All of the following are true of primaries EXCEPT?

Voters physically meet and discuss candidates

What is the driving focus of organization and action in local political party orgs today?

information management and mobilization

How has the gov't. ensured press access to the war front & insured context in their reporting?

they allow reporters to "embed" with military units

If an issue has high saliency it means

Lots of attention is being paid and it could swing votes

Which of the following is true of the bureaucracy?

Military personnel make up the largest segment

What is the point of a trial balloon?

to see public reaction before making a public announcement

This 1971 case ruled that busing was an acceptable remedy to desegregate schools

Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools

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AP Government Test Review Flashcards | StudBud

AP Government Test Review

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A review for AP Government students preparing for the exam. #apgovernment

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Questions 341

Answers

1
In what types of cases is the plaintiff always the government?
justiceable
criminal
civil
appellate
2
All of the following are true of primaries EXCEPT?
they are more common than caucuses
there is a ballot
states have them on different dates
Voters physically meet and discuss candidates
3
Under the Articles of Confederation, what power did the federal government have?
to create courts
negotiate treaties
to tax
to regulate interstate trade
4
When judges are accused of letting their personal views shape decisions, unconstitutionally:
due process
strict constructionism
judicial restraint
judicial activism
5
What is the driving focus of organization and action in local political party orgs today?
information management and mobilization
polling and policy positions
patronage
converting voters
6
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Get rid of the "death tax" (a.k.a estate taxes)
Democrat
Republican
7
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Subsidize renewable energy development.
Democrat
Republican
8
You must prove you have been directly affected to prove that you have this in court
representation
jurisprudence
legitimacy
standing
9
How has the gov't. ensured press access to the war front & insured context in their reporting?
they allow reporters to "embed" with military units
they put no restrictions on the press in war torn areas
the military provides info to be vetted by the press
all war reporters are members of the military
10
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 bans discrimination based on all the following criteria EXCEPT
gender
religion
race
age
11
The fact that Congress initiates laws is an example of . . .
limited government
checks and balances
separation of power
judicial review
12
All of the following are ways the President might achieve a policy without passing a law EXCEPT
veto override
executive orders
executive agreements
selective enforcement
13
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Support / expansion of government programs.
liberal
conservative
14
Giving government jobs in return for loyalty and support of elected officials is called
merit system
due process
patronage
due diligence
15
If an issue has high saliency it means
few people are paying attention
It has a short "shelf life"
Lots of people are paying attention but few care
Lots of attention is being paid and it could swing votes
16
What was the first form of mass media?
daily newspapers
television
telegraph
radio
17
Checks & balances, separation of powers & federalism insure that change in the US will be
speedy and swift
slow and deliberate
through consesnsus
impossible
18
Which of the following is true of the bureaucracy?
It has grown sharply since the 1970s
10% is appointed by the President after inauguration
Salaries for federal employees is variable and unpredictable
Military personnel make up the largest segment
19
This 1857 case ruled that blacks were not citizens and slaves were property.
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
Griswold v. Connecticut
Reynolds v. United States
Plessy v. Ferguson
20
What is a common outcome of lack of party cohesion?
voter apathy
separation of powers
rapid passage of laws
runaway spending
21
What is the largest source of revenue coming into the US government?
Fuel taxes
Income taxes
Tariffs
Corporate taxes
22
In the 1830s, the Supreme Court ruled in Barron v. Baltimore that the Bill of Rights restrained
the state governments
only the executive power
all governments in the US
only the federal government
23
For a case to be heard by the Supreme Court, how many justices must vote to accept it?
6
7
4
5
24
All of the following are cases that upheld the death penalty EXCEPT
Griswold v. Connecticut
Gregg v. Georgia
Furman v. Georgia
McClesky v. Kemp
25
The distance between a law and implentation is called
bureaucratic distance
appellate jurisdiction
slippage
administrative discretion
26
The Bill of Rights represents what constitutional principle?
separation of powers
checks and balances
limited government
judicial review
27
If the Supreme Court wants to hear a case, they issue a /an
opinion
a warrant
writ of certiori
oral argument
28
What court ruling raised the standard for contract set-asides to "compelling gov't. interest"?
Adarand Construction v. Pena
Fisher v.University of Texas
Gratz v. Bollinger
Regents of Univ. of CA v, Bakke
29
This case ruled that "undue burden" will be the lesser standard for abortion restrictions
Roe v. Wade
Griswold v. Connecticut
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
Gideon v. Wainwright
30
Controlling for education and wealth, who is more likely to vote?
black Americans
white Americans
31
In what type of primaries can voters vote for different parties on the same ballot?
open
closed
bicameral
blanket
32
Cesar Chavez led boycotts and demonstrations to get better protections for what group?
asians
hispanics
women
migrant workers
33
What group gained citizenship and could vote in 1924?
blacks
migrant workers
immigrants
native americans
34
Conservative or liberal? Require photo ID to vote.
conservative
liberal
35
This amendment gave black males the right to vote
14th
13th
12th
15th
36
What has led to a drop in the competitiveness of districts & a decline in contested elections?
electioneering
gerrymandering
filibustering
polarization
37
What is the point of a trial balloon?
to see public reaction before making a public announcement
to mend fences after a scandal
to see how high it will go without popping
to launch a campaign
38
Incrementalism in the budget process leads to
budget reconciliation
the military industrial complex
