ventricular pressures correct
Aortic pressure is wrong while the ventricular pressure is correct
Aortic pressure is right while the ventricular pressure is wrong
Both are wrong
49
what causes the change in systolic and diastolic pressures?
atrial contraction causes a change in preasure
All of these are involved in the change of systolic and diastolic pressure
opening of valves
blood flows between the atria and ventricle
50
What are the causes of diseases?
all microorganisms
environmental
pathogens
genetic
51
HIV invades and destroys...
B-cells
T-cells
52
What are the commonest and most diverse agents of pollination?
wind
bats
insects
birds
53
Homologous structures suggest that organisms
lived at different times
are now extinct
have a skeletal structure
have a common ancestor
54
Evidence from cladistics has shown that classifications of some groups based on structure...
Always corresponded with the evolutionary origins of a group
Must be reclassified every 10 years
Did not correspond with the evolutionary origins of a group
Will never require classification
55
The loop of Henle uses a __________ system.
concurrent
countercurrent
56
Darwin's theory of evolution suggests that
different species can interbreed
extinct species are not related
species change over time
animals that look alike are the most closely related
57
What is the red structure in the image?
tRNA
rRNA
Ribosome
mRNA
58
In many plants, the pollen fails to germinate or the pollen tube stops growing. This is called...
self-incompatability
seed dispersal
cross-incompatability
allelopathy
59
Which of the following together form a clade?
B. brydei and B. novaeagliae
B. physalus and B. bonaerensis
B. brydei and B. borealis
B. physalus and B. musculus
60
It prevents plasma proteins from being filtered out, due to their size and negative charges.
Podocytes
Basement membrane
ADH
Foot processes
61
The halving of chromosome number happens during...
mitosis
meiosis
62
Are antibodies specific?
Yes, very.
No, they are not.
63
Which of the following defines a clade?
Group of organisms that have evolved from separate ancestors
A single organism that has evolved from multiple ancestors
A single organism that has evolved from a single ancestor
Group of organisms that have evolved from a common ancestor
64
There is a positive correlation between the number of differences between two species and...
The frequency of analogous structures
The frequency of homologous structures
The time since they diverged from different ancestors
The time since they diverged from a common ancestor
65
The total volume of glomerular filtrate produced by the kidneys per day is small.
False
True
66
During vigorous exercise, there is a _________ supply of blood to the kidneys.
increased
reduced
67
Medullas are salty! Does this joke make sense?
Yes, it does!
No, it doesn't.
68
The myogenic heart rate can be adjusted by neural and endocrine feedback mechanisms
True
False
69
The energy to create the osmotic concentration gradient is expended by wall cells in the ______ of the hoop of Henle.
ascending limb
descending limb
70
The pentadactyl limb is considered a:
Homologous structure
Analogous structure
71
The main difference between the glomerular filtrate and blood plasma.
ion content
protein content
urea content
glucose content
72
Phagocytes...
squeeze out through pores in the walls of capillaries
digest pathogens using lysosomes
engulf pathogens by endocytosis
can move to sites of infection
73
hybrid species are fertile
False
True
74
Hormones such as epinephrine and thyroxine, and sympathetic nervous system activity increase the heart rate
False
True
75
What is structure number
9
?
loop of Henle
proximal convoluted tubule
glomerulus
collecting duct
76
Which pairs the source of adrenaline and the effects on the heart rate?
Adrenal gland and it has no effect on the heart rate
The adrenal gland takes in the epinephrine & causes the heart rate to slow
The brain tells the adrenal glands to release & it increases the heart rate
77
What is structure number
8
?
proximal convoluted tubule
distal convoluted tubule
78
Where does translation take place?
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
79
Increases in carbon dioxide concentration decrease the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
True
False
80
atrial diastole & ventricular systole the atria relaxes and the ventricles contract forcing blood to leave the heart
True
False
81
Select the appropriate method of reabsorption for...
glucose and amino acids.
active transport
osmosis
facillitated diffusion
cotransport
82
What is needed to be done to the RNA during post-transcriptional modification?
5' cap is added
Poly A tail is added
Introns are removed, 5' cap and poly A tail is added
5" cap and poly A tail is added
83
The kidney carries out osmoregulation by varying the relative amounts of water and salts that are removed in urine.
False
True
84
what is tissue fluid
extracellular fluid that is in the lymphatic system that is used
It is apart of the immune system to fight cancer and infections
All of the above
85
Where in the nephron is the glomerulus located?
loop of Henle
Bowman's capsule
86
Which of these make RNA different from DNA?
Uracil
Phosphate
Single-stranded
Ribose
87
How are the structures of capillaries adapted to best support their job?
The Lumen is decreased in diameter to fit one single cell
The wall is one cell thick
ALL of these help make the diffusion of 02 & CO2 easier for the capillaries
the branching off of arteries and have many fenestrations to move 02
88
Spliceosomes cut out this type of RNA...
Optimus Primons
Exons
Notrons
Introns
89
The glomerular filtrate contains lots of...
salt
proteins
glucose
90
Pacemaker cells in the SA node control and tell the heart when to contract
False
True
91
What is structure number
4
?
loop of Henle
glomerulus
proximal convoluted tubule
collecting duct
92
It contains loops of Henle and collecting ducts.
