stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
BIOL 1406 Lab Practical 2 Review Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
BIOL 1406 Lab Practical 2 Review
BIOL 1406 Lab Practical 2 Review
119 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
4 plays
Imported from external platform
Flashcards
119 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
119
Answers
1
Which image represents metaphase?
3
4
2
1
2
What happens in the G2 phase?
The cell divides its cytoplasm
DNA replication occurs
Chromosomes condense and become visible
The cell prepares for imminent division
3
What phase of mitosis is this in an onion plant cell?
Metaphase
Prophase
Anaphase
Telophase
4
DNA replication results in
Two sister chromatids
Two identical RNA molecules
Two different DNA molecules
One DNA molecule and one RNA molecule
5
List the 3 components of the DNA molecule
Phosphate, 5 carbon sugar, nitrogenous base
Fatty acid, glycerol, phosphate group
Ribose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
Amino acid, ribosome, nitrogenous base
6
In mitosis, the parent cell makes somatic cells which are diploid or haploid?
Both diploid and haploid
Neither diploid or haploid
Diploid
Haploid
7
A three-base sequence (loop) in tRNA that is complementary to a sequence of three bases in mRNA is an
Exon
Codon
Anticodon
Intron
8
What is a heterotroph?
Organism that makes its own food from CO₂ and other inorganic substances
An organism that lives in extreme environments, like deep-sea vents
An organism that cannot produce its own food and relies on external sources
Organism that gets energy by consuming organic substances, not making food
9
A heterozygous type A male and type B female mate. What blood type phenotypes can their kids have?
50% A, 50% B
25% A, 25% B, 50% AB
25% A, 25% B, 25% AB, 25% O
25% AB, 25% O, 50% (A or B)
10
Which image represents anaphase?
4
1
3
2
11
In what phase of meiosis do chromosomes synapse?
Prophase I
Telophase II
Anaphase I
Metaphase II
12
What process uses restriction enzymes to cut and insert DNA to make proteins like human insulin?
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
DNA sequencing
Gel Electrophoresis
Molecular Cloning
13
What is an autotroph?
An organism that cannot produce its own food and relies on external sources
An organism that obtains energy by consuming other organisms
An organism that lives in extreme environments, like deep-sea vents
Organism that makes its own food from CO₂ and other inorganic substances
14
Which image represents telophase?
1
3
4
2
15
In mitosis and meiosis, these 2 structures (microtubules) are used to pull the chromosomes apart
Centrosomes and spindle fibers
Spindle fibers and kinetochore
Spindle fibers and centrioles
Chromatids and centromeres
16
What is the study of inheritance?
Ecology
Physiology
Cytology
Genetics
17
The ABO gene system is different from other gene systems in that it has 0/1/2/3 alleles?
2
1
3
0
18
Why do Gram negative bacteria lose crystal violet/iodine complex?
Because of thin layer of peptidoglycan
They do not have a cell wall containing peptidoglycan
Decolorizer shrinks cell wall pores, trapping the complex inside the cell
Their thick peptidoglycan layer traps the complex
19
What are purines?
Thymine and Cytosine
Ribose and Deoxyribose
Cytosine and Uracil
Adenine and Guanine
20
How many unique gametes could be produced through independent assortment by an individual with the genotype AaBbCCDdEE?
8
32
4
16
21
Which of these pigments acts as the primary photosynthesis molecule in a photosystem?
Xanthophyll
Carotene
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll a
22
The physical appearance of a living thing is described by
Genotype
Phenotype
Chromosome
Allele
23
Define Flagellum
An organelle responsible for protein synthesis
A small circular piece of DNA found in bacteria
A rigid outer layer that protects bacterial cells
It is a long whiplike structure for locomotion
24
The lower on the chromatography paper a molecule is, the more:
Non-polar and bigger in size
Non-polar and smaller in size
Polar and smaller in size
Polar and bigger in size
25
What is a cell plate?
Structure in plant cells during cytokinesis that divides the cell into two
A protein complex that helps in the replication of DNA
Structure in mitosis that helps animal cells separate into two daughters
A part of the cell membrane involved in endocytosis
26
In what phase does crossing over occur?