delays / slow budget negotiations
inevitable growth in budgets
39
How has TV coverage of conventions changed over time?
It is more in depth
it is shorter
It is nonexistent
It is longer
40
What is the President's primary role in national security?
Reprieves and pardons
Party Leader
UN Ambassador
Commander in Chief
41
Who determines the method and timing of delegate selection?
the voters through referendum
the Suoreme Court
the states
the U.S. Congress
42
Another term for prior restraint is
arrest
warrant
censorship
subpoena
43
Uncontrollable expenditures result from
deficit spending
entitlements
tax indexing
tax loopholes
44
Which of the following is not one of the purposes mentioned in the Preamble?
due process
ensure domestic tranquility
establish justice
provide for the general welfare
45
All the following constitutionally "bind" states EXCEPT
full faith and credit clause
privileges and immunities protections
extradition
dual federalism
46
This 1971 case ruled that busing was an acceptable remedy to desegregate schools
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
Plessy v. Ferguson
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
47
What do legislators get out of iron triangles?
support from interest groups
expanded budget authority
seniority in committee assignments
increased staff
48
The advisor(s) with the least loyalty to the President tend to be
the Vice President
The cabinet
The Executive Offices
White House Staff
49
What court cased ruling established that arbitrary gender discrimination is unlawful?
Santa Clara v. Martinez
Shaw v. Hunt
Shaw v. Reno
Reed v. Reed
50
Which leadership model is related to a direct democracy?
trustee
division of labor
politico
instructed delegate
51
What is casework?
Constituent services
research Congressional staffers do for committees
How a lawyer prepares for trial
Preparation for committee hearings
52
All of the following would make approval of a Supreme Court nominee more difficult EXCEPT
it is the end of the President's second term
The Senate and President are from different parties
the nominee is older
the nominee is relatively unknown
53
The National Labor Relations Board, Fed. Communications Commission and SEC are examples of
Cabinet positions
Government Corporations
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Independent Executive Agencies
54
All of the following groups were part of the New Deal coalition EXCEPT
unions
white souitherners
blacks
the wealthy
55
Whose term lasts six years?
U.S. President
U.S. Representatives
U.S. judges
U.S. Senators
56
What's the remedy if each house of Congress has passed a similar but not identical bill?
casework
caucus
conference committee
joint committee
57
Unstated powers that are logically delegated to Congress and the president are called . . .
supremacy powers
enumerated
inherent
reserved
58
Why did Antifederalists oppose the Constitution?
They felt the Bill of Rights was flawed
They wanted a democracy
They felt the states were too powerful
They feared a strong federal government
59
During the Clinton administration, government spending was addressed by "offsets" meaning
increased spending in one area must be offset by cuts
estate taxes would be raised each time spending went up
department budgets would all be cut to zero and built back
savings from making cuts are converted to tax cuts
60
Tha patronage system was reformed by what law that requires civil service exams?
The Stalwart Law
Pendleton Act
Hatch Act
The McKinley Act
61
What federal agency oversees all hiring, providing 3 candidates to the hiring agency?
The Civil Service Commission
The Office of Personnel Management
The Bureaucratic Management Agency
National Labor Relations Board
62
What court case established the "hostile environment" standard for sexual harassment cases?
Employment Division v. Smith
Harris v. Forklift Systems
Playboy Entertainment v. United States
Reed v. Reed
63
When is a party usually most cohesive in terms of voting as a bloc?
impeachment
leadership votes
when declaring war
domestic issues
64
What case established it is constitutional to burn the US flag in symbolic protest ?
Schenk v. the United States
Texas v. Johnson
Miller v. California
Tinker v. DesMoines
65
Time, manner and place restrictions to preserve public order relate to the right to
free speech
assemble
vote
pray
66
NASA, National Science Foundation & General Services are all examples of
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Independent Executive Agencies
Government Corporations
Cabinet positions
67
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "strict scrutiny" standard.
gender
wealth
religion
sexual orientation
68
Through what court case did John Marshall claim for the court the power of judicial review?
McCullough v. Maryland
U.S. v. Lopez
Gibbons v. Ogden
Marbury v. Madison
69
What is the primary reason third parties do not succeed longterm?
campaign funding laws
state requirementa to get on the ballpt
the winner take all system
voter apathy
70
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Oppose mandatory minimum sentencing programs.
Democrat
Republican
71
Case that said laws not aimed at religious interference but that have that affect are ok
Barron v. Baltimore
Engel v. Vitale
Employment Division v. Smith
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg
72
The following plans / compromises are evident in the ratified Constitution except which one?
Slave Trade
Virginia Plan
Connecticut
3/5 Compromise
73
According to the Constitution, once a year, the president is required to do what?
Give a speech
restate the oath
hold a joint session of Congress
inform Congress about the state of the Union
74
How do U.S. elections compare with European ones?
They are shorter but more expensive
They are longer, more exspensive and more common
They are faster, cheaper, and less common
They are longer but cheaper
75
All of the following indicate an intention to return power to the states from the feds EXCEPT
nullification
Nixon's New Federalismj
devolution
extradition
76
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Protect a woman's right to choose an abortion.
Democrat
Republican
77
What is the primary reason some states have more delegates than others at the convention?
They more reliably vote for the party
they have a larger population
they have the most registered party members
they raise the most money for the party
78
Our nation's first government was a / an _________________.
direct democracy
confederation
unitary democracy
union
79
All of the following are a types of third parties we have seen in US politics EXCEPT
popular person-based
issue / cause
splinter
revolutionary
80
All of the following are true of caucuses EXCEPT
Only 12 states hold them
the whole process takes one day
the most fanous ones are in Iowa