Medulla
Cortex
93
Because of cooperative binding, oxygen saturation of hemoglobin is not directly proportional to oxygen concentration
True
False
94
What is the cardiac cycle?
The process of resetting the heart beat
the series of events that take place during single heart beat in the heart
What happens during a beat outside of the heart
The cardiac cycle is fake
95
Infection by HIV can happen via...
sex without a condom
childbirth
hugs
sharing of hypodermic needles
96
They produce pollen.
stigma
style
anthers
filaments
97
They are examples of antigens.
surface of cells from other humans
parasites
molecules on the surface of cancer cells
pollen
98
Antibiotics are effective against viruses.
False
True
99
It captures pollen from insects.
ovules
ovary
style
stigma
100
In this picture, you can see...
embryo development
fertilization
pollination
101
The walls of the ______ are impermeable to water.
descending limb
ascending limb
102
Any change to the DNA sequence is called a
Translation
Transcription
Replication
Mutation
103
Can the kidneys increase and decrease the osmotic concentration of blood?
No!
Yes!
104
Select the features of an insect-pollinated flower.
protruding feathery stigmas
Both these answer are correct.
brightly colored petals and nectar
105
During atrial systole and ventricular diastole the blood is being pushed into the ventricle due to atrial contraction
True
False
106
The biological species concept defines a species as
Groups of organisms in a population that share traits
Population that can mate and produce fertile offspring
Population that is able to mate successfully
Populations that live in the same ecosystem
107
According to this cladogram, who is more closely related?
Lemurs and Apes
Tarsiers and new world monkeys
Lorises and humans
Old world monkeys and lorises
108
Divergent evolution describes
Species of different ancestors that become similar
Species of different ancestors that stay different
Species of same ancestors that become different
Species of the same ancestors that stay similar
109
The immune response to an antigen is the production of antibodies.
True
False
110
Does reabsorption happen in the loop of Henle?
No!
Yes!
111
Hemoglobin is the oxygen transport protein carried by red blood cells.
True
False
112
It contains all the glomeruli and Bowman's capsules and the proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
Cortex
Medulla
113
The two main structures of the kidney.
outer medulla and inner cortex
outer cortex and inner medulla
114
Long-term immunity happens thanks to...
plasma cells
memory cells
115
The ______ has the same osmotic concentration as most other tissues of the body.
Medulla
Cortex
116
parasympathetic nervous system activity decreases the heart rate
False
True
117
Blood pressure in the glomerulus is...
high
low
118
The immune system is divided in two parts.
The adaptive immune system
The secondary immune system
The primary immune system
The innate immune system
119
An octopus eye and a human eye are ________ because they evolved independently of one another.
coevolutionary structures
vestigial structures
homologous structures
analogous structures
120
Homologous structures have...
different structure, similar function
different function, similar structure
121
It holds the ovules until fertilization.
anther
stigma
ovary
filament
122
The first part of the nephron.
Bowman's capsule
Loop of Henle
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
123
Which are examples of convergent evolution?
Echidnas and Anteaters having long tongues
Finches on Galapagos having different shaped beaks
Eohippos evolving into the modern horse
Sharks and dolphins being streamlined with fins
124
Which is the function of arteries
Arteries carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart and to muscles
Carries blood back to the heart and to the lungs
blood to tissues that need it.carry high pressure, oxygenated blood away
Unrelated with the circulation of blood & component of the nervous system
125
Who believed in evolution by "acquired traits"?
Lamark
Wallace
Ridley
Darwin
126
ADH induces expression of water transport proteins in the _____ and _____ to increase water reabsorption.
collecting duct
distal convoluted tubule
vasa recta
proximal convoluted tubule
127
When oxygen binds to one heme group, conformational changes are caused
True
False
128
Osmoregulation allows the water content and pressure of cells to be controlled.
True
False
129
Blood plasma consist of nutrients, waste, and other blood content to be carried around the body
False
True
130
Which of the structures of veins correctly explains how they help with the movement of blood
All of the Above
Pocket valves- help make sure there is no backflow of blood in veins
Wall- Thin and less elastic because of the low pressure in veins
skeletal muscles- less muscle creates less resistance for veins
131
Convergent evolution is ...
splitting of an ancestral group into two different species
responsible for the development of analogous structures
independent development of similar features in diff species
also known as adaptive radiation
132
Which shows the correct direction of diffusion of substances between cells and tissue liquid
oxygen diffuese out of out of the blood into the tissue
Both Red and Blue
CO2 goes from the tissues into the blood
None of the above
133
Heart rate can be controlled by the connection of nerves to the medulla oblongata (connects spine w/ brain)
True
False
134
Which of these is NOT used as evidence of evolution?
fossils
embryos
environment
homologous structures
135
Are all flowers hermaphrodites?
Yes.
No.
136
We have only a small number of lymphocytes for producing each type of antibody. How does the body solve this problem?
clones
meiosis
137
How many types of amino acid can a tRNA molecule grab?
