Final Review B

The ocean floor moves away from a rift as magma rises from the rift. As the magma cools it forms new ocean floor.

Movements of the ground that are caused by a sudden release of energy when rocks move along a fault.

The collision of rocks that results in the breaking and wearing away of the rocks.

Magma solidifies and iron-rich minerals align with Earth’s magnetic field and become permanently oriented. This is

Two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally at one of these.

When a layer of permeable rock is sandwiched between two impermeable rock layers, this is formed:

This is rich in silica and is light in color. Gas does not escape easily from this.

The term for a main stream and all its tributaries.

A break in the crust/lithosphere where the rocks around the break move.

Any activity that includes the movement of magma onto Earth’s surface is called

Magnetic orientations in the ocean floor that flip from normal to reversed polarity.

The striped pattern of matching magnetic orientations on opposite sides of a mid-ocean ridge.

A cone of calcite that builds up from a cavern floor is a

A hole dug in the ground, and water is brought to the surface.

Two tectonic plates move away from each other here. This is called a

Two tectonic plates collide at one of these.

The percentage of rock or sediment that consists of open space.

The theory that the continents slowly moved apart to their present locations is

A large mass of moving ice.

The idea that continents moved rapidly during the flood and then slowly. Also called catastrophic plate tectonics.

This is rich in ferromagnesian minerals and is dark in color. Gas escapes easily.

A change in the chemical composition of minerals when they react chemically with water.

This occurs when CO2 dissolves in water and forms carbonic acid which reacts with minerals to form carbonates.

A type of mechanical weathering that occurs due to water expanding when it freezes.

A depression at the surface when rock or sediment is removed, or overlaying sediment collapses into an empty cavern.

The term for when one tectonic plate sinks below another.

A body of rock or sediment that can store water, or allows large amounts of water to flow through it.

The ease with which water passes through a porous material.

When the land drops below the water table, this forms:

A suspended cone of calcite from the ceiling of a cavern is a