they were a tool of party machines and bosses in the past
81
How long do national party conventions typically last?
4 days
1 week
3 days
1 day
82
What do family, mass media, school and peers have in common related to politics?
They are all agents of socialization
They are all informal
They are all potential groups
They are all interest groups
83
What do bureaucrats get out of iron triangles?
endorsements
more authority and bigger budgets
lobbyists
less red tape
84
What party, est. in the 1890s, failed to defeat the Republicans despite support from Democrats?
Dixiecrats
Populists
Whigs
Know Nothings
85
Al the following are concurrent powers of the federal and state governments EXCEPT?
establishing courts
police power
printing currency
taxation
86
Where is judicial review "covered" in the Constitution?
Article I
It's not
Article III
Article VI
87
The Schechter Poultry v. U.S. case ruled that
the stock market must be reformed
The federal government was regulating trade within states
farm subsidies are illegal
government regulation is illegal
88
What is the status of the constitutionality of the War Powers Resolution?
It has been upheld.
It has not been tested.
It has been struck down.
It is currently pending.
89
What part of the Civil Rights Act banned discrimination in federally funded programs?
Title V
Title IX
Title XX
Title XI
90
What court ruling banned the use of quotas in university admissions?
Fisher v.University of Texas
Regents of Univ. of CA v, Bakke
Snyder v. Phelps
Texas v. Johnson
91
The purposes of government are discussed in what part of the Constitution?
The Mutual Pledge
The Bill of Rights
The Introduction
The Preamble
92
This program provides pensions for the handicapped, orphaned, blind and elderly
Medicaid
Social Security
Medicare
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
93
What case declared that the accused must be provided a lawyer during questioning if requested?
Gideon v. Wainwright
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
Escobedo v. Illinois
Miranda v. Arizona
94
Before the president appoints a federal judge from a state, he'll usually get approval from
the state's House Reps
the state's governor
the Supreme Court
the state's senators
95
Is political socialization mostly formal or informal in the U.S.?
formal
informal
96
What is the relationship between policy entrepreneurs and media?
Media outlets depend on policy entrpreneurs for ratings
policy entrpreneurs depend on media for agenda setting
it is nonexistent
it is contentious
97
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "medium scrutiny" standard.
wealth
religion
race
gender
98
What law requires Congressional approval to deploy troops for more than 60 days?
The Patriot Act
The War Powers Resolution
The Geneva Convention
The Enduring Freedom Act
99
What type of primary do political parties like best?
blanket
open
closed
unicameral
100
What has been true about American's attitudes about government since 1964?
They have less trust in the governmnt
They have voted more often
they have become more informed
they have become more ideological
101
Which amendment says powers not granted to the federal government are retained by the states?
11th
12th
10th
8th
102
House or Senate? Has a Speaker.
Both
Neither
Senate
House
103
When a newly elected president claims his/her policies should be enacted, they are claiming
bully pulpit
neutral competence
electoral mandate
state of the union
104
To hold what federal office must you have been a citizen for 7 years?
U.S. Judge
U.S. President
U.S. Senator
U.S. Representative
105
Why are state party operations so critical to presidential candidates?
They raise most of the money
They do polling
They know the election laws in that state
They provide endorsements
106
This court case established the "medium scrutiny" standard for gender-based classification
ERA v. Hunt
Reed v. Reed
Craig v. Boren
Schaffley v. Hoke
107
All of the following are purposes of national conventions now EXCEPT
to advertise the candidate
to debate policy openly
to energize the party faithful
to officially nominate a candidate
108
The 3 part test for government acting according to the establishment clause was established in
Employment Division v. Smith
Engel v. Vitale
Lemon v. Kutzman
Miller v. California
109
House or Senate? Has standing committees..
Senate
Neither
House
Both
110
All of the elements below are part of iron triangles EXCEPT
the President
legilslators
bureaucrats
interest groups
111
House or Senate? Committee assignments are based on seniority.
House
Senate
Both
Neither
112
What is the typical relationship between elected officials, party loyalty and constituents?
none of the above
Their loyalty depends on saliency of the issue
Officials put party loyalty before their constituents
Officials put their constituents before their party
113
What percentage of delegates does a candidate need to get the nomination?
the largest percentage of all candidates
2/3 or 75%
50% +1
100%
114
The largest portion of DISCRETIONARY federal spending goes to
defense
education
foreign aid
medicare
115
The two models of organization for White House Staff are hiearchical and
solar
flat
circular
wheel and spoke
116
What is the only presidential foreign policy action that is self executing?
appointing ambassadors
diplomatic recognition
executive agreements
waging war
117
The Trial of Peter Zenger in colonial America established what new precedent?
you can be punished if you criticize gov't leaders
all officials criticized have a right f rebuttal
you can criticize gov't officials if the info is true
editorials are held to a different standard
118
Teacher led prayers violate the
no establishment clause
due process clause
free exercise clause
equal protectiion clause
119
The Downs Model / Rational Choice Model explains
why we don't have radical parties in the US
Why third parties tend to fail
Why we have two parties
why we have polarization
120
What is referred to as the "paradox of mass politics" in the US?
the success of our democracy given how little we know
how much people complain given how few vote
That the people think we have a democracy when we do not
How obsessed we are with presidential politics over local
121
What law requires employers to reasonable accommodate people with disabilities?
The Handicapped Bill of Rights
The Disabled Accommodation Act
The Americans With Disabilities Act
The Disabled Freedom Act
122
What would be an effect of the U.S. adopting a unitary form of government instead of federal?
more uniformity
no states would exist
more powerful states
direct democracy
123
This amendment limits the U.S. President to two terms.
22nd
20th
21st
23rd
124
This amendment ended slavery
15th
12th
13th
14th
125
Which of the following must an American do to belong to a political party?
register
