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Earth's Processes Unit Review
Earth's Processes Unit Review
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1
What process causes the location of continents to change over time?
Locating the plate boundaries
Measuring motion with GPS
Convection currents in the mantle
Eruption of hot spot volcanoes
2
4. The thickest layer of the Earth is the _____________.
mantle
outer core
inner core
crust
3
What are rock outcrops with very similar mineral patterns, chemical composition, & age but found in different locations?
GPS data
Subduction zone
Mountain building
Geologic Markers
4
5.
To learn about Earth’s deep interior, including the core, scientists ________________________.
study seismic waves from earthquakes
use optical technologies to see into Earth
send robotic vehicles to the center of Earth
extract cores from holes drilled into Earth
5
9. Which of the following statements best describes seismic waves?
P waves are shear waves while S waves are the compressional waves
When rocks break they release energy in the form of seismic waves.
P waves cause more destruction than other types of seismic waves.
When Mr. Fiscus cheers for the Gophers.
6
15.
When moving through solid rock, S waves ________________________.
travel at the same speed as P waves
travel faster than P waves
They both travel about the same speed.
travel slower than P waves
7
Which of the following is NOT a feature formed near convergent plate boundaries?
Ocean trenches
Hot spots
Volcanoes
Mountain ranges
8
14.
When a section of a fault suddenly slips and energy is released, what happens to this energy?
The energy is carried by seismic waves through the surrounding rock.
The energy is stored in the surrounding rock and forms fossil fuel.
Nothing because the surrounding rock is solid like Mr. Fiscus.
The energy melts the surrounding rock and generates magma.
9
What type of eruption would you expect from a stratovolcano?
convergent
explosive
extrusive
effusive
10
7. Mr. Fiscus always says that compared to the lithosphere, the asthenosphere is ___________________. Good job guys!!!
more rigid
less rigid
cooler
lower density
11
Which of the following is NOT a source of Earth's internal energy?
Core fusion
Leftover from Earth's formation
Radioactive decay
12
10. Which of the following statements about heat transfer is true?
Radiation only happens in stars.
Convection only happens in fluids.
All of the others are true.
Conduction only happens in solids.
13
8. Convection in the asthenosphere ________________________.
All of the others
causes movement of tectonic plates
applies a force on the lithosphere
transfers thermal energy inside Earth
14
3. Earth's inner core is mostly ___________.
molten rock similiar to Earth's crust
solid metal
solid rock similar to Earth’s crust
molten metal
15
What increases with distance from the mid-ocean ridge?
Magnetism
Number of aquatic creatures
Sediment depth
Water temperature
16
11. Which part of the Earth is made up of both crust and mantle material?
asthenosphere
lithosphere
fiscusophere
geosphere
17
20. Where is the San Andreas Fault and what type of plate boundary is it?
California, Convergent
California, Transform
Japan, Convergent
Japan Transform
18
16.
The crust is part of the ________________________.
lithosphere
stratosphere
asthenosphere
None of the others
19
Which of the following wave types is
compressional
(means the rock particles are alternately compressed and expanded)?
S waves
P waves
F waves
T waves
20
What type of eruption would you expect from a shield volcano
Extrusive
Explosive
Effusive
Divergent
21
Volcanic activity is most often associated with which two types of plate boundaries?
Convergent & Transform
Divergent & Convergent
Divergent & Transform
Transform & Subduction zones
22
Why was Wegener's continental drift theory discredited by his peers?
Lack of climate evidence
No explanation for how continents moved
Lack of fossil evidence
No evidence of mountain formation
23
Which term describes how Earth's interior separated over time?
Gravitational differentiation
Ohm's Law
Physical classification
Volumetric scattering
24
Where are stratovolcanoes found?
Divergent boundaries
Hot spots
Convergent boundaries
Transform boundaries
25
12. The following increases with depth within Earth.
Temperature
Density
All of the other answers
Pressure
26
What feature of its magma contributes to the gentle slope of a shield volcano?
High viscosity
Tephra
Pyroclastic debris
Low viscosity
27
1. S waves do not travel through ____________.
low temperature solids
liquids
high temperature solids
bedrock
28
6.
Earthquake waves are detected, measured, and recorded by instruments called ______________________.
seismographs
oscilloscopes
chronometers
Richter scales
29
Continental crust is mainly being ________________________.
Destroyed along divergent boundaries
Thickened along convergent boundaries
Destroyed along convergent boundaries
Thickened along divergent boundaries
30
How can you find the distance to an earthquake epicenter using a seismograph?
Magnitude of S wave divided by magnitude of P wave
Sum of P & S wave arrival times
Difference of S & P wave arrival times
Check Google
31
New crust is formed at ______________ boundaries & old crust is recycled into the mantle at ______________ boundaries.
divergent; convergent
transform; divergent
convergent: divergent
convergent; transform
32
Who came up with the "spreading seafloor" theory that effectively completed Wegener's work?
Harry Hess
Dr. Mansergh
Mr. Fiscus
Alfred Wegener
33
2. Why is Earth's crust made of solid rock?
Once a rock has solidified it cannot be melted.
The temperature of Earth’s crust is not hot enough to melt rocks.
Earth’s crust is too large to melt.
Heat from the core cannot pass through the asthenosphere.
34
13.
GPS data is a useful way to learn about the Earth’s crust because it can ________________________.
provide evidence of motion that occurred millions of years ago.
be used to pinpoint exactly where earthquakes happen.
detect very small movements of the crust.
measure the strength of seismic waves.
35
17. Which of the following is a true statement?
Jules Verne’s book Journey to the Center of the Earth is factual.
Earth’s interior is hollow.
Humans have traveled farther away from Earth than we have inside of it.
We know the composition of Earth’s interior because humans have been there.
36
What is the term that describes the precise origin of an earthquake?
Frictional vertex
Point source
Epicenter
Hypocenter (focus)
37
Along which plate boundary do subduction zones occur?
Transform
Convergent
Divergent
Conform
38
A Richter magnitude earthquake of 8.0 is how many times larger than a 7.0 Richter magnitude earthquake?
100 x
1000 x
10 x
2 x
39
Which type of plate boundary is a rift valley associated with?
Convergent
Hot spot
Transform
Divergent
40
In which type of volcano would you expect to find lava with high viscosity, low temperature, & high gas/silica content?
Hot spot
Shield
Stratovolcano
Fissure