Anaphase II
Prophase I
Telophase II
Metaphase I
27
What does meiosis cell division produce?
4 haploid gametes in diploid organisms
4 genetically identical diploid cells
2 genetically identical diploid cells
2 genetically unique haploid cells
28
Where does replication take place?
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Nucleus
29
What happens when chromosomes synapse?
Homologous chromosomes come together as pairs
Sister chromatids separate
Chromosomes migrate to opposite poles of the cell
Chromosomes replicate their DNA
30
How many fragments are produced from the single digest of Hind III?
1
2
3
31
Where does translation occur?
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
32
The higher up the chromatography paper a molecule is, the more:
Polar and bigger in size
Non-polar and bigger in size
Non-polar and smaller in size
Polar and smaller in size
33
What is the sequence for the start codon?
UGA
AUG
UAA
GGC
34
What is the name of the structure represented by number 8?
Spindle fiber
Metaphase plate
Centrioles
35
During photosynthesis, plants use carbon dioxide and water to form glucose. Glucose is then converted to __ for storage.
Proteins
Chlorophyll
Lipids
Starch
36
Blood Type A Father + Blood Type B Mother can produce a Blood Type O Child
False
True
37
What is the name of the structure represented by number 6?
Metaphase plate
Cleavage furrow
Spindle fiber
38
How many fragments are produced from the double digest?
2
3
1
39
Which pole is larger DNA closest to in the electrophoresis experiment?
Negative
Positive
40
What happens during translation?
DNA is replicated to form two identical DNA molecules
mRNA is sent out of the nucleus & into the cytoplasm where the code is read
tRNA molecules transcribe RNA into amino acids
Ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information from mRNA
41
What happens in the G1 phase?
The cell grows in size and synthesizes proteins and organelles
Homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material
Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
DNA replication occurs
42
What are the 3 common shapes of bacteria?
Square, Triangular, Star-shaped
Cubic, Spiral, Hexagonal
Coccus, Bacillus, and Spirillum
Circular, Oval, Linear
43
Cytosine in the DNA template is paired with what when transcribed to RNA?
Uracil
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
44
What is a "base-pair"?
Two sugars bonded in a nucleic acid chain
Two phosphate groups linked together
Purine + pyrimidine pair that keeps DNA strand spacing even
Two identical strands of DNA
45
DNA replication makes what kind of copy of the DNA strand?
A mutated copy
A semi-conservative copy of the DNA strand
A fragmented copy
A complementary copy
46
What type of RNA delivers amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
Small nuclear RNA (smRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
47
What is an allele?
A segment of DNA that codes for a protein
A complete set of genetic instructions for an organism
A reproductive cell, such as a sperm or egg
One of two or more gene forms found at the same spot on a chromosome
48
In mitosis, what phase comes before prophase?
Interphase
Anaphase
Metaphase
Telophase
49
List the 4 bases in DNA
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil
Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine
Adenine, Thymine, Uracil, Guanine
50
What are phenotypes?
The genetic makeup of an organism
The observable traits or characteristics of an organism
The alleles inherited from the parents
The sequence of nucleotides in DNA
51
What connects two chromosomes to make a sister chromatid?
Spindle fibers
Telomere
Centromere
Centrsome
52
What phase of mitosis is this in an onion plant cell?
Telophase
Anaphase
Prophase
Metaphase
53
A chart used to show all possible combinations that may result from a genetic cross
A Pedigree chart
A Punnett Square
A Karyotype Chart
A Genetic Code Table
54
What is the name of the structure collectively represented by numbers 7 and 8?
Mitosis
Cleavage furrow
Centrosomes
55
What are the subphrases of Interphase?
Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I
Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II
G1, “S”, G(zero), and G2
Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis
56
How do homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material?
Through DNA replication during interphase
Through independent assortment during meiosis I
Through random fertilization
Through crossing over during meiosis I
57
The most polar pigment is:
Chlorophyll a
Xanthophyll
Carotene
Chlorophyll b
58
Sequence of DNA or mRNA that is the basic unit of the genetic code and specifies an amino acid or termination sequence
Allele
Chromosome
Codon
Gene
59
In mitosis, do the daughter cells have the same, half, or double the chromosomes of the parent?