attend meetings
think they are in it
pay dues
126
Most elected officials use this model of leadership
agency model
politico model
instructed delegate model
trustee model
127
What innovation in broadcasting led to the development of "narrowcasting"?
netflix
satellite tv
the internet
cable television
128
All of the following are true about impeachment EXCEPT
The House decides the charges
standards for whaat is impeachable are very clear
The chief Justice oversees the trial
Two U.S. presidents have been impeached
129
Habeus Corpus rights were at first denied to hundreds of suspected terrorists being held at
San Quentin
Alcatraz
Guantanamo
Los Alamos
130
What is the relationship between fiscal federalism and cooperative federalism?
fiscal federalism encourages cooperative federalism
cooperative federalism canceled fiscal federalism
Cooperative federalism caused fiscal federalism
You can only have one or the other, not both
131
This case ruled the gov't. can't require private organizations to turn over membership lists
Miranda v. Arizona
Mapp v. Ohio
NAACP v. Alabama
Gregg v. Georgia
132
The idea that a popular candidate at the top of the ballot can help elect other party members
bandwagon
coattails
endorsements
approval ratings
133
If you are a state or local official, which of the following are you the most excited about?
categorical grants
block grants
unfunded madates
enumerated powers
134
How many justices must concur with an opinion for it to be considered precedent setting?
4
5
7
6
135
What constitutes a "diversity citizenship" case?
civil suits from those in different states over $75000
admiralty and maritime law
naturalization
bankruptcy supervision
136
How do slander and libel differ as forms of defamation?
libel concerns a group and skander an indiviidual
libel in spoken and slander is written
slander is spoken and libel is written
slander is a misdemeanor and libel is a felony
137
What is a common way for Congressmen to get input from the bureaucracy?
hearings
deregulation
approve appintments
lobbying
138
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Privatize Social Security.
Republican
Democrat
139
The Hatch Act bans federal employees from engaging in what behaviors?
Awarding contracts without a competitive bid process
Electioneering during work hours
Awarding alcohol at official government functions
Leaking information to the press
140
What case est. that the least restrictive remedy must be used when limiting adult programming?
NY Times v. Sullivan
Red Lion Broadcasting v. FCC
United States v. Playboy Entertainment
Texas v. Johnson
141
What two multimillionaires dominated the press in the late 1800s, producing yellow journalism?
Raymour and Flanigan
Smith and Wesson
Cooper and Flanigan
Hearst and Pulitzer
142
What part of the 14th amendment allows selective incorporation of civil liberties protections?
the equal protection clause
the due process clause
the necessary and propoer clause
the elastic clause
143
These were the first two political parties in the United States.
Know Nothings and Whigs
Republicans and Democrats
Democrats and Whigs
Federalists and Democratic Republicans
144
How many justices serve on the Supreme Court?
7
11
10
9
145
What text says, "We hold these truths to be self evident. . . all men are created equal . . "?
Common Sense
The Constitution
The Gettysburg Address
The Declaration of Independence
146
What branch can create "inferior courts" of the federal system?
Judicial
Bureaucracy
Legislative
Executive
147
The model where you elect someone and expect them to use their judgement when voting is the
politico model
instructed delegate model
agency model
trustee model
148
Discrimination based on ________________ requires the "reasonable / lowest scrutiny" standard.
religion
gender
race
age
149
This 1954 case ruled that "separate but equal" was inherently unequal
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
Plessy v. Ferguson
150
Civil liberties protections for all citizens are based on
The Bill of Rights
the 14th amendment
the Preamble
The Declaration of Independence
151
According to the Constitution you must be at least 30 years old to hold what office?
U.S. Representative
U.S. President
U.S. Senator
U.S. Judge
152
Executive agreements are like treaties in which of the following ways?
They need UN approval
They are binding for the next President
They indicate the President's intentions
They need Senate approval
153
All of the following are ADMINISTRATIVE functions of the President EXCEPT
issue pardons
execute the law
fill vacancies
nominate officials
154
In the legislative process, what type of laws must originate in the House of Representatives?
creating courts
treaty approval
taxation bills
declaring war
155
Which of the following is true of Political Action Committees (PACS)?
They coordinate closely with their candidate
they tend to support incumbents
their donors can remain anonymous
There are limits to how much they can accept from any person
156
One key job of the bureaucracy in relation to regulation is
filing class action lawsuits
rule-making
iron triangles
passing laws
157
Nixon's efforts to cut spending by refusing to spend money allocated by Congress was called
impoundment
sequestration
fiscal cliff
budget resolution
158
Who makes up the interpreting population for the court system?
attorneys
lawyers and judges
police officers & teachers
criminals
159
What branch of the federal government MAY be involved in amending the Constitution?
The Executive
The Judicial
The Bureaucracy
The Legislative
160
The case Buckley v. Valeo struck down what part of campaign finance restrictions?
the part that said you can't fund your own campaign
the part that banned soft money
the part that banned hard money
the part that said you must take public funding
161
A judge appointed as a recess appointment can serve for no longer than
2 years
1 year
6 months
3 years
162
What agency insures that employees are allowed to organize labor unions?
SEC
FTC
NLRB
ICC
163
All of the following are ways the president controls the bureaucracy EXCEPT
eliminate agencies
appointments
issue executive orders
reorganize budgets
164
Which of the following must an American do to belong to a political party?
register
attend meetings
think they are in it
pay dues
165
The United States government is accurately described as
a democracy
a republic
a unitary federation
an autocracy
166
What case said the 14th amendment could extend civil liberties protections to the state level?
Schenk v. the United States
Engel v. Vitale
Gitlow v. New York
Lemon v. Kurtzman
167
Which of the following committees would be considered most powerful?
Ethics
Energy and Commerce
Veteran's Affairs
Appropriations
168
What fact might indicate that an incumbent is in a tight reelection race?
They are avoiding media attention
