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2020 Spring Exam 1 Review (1,2,3,5) Flashcards | StudBud
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2020 Spring Exam 1 Review (1,2,3,5)
2020 Spring Exam 1 Review (1,2,3,5)
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1
Which of the following people coined the term
positivism
, and is widely considered the father of sociology?
Max Weber
Karl Marx
Auguste Comte
Émile Durkheim
2
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social welfare
positivism
post-modernism
social Darwinism
3
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a corporation that owns several fast food chains
A governmental agency like Health and Social Services
a private hospital
a nonprofit health organization
4
The sociologist responsible for suggesting the connection between history and biography (the Sociological Imagination):
Talcott Parsons
Emile Durkheim
Herbert Spencer
C. Wright Mills
5
All of the following statements are accurate regarding language, EXCEPT for which one?
language allows culture to exist
Language is a series of symbols that can be strung together infinitely
Language is universal in terms of the meaning of particular sounds
Language is the primary method people use to communicate with one another
6
Jake receives a promotion at his law firm after winning an important case. This is an example of a:
Positive informal sanction
Negative formal sanction
Positive formal sanction
Negative informal sanction
7
Sociology
is defined as the:
Qualitative analysis of human phenomenon
Quantitative analysis of social transgressions
Systematic study of society and social interaction
Theoretical examination of life’s origins
8
Mead claimed that the origin of the self is found in _______
genetics
the functioning of the brain
social experience
biological drives
9
A statement that describes how variables are expected to be related to one another,according to predictions from theory:
hypothesis
primary function
correlation
secondary prediction
10
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validity
literacy
reliability
interpretation
11
Which data-gathering method would a sociologist use to gather quantitative data?
a series of observations of public behavior
a large survey
a literature search
an unstructured interview
12
A hypothesis can be defined as:
Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline
A way to explain different aspects of social interactions
A testable proposition
An attempt to explain large-scale relationships
13
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cultural imperialism
behavioral normativity
material culture
ideal culture
14
Which of the following is not a step in the scientific method?
Research existing sources
Formulate a hypothesis
Receive corroboration from the field
Report your results
15
Sociologists use the concept of "norms" to describe ________.
expressions of disapproval for violating socially acceptable behavior
standards by which people define what is socially desirable
expectations or rules of behavior that develop from values
ideas about what is true or false
16
____ believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of different social classes:
Auguste Comte
Max Weber
Karl Marx
Emile Durkeheim
17
Surveying the religious affiliation of Americans as a whole is an example of _____________
macro-sociology
figurational sociology
conflict sociology
micro-sociology
18
George Herbert Mead’s specific path of development for individuals is as follows:
imitation stage, play stage, game stage
Game stage, play stage, generalized other stage
Generalized other stage, preparatory stage, play stage
game stage, play stage, generalized other stage
19
The process by which technology changes more quickly than legal and cultural systems is called _________.
Cultural Leveling
Globalization
Multiculturalism
Cultural Lag
20
Positive and negative (and formal and informal) sanctions can also be viewed as ways that society:
regulates behavior
determines laws
establishes leaders
determines language
21
Kyle is collecting newspaper clippings from his grandfather about the American public’s perception of World War II.
tertiary data
interactive data
primary data
secondary data
22
The Harlows’ study on rhesus monkeys showed that:
social comfort is more important than food
rhesus monkeys raised by other primate species are poorly socialized
food is more important than social comfort
monkeys can be adequately socialized by imitating humans
23
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value contradiction; value cluster
public sociology; culture shock
culture shock; cultural diffusion
ethnocentrism; cultural relativism
24
A setting where a staff tries to radically change someone’s personality through carefully controlling the environment is
an anticipatory social center
a cohort community
a degradation ceremony
a total institution
25
In order to understand the pledging process at her university for her thesis, Carmen pledges with a popular sorority.
literature review
dependent variables
participant observation
secondary data analysis
26
Many married couples met while they were in high school or college. This is an example of education's ______ functions
dysfunctional
cunjunction
manifest
latent
27
Which of the following is true regarding U.S. socialization of recent high school graduates?
They are expected to take a year “off” before college
They're expected to enter college or the workforce shortly after graduation
They are required to serve in the military for one year
They are required to move away from their parents
28
What is the importance of the interpretive framework?