Same number of chromosomes
Half the number of chromosomes
No chromosomes
Double the number of chromosomes
60
Two heterozygous parents have attached earlobes (dominant). What’s the chance their child also has attached earlobes?
0%
50%
75%
25%
61
What happens in the "S" phase?
DNA synthesis occurs. The cell has a double set of DNA at the end
The cell grows and carries out its normal functions
Chromosomes condense and become visible
The cytoplasm divides, forming two daughter cells
62
What are pyrimidines?
Adenine and Guanine
Ribose and Deoxyribose
Thymine and Cytosine
Cytosine and Uracil
63
What is meiosis?
Division resulting in daughter cells with half the genetic makeup of parent
The process where chromosomes are copied before cell division
The division of the cytoplasm during cell division
The process of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells
64
Mendel's law of segregation states that:
Offspring inherit all traits directly from one parent without variation
Traits are inherited only through dominant alleles
Genes for different traits are always inherited together
All allele pairs separate during the formation of gametes during meiosis
65
You have 23 Total Chromosomes
True
False
66
What is synthesized using a DNA template and specifies the structure of the protein?
Transfer RNA (tRNA
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
DNA Polymerase
67
Special strands which grow, connect to chromosomes, and separate them during mitosis are called
Chromatids
Nuclear pores
Spindle fibers
Centrioles
68
Looking at a slide, if the bacteria is purple in color, then it is a gram __ bacteria
variable
negative
neutral
positive
69
What is used from the bacteria and are cut with restriction enzymes to be used in molecular biology techniques
Phages
Plasmid DNA
Lipids
Ribosomes
70
Which image represents prophase?
2
1
3
4
71
How many chromosomes are present in the image 1?
16
4
8
72
What are genotypes?
The genetic makeup of an organism
The sequence of nucleotides in DNA
The alleles inherited from the parents
The observable traits or characteristics of an organism
73
The clear area around the paper discs soaked in disinfectant/antiseptics is called __.
Bacterial lawn
Growth zone
Zone of inhibition
Inhibition ring
74
What phases of mitosis are presented in this animal cell?
Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Anaphase, Telophase, Interphase
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase
75
What was the purpose of attaching a filter and aluminum foil to the Geranium leaf?
To prevent absorption of water
To make them stronger
To block light
76
Photosynthesis does not occur under which 2 filters?
Aluminum foil and Red
Blue and Green
Green and Aluminum foil
Red and Blue
77
In humans, how many sets of chromosomes do somatic cells have?
46 sets
23 sets
1 set
2 sets
78
What is the name of the structure represented by number 7?
Meiosis
Centrioles
Spindle fiber
79
DNA strands are parallel
True
False
80
What is a dominant allele?
An allele that is hidden whenever a recessive allele is present
An allele that is always masked by a recessive allele
An allele that shows up when it is present in an organism
An allele that is only expressed when two copies are present
81
In DNA technology, restriction enzymes are used for what purpose?
To separate DNA fragments by size
To cut DNA at specific sequences
To synthesize new DNA molecules
To join DNA fragments together
82
Adenine in the DNA template is paired with what when transcribed to RNA?
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
Uracil
83
Which process requires the participation of all three types of RNA?
Transcription
Cell division
Translation
DNA replication
84
Which of the following are used for photosynthesis:
Chlorophyll a and b
All of the above
Xanthophyll
Carotene
85
A person with type O blood can have a mother with type A blood and a father with type B blood
False
True
86
How many daughter cells are produced in mitosis?
1
4
3
2
87
In meiosis, the parent cell makes gametes which are diploid or haploid?
Both diploid and haploid
Diploid
Haploid
Neither diploid or haploid
88
Name the stages of meiosis
Pro I, Meta I, Ana I, Telo I, Pro II, Meta II, Ana II, Telo II
G1, S, G2, M
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Interphase, Prophase, Cytokinesis, Replication
89
How many restriction sites are present for the single digest of Hind III?
1
3
2
90
Which pole did the DNA travel towards in the electrophoresis experiment
Negative
Positive
91
What is mitosis?
