Ch.1 New World Beginnings

in the service of God, as well as in search of gold and glory

measured angular distances between objects and especially for taking altitudes in navigation.

Europeans only murdered Indians, stole their gold, infected them with smallpox

accounted for the size and sophistication of the Native American civilizations

As the Ice Age ended and sea levels dropped the first Americans crossed this physical feature.

Pueblo rebels destroyed every Catholic church in the province 

ancient GPS used for navigation; charted the stars 

parallel magnetic needles attached to a card indicating direction and degrees of a circle

a mixture of European and Native American bloodlines

Defeated the Incan Empire and stole their gold/silver

established the trading post of Quebec on the St. Lawrence River to exploit the fur trade

Three Sister Farming

the first permanent European settlement (Spanish) in North America

power and possessions passed down the female side of the family line.

first to reach the Indian subcontinent by eastern sea route

Pope Alexander VI divided the “heathen lands” of the New World b/w Spain and Portugal to preserve peace

the most important commodity of the Far East

facilitated the spread of scientific knowledge in the 15th/16th century

exchange of goods, peoples, ideas, and diseases that transformed world history

pioneered exploration by establishing a navigation school; charted the West African coast; 1st to reach Far East by Sea

land grants for mining and agriculture issued by the Spanish Monarch; in all but name, it was slavery

first credited with circumnavigating the globe; died at the Battle of Mactan in the Philippines

peoples in the Rio Grande valley constructed intricate irrigation systems for maize agriculture

this flood of precious metal caused a price revolution in Europe that led to rampant inflation

Defeated the Aztec Empire and stole their gold

systematic exploration and mapping of the Pacific Ocean from the Aleutians to Antarctica

first explorer to reach the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa)

a small, highly maneuverable sailing ship developed in the 15th

Middlemen who monopolized trade with the Ottoman Empire following the Crusades

the first part of what became the North American landmass to surface

unwittingly discovered the Americas by sailing west