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NRS502 Revision
NRS502 Revision
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1
Which word describes "results measuring what they are supposed to measure"?
Reliability
Probability
Frequency
Validity
2
What does "explanatory sequential" mean in mixed methods research?
Only qualitative data is collected
Qual. data is collected, then assessment for the need of quantitative data
Qualitative research comes first, then informs quantitative data selection
Qualitative research first, then quantitative helps explain the findings
3
This sampling method focuses on experience and collects data from stories of individuals:
Narrative methodology
Grounded theory
Ethnography
Case study
4
Positivism and deductive reasoning are characteristics of which type of research?
Quantitative
Qualitative
5
Which word does, "the sum of numbers divided by the count of numbers", describe?
Median
Mean
Inferential statistics
Descriptive statistics
6
What is a positivist paradigm?
Focuses on explanation and prediction
Focuses on generating theory
7
Which word refers to, "the number of times you expect something to happen?"
Reliability
Validity
Sensitivity
Probability
8
What kind of bias is due to errors and systematic differences in relevant characteristics?
Performance bias
Selection bias
Attrition bias
Measurement bias
9
What is an interpretivist paradigm?
Focuses on generating theory
Focuses on explanation and prediction
10
A quasi-experimental study is used when randomisation is impractical/unethical
True
False
11
How might you collect data in a qualitative research project?
Closed questionaires
Interviews and focus groups
Surveys
Experiments
12
What does, "data saturation", mean in qualitative research?
Themes are still being explored
No new themes of information are being identified
P-value is statistically significant
Recruitment numbers reach the power calculation
13
Select the 3 different research methodologies used within the quantitative paradigm:
Phenomenology, ethnography, grounded theory
Mixed methods, case study, RCT
Surveys, grounded theory, case study
Case control studies, cohort studies, RCT
14
Which is the most likely consequence of implementing evidence-based practice?
Patients and their families will always be involved in decision-making
Highest quality of care, best outcomes likely to be achieved
Care decisions will be based on the highest quality of research available
No variation in the care given to patients with the same condition
15
Which research study uses trail arms?
Cohort study
Statistical analysis
Narrative analysis
RCT
16
What does double binding mean in a RCT?
The patient/investigators don't know the type of treatment being recieved
The patient/investigator/person analysing the data doesn't know the treat..
The patient does know they treatment they are recieving
The patient does not know the type of treatment they are recieving
17
Answer the question below:
The difference between men/women is small AND statistically insignificant
The difference between men/women is small BUT statistically significant
The difference between men and women is not clinically significant
The difference between men and women is clinically significant
18
What is a dependent variable?
The response/behaviour/outcome the researcher wants to explain
Something the researcher can change
Something that affects the independent variable
A stimulus that can be manipulated
19
What best describes the importance of including confidence intervals with research results?
They indicate whether the sample is large enough
They indicate the p-value
They indicate potential clinical significance when the results are not
They tell you whether data is missing from the sample
20
Which word refers to whether an experiment will show similar results when performed multiple times?
Probability
Validity
Reliability
Sensitivity
21
Which research design allows us to observe the same participants over a long period of time?
Longitudinal survey
Randomised controlled trials
Case-control study
Case study
22
Select the correct order for the Hierarchy of Evidence from highest to lowest:
RCT, systematic reviews, interviews, case studies, observational studies
Systematic reviews, RCT, observational studies, case studies, opinions
RCT, systematic reviews, observational studies, case studies, opinions
Systematic reviews, RCT, case studies, observational studies, opinions
23
How might you collect data in a quantitative research project?
Focus groups
Interviews
Open ended questions
Closed questionaires
24
Which of these are barriers to EIDM?
Time
Inability to access research
Cultural resistance to change
All of the above
25
How is statistical significance established at the outset of a research study?
Determining the minimum important difference that needs to be observed
Ensuring all patients can be followed up
Ensuring a sufficiently large sample can be recruited
By agreeing the level of the p-value to be used when analysing results
26
This sampling method divides the population into seperate groups, then selects a random sample:
Cluster sampling
Simple random sampling
Stratified sampling
27
What information does a survey aim to collect?
Beliefs
Attitudes
Opinions
Knowledge
28
What is most likely to reduce the likelihood of successfully implementing research findings into practice?
Including too few stakeholders
Only including active stakeholders
Only including passive stakeholders
Failing to identify appropriate stakeholders
29
A pain scale, i.e. levels of Low, Medium and High, is an Ordinal variable.
False
True
30
Which word describes, "the chances of detecting the present disease", and is usually expressed as a percentage?
Specificity
Sensitivity
Sensebility
Side effects
31
Select the correct statement about DEDUCTIVE research:
Uses a Positivist approach
It relies on reflexivity
Is used in qualitative data
It is used in Grounded Theory
32
How is statistical significance identified with p-value?
0.05 or less
0.5 or less
0.051 or more
0.06 or less
33
What is the most important reason for using a framework, such as SPIDER, to formulate clinical questions?
Ensures the right comparison is included within the question
Increases the likelihood best evidence will be identified quickly
It helps identify the patient population
It guarentees all relevant evidence will be identified
34
What is not a data collection method in qualitative research?
Video observation
Focus groups
Likert scale
Interviews
35
A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning is called:
Inference
Interfence
Interfierence
Sasha fierce
36
What is the aim of a survey?
To gain information from a small sample in a population
To answer questions about prevelance, distribution & relations of variables
To establish caution
To develop qualitative data
37
Choose the 3 different reserach metholodgies of the qualitative paradigm:
Ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory
Surveys, grounded theory, case study
Case control studies, cohort studies, randomised controlled trial
Mixed methods, case study. randomised controlled trial
38
What kind of question would best be answered by Positivst research designs?
Questions about lived experience
Questions about meanings
Questions about clinical outcomes
Questions about experiences
39
The theory of knowledge with regards to its methods, validity, scope and distinction between belief and opinion is:
Epistemology
Ontology
Epidemiology
Ontiology
40
Interpretivist and inductive are characteristics of which type of research?
Qualitative
Quantitative
41
Inductive reasoning is based on quantitative data.
True
False
42
Which type of research uses probability sampling?
Qualitative
Quantitative
43
What kind of bias is of concern with survey analysis?
Researcher bias
Selection bias
Attrition bias
Sampling bias
44
What does appraisal and implementation mean in research?
To collect and analyse data
To analyse and interpret data
To research and collect data
To interpret research and apply it into practice
45
Why might qualitative research be considered less important than data obtained from RCT?
The findings are based on interview data
The findings are not methodologically robust
The findings are not usually generalisable
The findings generally lack rigour
46
Which of these is a sampling method used in quantitative data?
Snowball
Purposive
Convenience
Probability
47
What is an independent variable?
None of the above
Something that cannot be changed by the researcher
A stimulus or activity that can be manipulated or varied
A stimulus or activity that stays the same
48
ROC analysis stands for?
Recieving Optimal Character
Recieve Optimal Characteristics
Reciever Operating Characteristics
Recieve Optimal Character
49
What is the purpose of a Cohort Study?
To be in a non-randomised trial
To be placed in the arm of a trial
To be in a study that compares groups
To study participants experiencing a common event
50
What is NOT a main function of evidence-based practice?
Ensures practice remains current
Helps develop nursing research in the future
Ensures patients are involved in decision-making
Ensures clinical guidelines are always followed
51
Which research design compares patients with a disease to patients who don't, and looks for risk factors?
Systematic review
Thematic analysis
Cohort study
Case control study