The process of cellular respiration that releases energy from glucose
A cell division that produces two identical cells
The process by which gametes are formed, reducing chromosome number by half
The fusion of two cells to form a zygote
92
DNA goes through __ to produce RNA, which goes through __ to produce protein in the __.
Transcription; Translation; Ribosome
Replication; Translation; Ribosome
Transcription; Replication; Nucleus
Replication; Transcription; Cytoplasm
93
Define Meiosis
Cell division forming 4 cells with half the chromosomes of the parent
The process of DNA replication that occurs before cell division
Cell division yielding two genetically identical daughter cells
The fusion of two gametes to form a zygote
94
Refers to a pair of genes where one is dominant and one is recessive
Recessive
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Dominant
95
What are the 4 stages of mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Cytokinesis, Telophase
Interphase, Prophase, Anaphase, Telophase
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Cytokinesis
96
What is the position of a gene called?
Locus
Chromosome
Allele
Codon
97
A homozygous type A male mates with a homozygous type B female. What blood types can their offspring have?
100% Blood type B
50% Blood type A, 50% Blood type B
100% Blood type A
100% Blood type AB
98
DNA replication is semi-conservative?
False
True
99
Using the figure below, what is the total length of the plasmid DNA?
20,000 Kb
500 Kb
5,500 Kb
100
What happens during transcription?
DNA is replicated to produce two identical DNA molecules
Chromosomes are separated into two daughter cells
DNA in the nucleus is used to make messenger RNA (mRNA
RNA is translated into a polypeptide chain
101
Why do Gram positive bacteria retain crystal violet/iodine complex?
Their thin peptidoglycan layer easily binds and holds the complex
The decolorizer dissolves their outer membrane, trapping the stain
They actively pump the decolorizer out of their cells
Because of thick peptidoglycan layer
102
What phase of mitosis is this in an onion plant cell?
Metaphase
Anaphase
Prophase
Telophase
103
What are homologous chromosomes?
Two identical copies of a single chromosome that are joined together
Chromosomes which contain the same type of information
Chromosomes that are involved in determining the sex of an organism
Chromosomes with same genes but different alleles from each parent
104
Two have attached earlobes (dom). One’s het, one hom. What is the chance their child has attached earlobes?
0%
100%
25%
50%
105
What is the name of the plate represented by number 5?
Anaphase plate
Metaphase plate
Cell plate
106
What is a cleavage furrow?
A protein that helps chromosomes align during metaphase
A structure that forms in plant cells to divide the cell during cytokinesis
A groove in animal cells during mitosis that separates two daughter cells
A structure that forms in the nucleus during DNA replication
107
In one of the phases in both mitosis & meiosis when the chromosomes have met in the middle, what's the name of the plate
Chromatid Plate
Centriole Plate
Aster Plate
Metaphase Plate
108
What is used for attachment or DNA transfer?
Ribosomes
Cell wall
Flagella
Pili
109
What is DNA that is uncoiled and spread out in long thin strands through the nucleus called?
Nucleolus
Centromere
Chromatin
Chromosomes
110
Where does transcription take place?
Ribosome
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondria
111
How many sets of chromosomes do haploid cells have?
23 sets
1 set
2 sets
46 sets
112
A genetic condition where an individual inherits the same alleles for a particular gene from both parents
Homozygous
Dominant
Recessive
Heterozygous
113
What is the step of translation in which amino acids are added one at a time to the growing polypeptide chain?
Termination
Replication
Initiation
Elongation
114
What is mitosis?
Division of the nucleus in eukaryotes results in identical daughter cells
Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes in celldivision
The formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells)
The process where DNA is replicated in preparation for cell division
115
The pigment smaller in size is:
Chlorophyll a
Xanthophyll
Chlorophyll b
Carotene
116
What does chromosome duplication produce?
Two sister chromatids
Two different chromosomes
Two independent genes
Two identical chromosomes
117
How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis
Two haploid cells
Two diploid cells
Four diploid cells
Four haploid cells
118
What is cytokinesis?
The process of chromosome alignment in the middle of the cell
The division of the cell’s nucleus during cell division
The division of the cytoplasm
The process of DNA replication
119
In Mitosis, what phase does the cleave furrow star to form in the animal cell?
Metaphase
Prophase
Telophase
Anaphase