they participate in debates
they increase campaign spending
they are taking clear positions on issues
169
Media tends to be biased in all the following ways EXCEPT?
they tend to be liberal
They focus on odd/ unusual
they focus on issues
They focus on individuals
170
Which of the following is true of 527 groups?
They are for profit taxable organizations
they disclose the names of contributors
They coordinate closely with candidates
they produce issue ads
171
Whst American president is credited with inventing campaigning & inspiring "loyal opposition"?
William McKinley
Andrew Jackson
Alexander Hamilton
Thomas Jefferson
172
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Get rid of the "death tax" (a.k.a estate taxes)
Democrat
Republican
173
House or Senate? Allows floor amendments.
House
Senate
174
For what is Betty Freidan famous?
founding the National Organization for Women
Being the lead lawyer in Roe v. Wade
Starting Ms. Magazine
writing The Feminine Mystique
175
Which amendment banned alcohol in the U.S.?
18th
19th
25th
21st
176
A hierarchical organizational chart of a party with chairperson at top & candidates at bottom
iis accurate
iis a requirement in a democracy
may be ideal but isn't realistic
shows that party strength is on the rise
177
This amendment eliminated the poll tax
22nd
24th
23rd
25th
178
What gov't agency makes sure that commercial speech is truthful & concerns lawful activity?
Securities and Exchange
Federal Reserve
Interstate Commerce Commission
Federal Trade Commission
179
What does it mean when a candidate is being "vetted"?
They are being nominated
They are fiundraising
They are being fully "checked out" for any problems
They are being prepped for a debate
180
An incumbent
has a hareder time raising money
has a 50% chance of being successful.
is seeking office for the first time
is running for re-election
181
A disconnect between a law/ statute and the implementation is likely due to
regulation
due process
issue networks
adminstrative discretion
182
McCain Feingold, a.k.a. the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) did all the following EXCEPT
eliminated the public funding option
required reporting of PAC contributions
barred issue ads by outside groups before an election
increased the amount individuals to donate to candidates
183
What case declared that "separate is inherently unequal", ending school segregation?
Escobedo v. Illinois
Miranda v. Arizona
Gideon v. Wainwright
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
184
What type of communication is most likely to discuss a candidate's positions on the issues?
the nightly news
interviews with media
a poll
tv ads
185
What Republican attracted white southerners to the Republican party with his Southern Strategy?
H.W. Bush
Nixon
Reagan
Goldwater
186
Why did Democrats decide to create "superdelegates" after the McGovern - Fraser reforms?
to ensure the best balloon drop at the convention
to reward big fundraisers
to rank and file party members would have a voice
to make sure elected officials and party leaders had power
187
Presidential authority to strip out parts of bills without rejecting the whole bill is known as
the line item veto
discretionary spending
ways and means
the pocket veto
188
All of the following undercut the importance of campaign strategy EXCEPT
media culture
incumbency advantage
selective perception
party identification
189
This amendment clarified presidential succession should the President be ill but not dead.
25th
23rd
24th
26th
190
What "sole power" does the House of Representative hold, according to the Constitution?
Declare War
Impeachment
Approve treaties
Taxation
191
The idea that you don't need to outspend your opponent, but you need to get your message out is
the doctrine of efficiency
the doctrine of currency
the doctrine of sufficiency
the doctrine of campaign finance
192
Most common criminals are prosecuted in what courts?
state
federal
district
appellate
193
In 1972, what constitutional amendment failed to be ratified?
The Equal Rights Amendment
Fuel Independence
Gay Rights
Tutle IX
194
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Increase taxes on the wealthy.
liberal
conservative
195
This case ruled the government must provide an attorney if a suspect cannot afford one
Mapp v. Ohio
NAACP v. Alabama
Gideon v. Wainwright
Miranda v. Arizona
196
The President must have the advice and consent of the Senate to make treaties and __________.
appointments
declare war
veto
tax
197
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Put a cap on malpractice lawsuits.
Republican
Democrat
198
Why are signing statements controversial?
They tend to indicate an intent for selective enforcement
the Constitution says the actual President must sign laws
they are executive orders in disguise
They are relatively new in presidential history
199
Which article of the Constitution outlines the amendment process?
Article IV
Article VI
Article III
Article V
200
Which of the following is an example of unconventional political participation?
voting
protest
running for office
petitioning
201
Why are federal elected officials often referred to as "generalists"?
They know a little about many subjects.
They have the most expansive powers.
They favor military solutions in most cases.
They know a lot about a few subjects.
202
What do habeus corpus protections protect you against?
quartering troops in your home
unlawful imprisonment
treason charges
unlawful searches
203
What case established broadcasting can be regulated at a higher standard than newspapers?
NY Times v. Sullivan
Texas v. Johnson
Miller v, California
Red Lion Broadcasting v. FCC
204
Why did Eisenhower say that his appointment of Earl Warren was a mistake?
He "flipped" to the liberal side
He stepped down after 3 years
He "flipped" to the conservative side
He criticized Ike's response to the Little Rock Crisis
205
What is the purpose of a caucus in the House, Senate or made of both Reps and Senators?
To focus their collective energy of a specific area
To iron differences out on controversial topics
To stop amendments
To stop legislation
206
If a case is decided as "stare decisis" , what does that mean?
they want to lower courts to retry it
they tied
they defer to the lower court ruling
they were unanimous
207
Who was the 1st US President to control the press by controlling info and staying on message?
Clinton
H,W. Bush
Reagan
W. Bush
208
What is a leading contributor to the superficial nature of modern media?
Internet ads
the prevalence of sound bites
24 hour news channels
consolidation of news outlets
209
Who manages what federal cases the government will appeal to the Supreme Court?
the U.S. Marshalls
The Solicitor General
The Chief Justice
The Chief Magistrate
210