It prevents researchers from making unethical decisions
It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant’s social world
It eliminates the need for a literature review.
It relies on statistics to determine causal relationships
29
According to Erving Goffman, the goal of a total institution is to _______
help integrate a troubled patient into the outside world
radically alter a person’s personality or behavior
give a person greater choices about how to live
encourage lifelong learning in a supervised context
30
What term can be described as,"specific, measurable explanations of abstract concepts that a researcher plans to study"?
operational definition
conceptualization
primary data
validity
31
Which sociological approach to education is most likely to focus on the ways education perpetuates forms of inequality?
symbolic interactionism
rational choice theory
structural functionalism
conflict theory
32
In the nature versus nurture debate, sociologists claim that _______
nurture is far more important than nature
nature and nurture have equal importance
neither nature nor nurture creates the essence of our humanity
nature is far more important than nurture
33
Which sociologist developed the concept of double consciousness?
Max Weber
Emile Durkheim
WEB DuBois
Ida B. Wells
34
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feminist theory
structural functionalism
conflict
symbolic interactionism
35
The process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of individuals and the society that shapes that behavior is:
Figuration
Dramaturgical Analysis
Dynamic equilibrium
Latent Functions
36
Pieces of material culture that identify a person as occupying a particular status are referred to as ________.
ascribed master status
status symbols
achieved master status
inherited status
37
Which set of data-gathering methods best represent qualitative sociology?
Virtual interactivity, online polls, and online gaming
Statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants.
In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources
Door to door sales pitches, cold calls, and press conferences.
38
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The Cognizant Effect
The Hawthorne Effect
The Authority Effect
The Regressive Effect
39
A car’s use for transportation is an example of its ____function, while using a car for storage is an example of a _____
manifest; storage
latent; manifest
manifest; participatory
manifest; latent
40
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symbolic interactionism
functionalism
conflict theory
ethnocentrism
41
A group has a distinctive culture, but its values and norms are not at odds with the larger culture. This is a(n):
counterculture
example of cultural relativism
subculture
example of cultural diffusion
42
Which of the following is typically the earliest agent of socialization?
Family
School
workplace
Mass media
43
An example of high culture is ___________, whereas an example of popular culture would be ____________.
country music; pop music
American Idol; films from the Sundance festival
political theory; sociological theory
Dostoevsky style in film; the National Football League
44
Max Weber, in contrast to positivists, called for a sociology interested in a deep understanding of its subjects, called
verstehen
schadenfreude
ethnography
case studies
45
Which theoretical perspective is most likely to use the analogy of the human body to illustrate how society works?
feminism
symbolic interactionism
functionalism
Conflict theory
46
Which of the following is an example of an unethical sociological research practice?
Conducting a literature review prior to conducting an experiment
Using a control group and an experimental group during observation
Drawing conclusions from a study which the hypothesis did not predict
Observing study participants without their consent
47
Which groups of social theorists would focus most on macro-level analysis when examining patterns of society?
symbolic interactionists and conflict theorists
symbolic interactionists and structural functionalists
conflict theorists and structural functionalists
conflict theorists and symbolic interactionists
48
Émile Durkheim’s study of suicide is important to sociology in many ways. One of the most influential impacts was:
It defined the differences between sociology and psychology
It allowed psychology and sociology to merge into one field
It showed the psychological reasons for suicide to be a lie
It earned Émile Durkheim the title “Father of Sociology”
49
The pollution that cars leak into the atmosphere is an example of a _____________
allocation function
dysfunction
latent function
manifest function
50
Symbols that can be strung together in an infinite number of ways for the purpose of communicating abstract thought:
technology
pattern
gesture
language
51
Which of the following is a manifest function of schools?
Understanding when to speak up and when to be silent
Knowing locker room etiquette
Learning to read and write
Following a schedule
52
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an exit test that must be passed
a degradation ceremony
a graduation ceremony
An entry test that must be passed
53
Which of the following is NOT considered part of the sociological definition of a society?
people living in the same geographical area
people who all speak the same language
regular interaction
shared culture
54
What occurs in Lawrence Kohlberg’s conventional level?