1
2
4
3
138
What is carbaminohemoglobin?
Hemoglobin bound to oxygen
Hemoglobin bound to carbon dioxide
139
Select the alternative that shows the
virus
and then the
disease.
AIDS - HIV
HIV - AIDS
140
It leads to the fusion of male and female gametes from different plants, so it promotes genetic variation.
Cross-pollination
Self-pollination
141
Some vaccines use a live but attenuated version of the pathogen
False
True
142
What is the primary defense of our body?
macrophages
helper T-cells
our skin
antibodies
143
The walls of the ______ are impermeable to sodium ions.
ascending limb
descending limb
144
Which of the following describes the function of the nervous system components that affect the heart rate
baroreceptors-regulate the blood levels chemoreceptor- chemical changes
All of the above
vagus nerve- slows down the heart rate
sympathetic nerve- speeds up the heart rate
145
Antibodies are...
nucleic acids
carbohydrates
proteins
lipids
146
What do you call the area of the cladogram indicated here?
Group
Clade
Species
Population
147
What molecule makes mRNA?
RNA polymerase
DNA polymerase
Polymerase
Helicase
148
What is structure number
5
?
loop of Henle
proximal convoluted tubule
collecting duct
glomerulus
149
Pollen is...
the male gamete
the female gamete
150
Fully oxygenated blood is carried to the lungs
True
False
151
To ____ the osmotic concentration of blood, little water is removed by producing small volumes of hypertonic urine.
decrease
increase
152
It is the first stage in the production of urine.
megafiltration
ultrafiltration
super filtration
filtration
153
Where does transcription take place?
Nucleus
Ribosome
Cytoplasm
Enzyme
154
Which of the following correctly identifies the function of the artery walls
All of the above
Tunica intima- inner most layer and helps the structure of the arteries
Tunica Externa- A tough outer layer that is used as a connecter tissue
Tunica Media- A smooth layer helps; with the elasticity of the artery
155
Unused or needed proteins are broken down by _____________
Pepsin
Proteosomes
Aminosomes
Elastisomes
156
The innate immune system contains...
phagocytes
Antibody-producing lymphocytes
157
It is the transfer of pollen from an anther in a flower on one plant to a stigma of a flower on another plant.
Self-pollination
Cross-pollination
158
Adult hemoglobin has a stronger affinity for oxygen than fetal hemoglobin
True
False
159
Should you take IB Biology
No
Yes
160
If a tissue shows high rates of cellular respiration, there is a greater release of...
oxygen
carbon dioxide
161
Hemoglobin has...
Five subunits
Two subunits
Four subunits
Three subunits
162
The part of the plant that is used for sexual reproduction.
stem
root
flower
leaf
163
Sickle cell anemia causes...
prevents malaria if you have the recessive trait
hemoglobin to stick together
a mutation in the hemoglobin protein
prevents oxygen from getting to tissue
164
One of the reasons blood pressure in the glomerus is high.
The efferent arteriole being narrower than the afferent arteriole
The afferent arteriole being narrower than the efferent arteriole
165
In capillaries diffusion goes from high to low gradient levels and this allows for the blood plasma to diffuse out
True
False
166
Survival of fittest means?
the organism well suited to be the biggest and strongest
the organism that has undesirable traits
organisms with the best traits (adaptations) will survive and reproduce
the organism that hits the gym the most
167
Plants have developed method of promoting cross-pollination and avoiding inbreeding.
False
True
168
Select the
male
parts of a flower.
ovules & ovary
anther & filament
anther & style
stigma & filament
169
What molecule is produced in transcription?
rRNA
RNA
tRNA
mRNA
170
The bulk of selective reabsorption is accomplished by the...
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Bowman's capsule
Distal convoluted tubule
171
They are examples of zoonotic diseases.
rabies
Japanese encephalitis
cancer
tuberculosis
172
Organisms that invade the body and can be seen with the naked eye
Parasites
Pathogens
173
Which defines systolic and diastolic blood pressure?
Both pressures are even and don't change
systolic blood pressure is high & diastolic pressure is low as it contracts
Systolic is low while diastolic is high as it contracts
174
It is the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma.
embryo development
pollination
fertilization
175
Select the structure of the filter unit.
Foot processes
Basement membrane
ADH
Podocytes
176
What is the genetic material of HIV?
DNA
RNA
177
The main nitrogenous waste product in mammals.
uric acid
urea
ammonia
178
Almost all of the filtrate must be reabsorbed into the blood.
True
False
179
tRNA is _____________ to a single type of amino acid
specific
non-specific
broken down
catalyzed
180
If there are large numbers of aquaporins in a membrane the permeability to water is _____.
low
high
181
The part of the antibody that binds to the antigen.
hypervariable region
light chain
variable region
heavy chain
182
The site in the ribosome where the amino acids are bonded together
P site
E site
A site
Q site
183
Select the appropriate method of reabsorption for...
sodium and chloride ions.
osmosis
facillitated diffusion
cotransport
active transport
184
It is an example of inbreeding.
Cross-pollination
Self-pollination
185
Drugs and pigments are not eliminated through the urine.
False
True