What case declared that the accused must be read their rights upon custodial interrogation?
Gideon v. Wainwright
Escobedo v. Illinois
Miranda v. Arizona
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
211
All of the following were a part of the 1974 Federal Elections Campaign Act EXCEPT
limited contributions
required reporting of income/spending
required candidtes to take public funds
a program to publicly fund campaigns was started
212
Over time, national party conventions have become less
contentious
predictable
attended
fun
213
How is the Congressional Budget Office different from the GAO?
The CBO is part of the Federal Reserve
The CBO provides estimates for budgeting purposes
The CBO is a watchdog on the GAO
The CBO is a partisan organization
214
What was the most "democratic" institution established by our founders?
The House of Representatives
The President
The Electoral College
The Senaste
215
The Supreme Court has had original jurisdiction in all the following cases EXCEPT
between a state and a country
between the US and states
between 2 or more states
capital punishment cases
216
Which type(s) of federal court(s) do not have appellate jurisdiction?
District Courts
Superior Courts
The Supreme Court
Circuit Courts
217
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "strict scrutiny" standard.
age
race
sexual orientation
gender
218
What case ruled that congressional districts must be drawn to have equal #s of people in them?
Swann v . Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Gideon v. Wainwright
Baker v. Carr
Miranda v. Arizona
219
House or Senate? Has filibusters.
Neither
House
Senate
Both
220
Why is it relatively hard to hire federal employees?
It is hard to find new people willing to take the exams
They have due process rights and cannot be fired w/o proof
They generally quit before they can be fired
They cycle out after each presidential election
221
What IS and what is NOT present in a Court of Appeals trial?
attorneys, judges
5 judges, juries
4 judges, law fairies
3 judges, witnesses
222
Senatorial courtesy is most important /critical for what level of the federal courts?
the district courts
the Supreme Court
the circuit courts
223
What impact did the Great Depression and Civil Rights have on the feds' commerce power?
it was inconsistent
contracted it / made smaller
expanded it / made bigger
it was unchanged
224
Conservative or liberal? Provide a "path to citizenship" for law-abiding illegal immigrants.
conservative
liberal
225
What percentage / fraction of the Senate must approve treaties for them to become law?
2/3
3/4
51%
unanimous
226
People and groups who have a perspective on a case, but are not directly involved, can
testify
hire lobbyists
obtain standing
file amicus curiae briefs
227
What case established the media can make incorrect claims as long as they didn't intend harm?
Miller v. California
Texas v. Johnson
Schenk v. the United States
NY Times v. Sullivan
228
Why does the "Responsible Party Model" work better in Europe than in the U.S.?
They have more parties
Their parties are more organized
They have more party cohesion
They have elections more often
229
This amendment provided for the direct election of senators.
16th
17th
19th
18th
230
At the start of our republic, to vote you had to meet all the following criiteria EXCEPT
property owner
Christian
male
white
231
The Supreme Court ruled NC had gone too far in using race as a factor in drawing districts in
Craig v. Boren
harris v. Forklift Systems
Shaw v. Reno
Reed v. North Carolina
232
This law said suspected terrorists can be wiretapped and residences searched without notice
Wikileaks Act
Protect America Act
Patriot Act
Freedom Act
233
In what part of the Constitution are political parties discussed?
Article II
Article V
Article III
No part
234
Across the board cuts that result when the budget process bogs down are called
omnibus bills
sequestration
regressive taxing
structural debt
235
What portion of the 14th amendment is the basis for civil rights protections in the US?
the equal protection clause
the due process clause
elastic clause
the free exercise clause
236
Which chief justice (appointed by Nixon) upheld abortion & ruled against him in U.S. v. Nixon?
William Rehnquist
Earl Warren
John Roberts
Warren Burger
237
This 1896 case ruled that "separate but equal" was constitutional
Reynolds v. United States
Plessy v. Ferguson
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
238
What article of the Constitution explains the judicial branch?
Article IV
Article III
Article II
Article I
239
Who are the litigants in a case?
the plaintiff and defendent
the lawyers
the judges
the members of the jury
240
Thanks to the 22nd amendment, the President is now inaugurated in this month.
February
January
December
March
241
The power to determine voting requirements and election procedures is held by
the states
the courts
the Congress
the President
242
What case declared that the accused must be provided a lawyer if they cannot afford one?
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
Gideon v. Wainwright
Miranda v. Arizona
Escobedo v. Illinois
243
What party did Abraham Lincoln found?
Whig
Republican
Democrat
Know Nothing
244
This case ruled that women have a right to an abortion in the 1st trimester without restriction
Griswold v. Connecticut
Roe v. Wade
Gideon v. Wainwright
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
245
House or Senate? Holds impeachment trials.
Both
House
Neither
Senate
246
After Watergate and Vietnam, how did media treatment of the government shift?
the press became more deferentail to the legislative power
the press became apathetic towards the government
the press became a "watchdog" on the government
the press became more protective of the president
247
All of the following are legislative bodies related to the budget process EXCEPT
The House Ways and Means Committee
Congressional Budget Office
The Senate Finance Committee
The Office of Management and Budget
248
This law banned literacy tests & allowed federal oversight of election activities in the South
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Civil Rights Act of 1968
The 24th amendment
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
249
What prevents the press form being too "tough" on the government and officials?
They are inherently patriotic
they need access to government officials
They might alienate viewers
they are liberal biased towards government intervention
250
How did local party bosses win support and loyalty to their party in the past?
providing government services
patronage
voter fraud
advertising
251
What was the goal of the McGovern-Fraser Commission in the 1960s?
to streamline platform writing
to eliminate caucuses in favor of primaries
to make delegate selection more democratic
to regulate campaign finance