Morality is developed by pain and pleasure
Children begin to consider what society considers moral and immoral
Children develop the ability to have abstract thoughts
Parental beliefs have no influence on children’s morality
55
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culture shock
cultural relativism
ethnocentrism
stereotyping
56
Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that certain populations are excluded.
symbolic interactionism
behaviorism
the conflict perspective
structural functionalism
57
The notion that people cannot feel or experience something that they do not have a word for can be explained by:
bilingualism
linguistics
the Sapir-Wharf hypothesis
ethnographic imagery
58
The belief that one’s own culture is superior to other cultures is called:
ethnocentrism
nationalism
imperialism
xenocentrism
59
Which of the following is an example of a counterculture?
The Kardashian obsession in the 2010’s
The disco invasion in the 1970’s
The hippie movement in the 1960’s
The yuppie craze in the 1980’s
60
Education is important to society because:
It teaches children how to react to authority and how to behave
All of the other answers are correct
It teaches children how to interact with their peers
It teaches children facts about the world in which they live
61
Please define C. Wright Mill’s
sociological imagination
.
A series of interviews asking subjects about their sleep habits and dreams
The process of analyzing human behavior based solely on statistics
How individuals make connections between biography, structure, and history
The theory that man evolved slowly over time
62
Whose study described the differences in the way that boys and girls view morality?
Erik Erikson
Lawrence Kohlberg
Carol Gilligan
Sigmund Freud
63
Which of the following is an example of a cultural universal?
Putting your cell phone on silent during a Broadway production
Marrying the partner whom your parents have chosen for you
incest taboos
Holding hands with your best friend
64
Receiving the Medal of Honor and making the Dean's List are both examples of ________.
positive sanctions
value clusters
value contradictions
folkways
65
See the pic
ideal culture; real culture
material culture; symbolic culture
real culture; symbolic culture
unrealistic culture; realistic culture
66
Peer groups are important to adolescents because:
They provide the second major socialization experience outside the family
All of the other answers are correct
They (can)rank higher in importance to adolescents’ than parental influence
They help to develop a sense of identity separate from adolescents’ parents
67
Alona is examining the impact football on school spirit by distributing surveys to classes. She is employing a ___method
logos
pathos
Qualitative
quantitative
68
The sociologist who identified ten underlying core values of American society was ________.
Robin Williams
Edward Wilson
Michael Burawoy
John Jacob Natzke
69
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field research
secondary data analysis
surveys
experiment
70
Patterns of child-rearing vary by class. Lower-class parents generally stress ___, while middle class parents stress ___
obedience; creativity
independence; protecting children
creativity; obedience
independence; dependence
71
Capitalism as an idea represents _____ culture, while the cars produced by capitalist companies represents ____ culture
non-material; material
counterculture; material
a universal; material
material; non-material
72
Mead used the concept “generalized other” to refer to _______
any “significant other.”
widespread cultural norms and values people take as their own
a person who provides complete care for a child
important individuals in the child’s life
73
According to Durkheim, which of the following is NOT a social fact?
A religious belief
a law
a custom
all of the other answer choices are social facts
74
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cultural imperialism
culture shock
material culture
xenocentrism
75
Which of the following research approaches is best suited to the scientific method?
unstructured interviews
survey questionnaire
case study
ethnography
76
Using secondary data is considered an unobtrusive or ________ research method
nonreactive
nonparticipatory
nonrestrictive
nonconfrontive
77
According to Robert Merton, ________ are the intended beneficial consequences of social institutions.
latent dysfunctions
manifest functions
manifest dysfunctions
latent functions
78
A measurement is considered ______ if it actually measures what it is intended to measure, according to the study topic.
quantitative
valid
reliable
socological
79
The biggest difference between mores and folkways is that
mores are linked to morality; folkways are linked to what is commonplace
mores refer to nonmaterial culture; folkways refer to material culture
mores are absolute, whereas folkways are temporary
mores refer to material culture; folkways refer to nonmaterial culture
80
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secondary data analysis
survey
experiment
ethnography
81
A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results is:
subjectivity
survey research
value neutrality
methodological conundrum
82
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the influences of a total institution
the generalized other
the influences of one's peer group
the hidden curriculum of schools
83
From a sociological perspective, which factor does not greatly influence a person’s socialization?
race
social class
Blood type
gender
84
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Control group
Independent variable
Dependent Variable
Experimental group