252
What is the President's main check on judicial power?
judge appointments
judicial review
impeachment
file amicus curiae briefs
253
What effect did Shay's Rebellion have on the "founding fathers"?
They feared a stronger federal power.
They added a Bill of Rights to the Constitution
They opposed federal taxation
They were eager to create a stronger federal government.
254
Which of the following is true of Supreme Court opinions?
They must meet the standard of stare decisis
they are either concurring or dissenting
They must be unaninmous
All are written by the Chief Justice
255
When Sen. Majority Leade Reid cut the # of votes needed to approve judges it was deemed
the nuclear option
free exercise
sequestration
the filibuster
256
What case established a 3 part test for obscenity?
Schenk v. the United States
Miller v. California
Texas v. Johnson
NY Times v. Sullivan
257
Which of the following is an example of a beat?
press conference
politics
newscast
narrowcast
258
How many levels are the federal court system?
four
three
two
five
259
The clear division of powers between the state and federal government is known as
cooperative federalism
fiscal federalism
dual federalism
new federalism
260
What case established that the government can regulate corporations under the commerce clause?
Sweatt v. Paint
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Gibbons v. Ogden
Munn v. Illinois
261
What case established that speech can be banned that poses a "clear and present" danger?
Texas v. Johnson
NY Times v. Sullivan
Miller v. California
Schenk v. the United States
262
What was the ruling in Korematsu v. The United States?
Germans and Italians should also be interned
Internment of Japanese US citizens is unconstitutional
People of Japanese ancestry born in the US are not citizens
Internment of people of Japanese ancestry is constitutional
263
Franking is
a duty given to US elected officials
Unregulated
a privilege granted to US elected officials
Illegal
264
Conservative or liberal? Increase regulations to protect the environment.
liberal
conservative
265
What agency prepares the budget, which is first proposed by the executive (since the 1920s)?
The White House Staff
The Council on Economic Advisors
The GOA
The OMB
266
What agency oversees radio & television broadcasting & requires licensing?
Federal Trade Commission
Federal Communications Commission
Securities and Exchange Commission
Public Broadcasting Corporation
267
Voters registered as independents are positively correlated with what behavior?
protesting
fundraising
voting
ticket-splitting
268
Which of the following can the President do?
Declare war
Initiate constitutional amendments
Initiate laws
veto laws
269
Which party requires that primary / caucus results be used to assign delegates proportionally?
Republicans
Democrats
270
Implied powers were upheld when the courts approved the national bank as a result of what case?
Gibbons v. Ogden
Marbury v. Madison
McCullough v. Maryland
Fletcher v. Peck
271
What person or groups bears the most responsibility for funding and shaping a campaign?
the bureaucracy
the candidate
the party
interest groups
272
From the Civil War - 1960s the "Solid South" voted
Republican
Whig
Dixiecrat
Democratic
273
The significance of campaign strategy
is often underestimated
is that it typically converts voters
is that it sets the policy agenda
is generally overstated
274
All of the following tend to happen as you age EXCEPT
you vote more
you attend to the news
you get more conservative
You vote for Democrats
275
What court ruling banned simplistic formulas that advantaged minorities in college admissions?
Adarand Construction v. Pena
Fisher v.University of Texas
Grutter v. Bollinger
Gratz v. Bollinger
276
Empty question
277
The court case that broadly defined Congress' ability to control trade between states was
McCullough v. Maryland
Fletcher v. Peck
Giibbons v. Ogden
Dartmouth v. Woodward
278
"Pork"and "earmarks" are nicknames for
legislation that has wide appeal
legislation related to agricultural subsidies
federally funded projects that benefit a small group/region
retiring officials that become lobbyists
279
House or Senate? Small states are disproportionately represented.
Neither
Both
Senate
House
280
This case ruled the gov't. can't use evidence gained as a result of an illegal search:
Gregg v. Georgia
NAACP v. Alabama
Miranda v. Arizona
Mapp v. Ohio
281
What was evident after the Kennedy v. Nixon debates in 1960?
politicians must take clear positions on issues
The Conservative Era was over
physical attractiveness could impact electoral success
the effect of television on politics would be minimal
282
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 defined ___________________ as a form of discrimination.
disability
inaccessibility
accommodation
exclusion
283
The most common vehicle the government uses to borrow money is
sequestration
bond sales
foreign banks
tax loopholes
284
For what primary reason do parties hold primaries and / or caucuses?
To select a candidate for the general election
To raise money
To build enthusiasm
to produce a party platform
285
Who actually votes to nominate candidates at the national convention?
delegates
electors
party leaders
voters
286
When does a federal judge leave office?
After 5 years
After 10 years
after a no confidence vote
when they choose or die
287
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Support free trade and low tariffs.
liberal
conservative
288
All of the following were intended to limit black voting EXCEPT
poll taxes
primaries
grandfather clauses
literacy tests
289
This amendment protects states from lawsuits from people not living in the state.
11th
12th
9th
10th
290
The goal of the Graham-Rudman-Hollings act of the 1980s had what goal?
a deficit tied to the GDP
a balanced budget
passing a flat tax
returning budget initiation to Congress
291
What case ruling struck down anti-sodomy laws, granting gay people a right to privacy?
Lawrence v. Texas
Reece v. Texas
Smith v. Texas
Texas v. Johnson
292
According to Max Weber, all of the following are characteristics of bureaucracies EXCEPT
reliance on technology
promotion based on merit
division of labor
chain of command
293
These type of protesters have distance restrictions and cannot picket private residences:
abortion
police
school
zoning
294
What case established students can wear arm bands to school in symbolic protest ?
Miller v. California
Tinker v. DesMoines
Schenk v. the United States
Texas v. Johnson
295
All of the following increase the likelihood of voting EXCEPT
being educated
being young
being female
being wealthy
296
If a state is part of "frontloading", it is probably
giving free tv time to candidates
making it harder to get on the ballot
moving its primary / caucus to an earlier date
making it easier to register to vote
297
This amendment says Congress can't raise their own salaries.
26th
25th
24th
27th
298
All of the following demographic trends in the U.S. are true EXCEPT:
Blacks outnumber hispanics
the population is shifting to the south
The median age is getting higher.
We will soon be a majority minority nation
299
What president failed in his efforts to "pack" the Supreme Court with 6 more justices?
Richard Nixon
Teddy Roosevelt
Franklin Roosevelt
John Kennedy
300
The Department of Homeland Security, Education, Health and Human Services are all examples of
Government Corporations
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Independent Executive Agencies
Cabinet positions
301
Strict constructionists seek to understand or discern
free exercise
judicial activism
inherent powers
original intent
302
Powers not granted to the federal government and retained by the states are called . . .
federalism
granted
reserved
enumerated
303
All of the following are criticisms of our current primary / caucus system EXCEPT:
the early states are not representative of the US population
it caters to low information voters
the early states get too much attention
few people participate
304
This case limited federal power by ruling that the feds couldn't designate "gun free zones"
Butler v. U.S.
U.S. v. Lopez
U.S. v. Nixon
Schechter Poultry v. U.S.
305
All of the following are new realities of the budget process due to polarization EXCEPT?
government shutdowns
omnibus bills
fiscal cliffs
authorization bills
306
What fraction of state legislatures/ conventions must approve of all Constitutional amendmentS?
2/3
100%
1/2
3/4
307
Which of the following Constitutional principles insures we are not a confederation?
elastic clause
limited government
implied powers
supremacy clause
308
If the President cannot get his judges approved by the Senate, what is his/her other option?
a recess appointment
shrink the # of courts
a veto war
executive order
309
This case banned teacher led prayer in school
Employment Division v. Smith
Engel v. Vitale
Gitlow v. New York
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
310
Which courts have original jurisdiction in some cases?
Supreme and Appeals
District only
Supreme and District
District and Appeals
311
Which amendment provided for an income tax?
16th
10th
12th
15th
312
House or Senate? The Vice President breaks ties.
Neither
Senate
Both
House
313
What amendment gave women the right to vote?
17th
19th
20th
18th
314
House or Senate? Has a rules committee.
Neither
Both
Senate
House
315
What caused a steady increase in the cost of campaigns in the late 1950s and early 60s?
new state election laws
staffing requirements
inflation
television
316
What type of polls are candidates LEAST likely to use?
push polls
voter perception
key word / phrasing polls
exit poLling
317
What court ruling upheld using race as part of a holistic assessment in admissions decisions?
Adarand Construction v. Pena
Fisher v.University of Texas
Grutter v. Bollinger
Gratz v. Bollinger
318
If a legislature declares a whole group of people to be criminals, that is called a _______?
extradition
bill of attainder
ex post facto law
de facto prosecution
319
Interest groups and political parties differ in that
political parties offer selective benefits
Parties have legislative goals
political parties' main goal is to get candidates elected
political parties are involved in electioneering
320
Third parties serve all of the following functions EXCEPT
safety valve for popular discontent
make elections less volatile
motivate more people to vote
inject new issues into the policy agenda
321
Which of the following type of voter is least common?
idealogues
nature of the times
low information
groups benefits
322
When the President is using the "bully pulpit", what tool is probably nearby?
a microphone
a light saber
a pen
a shovel
323
What indicator is most significantly correlated with presidential approval ratings?
gold medals earned by the US at the Olympics
character ratings
economic indicators
foreign policy achievements
324
All of the following happen at a party's national convention EXCEPT?
the writing of the party platform
candidate nomination
a debate between the two leading candidates
a speech by the Vice Presidential nominee
325
What action is Congress's best "tool" for countering judicial activism?
regulations
impeachment
legislation
amendements
326
What case established a 3 part test for obscenity?
Schenk v. the United States
NY Times v. Sullivan
Texas v. Johnson
Miller v. California
327
What aspect of campaigns gets the most media attention?
fundraising
policy positions
the candidate's voting record
"horserace" coverage
328
How many years must you have lived in the US to be President?
15 years
14 years
20 years
30 years
329
The effect of iron triangles is typically
pluralism
elitism
hyperpluralism
socialism
330
What congressional office regulates the spending of public funds?
The General Accounting Office
The Congressional Budget Office
The Federal Reserve
The Bean Counting Patrol
331
A trial balloon is usually preceded by a
scandal
interview
leak
beat
332
What case ruling made 527 groups flourish because corporations could give them unlimited funds?
US v. Nixon
FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life
Citizens United v, Federal Election Commission
McCain v. BCRA
333
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Protect the life of the unborn.
liberal
conservative
334
All of the following are tasks of political parties EXCEPT
run polls on election day
coordinate campaigns
pick candidates
articulate policies
335
Expanded influence of the feds over the states through funding is called . . .
incumbency
fiscal policy
fiscal federalism
concurrent powers
336
All of the following are typical actions of the President in their role as head of state EXCEPT
pardoning criminals
pardoning a turkey on Thanksgiving
receiving foreign heads of state
laying a wreath on the grave of the Unknown Soldier
337
All of the following contribute to hyperdemocracy or officials "running scared" except
the power of interest groups
strong parties
primaries
short terms
338
What types of elections do states have that the federal government does NOT have?
primaries
general elections
policy elections
339
Comstat, Amtrack and the Postal Service are all examples of
Cabinet positions
Government Corporations
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Independent Executive Agencies
340
How were affirmative action programs brought to an end in California?
the state legislative baody banned it
an executive order by the Governor
an initiative was passed
a court order
341
What political philosopher most inspired the writing of the Declaration?
Montesquieu
Thomas Hobbes
Adam Smith
John Locke