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Exercise Physiology Final exam part 1 Flashcards | StudBud
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Exercise Physiology Final exam part 1
Exercise Physiology Final exam part 1
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1
Occurs with prolonged bed rest, atrophy, and higher HR (tachycardia)
deconditioning
adaption
aerobic exercise training
myocardial oxygen consumption
2
Bruce protocol is the most popular fitness test
False
True
3
The gold standard of exercise is multistage testing = true max HR
False
True
4
How is workload manipulated during stress testing and how long should it be maintained?
workload should be maintained for a minute or longer
workload should be maintained for 30 s or longer
increasing the grade of the treadmill/resistance bike
increasing the speed of the treadmill/resistance bike
5
What are the absolute contraindications for exercise in pregnancy?
placenta previa after 26 weeks
pt is at risk for preterm labor (PTL)
Hemodynamically significant HD
persistent 2nd or 3rd trimester bleeding
Incompetent cervix or cerclage
Restrictive Lung Disease
6
Relative contraindications/precautions for exercise during pregnancy?
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
Poorly controlled hypertension
history of extreme sedentary lifestyle
extreme underweight (BMI<12)
7
What is the required time of exercise dependent on?
frequency level
total work
exercise intensity
fitness level
8
What are the 3 major energy systems of expenditure
Aerobic
ATP-PC
mitochondria system
Anaerobic glycolytic
9
How is balance maintained during whole body lifting?
anticipated weight and momentum
COM shifts
modifying lifting style
proper lifting instruction
10
The vertical projection of the COM to the ground
momentum
center of gravity
base of support
postural orientation
11
What structures may be tight with typical pregnancy posture?
lumbar extensors
pec muscles
upper trunk flexors
hip flexors
12
Ability to perform large muscle dynamic exercises like running, swimming, biking
cardiovascular endurance
muscular endurance
13
What are the lateral limits of stability?
16 degrees of sway
feet 5 in apart
12 degrees of sway
feet 4 in apart
14
The point at which the body is in perfect equilibrium
base of support
center of gravity
center of mass
momentum
15
What are the absolute contraindications to for exercise in pregnancy?
severe anemia
ruptured membranes/premature rupture of membranes
preeclampsia
Pre-term labor during current pregnancy
16
What are the cardiac effects to exercise?
Increase in SNS stimulation
Frequency of SA node depolarization increase
Frequency of SA node depolarization decreases
HR increases
17
Physical activity during pregnancy
showed to be beneficial
shows no benefit
may need to be modified due to fetal requirements
may need to be modified due to anatomic and physiological changes
18
Combined strategies are combined to complete everyday activities and varies on task demands and environment
False
True
19
A TUG test is an example of a
sensory organization test
steady-state static balance test
steady-state dynamic balance test
functional test
20
What is the recommended intensity of exercise?
75-90% of max HR
30-40% of max HR
60-90 % of max HR
50 % of max HR
21
How can you modify exercise if you suspect supine hypotension/vena cava syndrome?
left side lying position
rotate 30 degrees to the left
switch to 3/4 prone position
semi-supine position
22
Respiratory response to exercise
oxygen consumption
increased blood flow
stress, anger, emotions, and pain
increased oxygen extraction
23
Balance related to perturbation
external = reaction
external = anticipatory
depends on what time
internal = anticipatory
24
What happens to the diaphragm during pregnancy?
causes the ribcage to elevate and expand
becomes depressed
becomes elevated
causes the ribcage to depress
25
Sympathetic nervous system's response to exercise
exercise pressor response
cardiac effects to exercise
stress
peripheral effects to exercise
26
Potential relaxation exercises for a pregnant pt
gentle prenatal yoga
Progressive muscle relaxation
diaphragmatic breathing/meditative breathing
aquatic therapy exercises
27
Sway boundaries to maintain equilibrium without changing BOS
limits of stability
momentum
ground reaction force
center of pressure
28
Relative contraindications/precautions to exercise during pregnancy?
Orthopedic limitations
poorly controlled seizure disorder
heavy smoker
poorly controlled hyperthyroidism
29
What is the fittness test for healthy adults?
submax test
max test
pacer test
Vo2 max test
30
1 met = ___ kcal
5
2.5
1
3.5
31
What structures may be overstretched & weak with typical pregnancy posture?
upper trunk flexors
hip flexors
upper trunk extensors
abdominals (rectus diastasis)
32
5–10-minute stretching
warm-Up period
cooldown period
33
Balance in unperturbed human gait = center of mass is within base of support during double stance phase of gait
False
True
34
Peripheral effects of exercise
net reduction in total peripheral resistance
decreased cardiac output
increased cardiac output
increase in systolic BP
35
What indicates a positive rectus diastasis test?
separation large than 2 fingers (2cm) at, above, or below umbilicus
No separation below umbilicus with 2cm separation at umbilicus
36
Planned and structured physical activity designed to improve and maintain physical fitness
VO2 max
endurance
exercise
adaptation
37
Fitness programs where you perform a series of exercises back-to-back with minimal rest
circuit-interval training
continous training
circuit training
interval training
38
Control of body position in space to maintain orientation and stability
postural orientation
postural control
center of gravity
center of mass
39
Explain pelvic floor exercises
can do "holds" or "quick flicks"
pull pelvic region "up and in" from pubis to coccyx
can incorporate hip muscles that attach to pelvic floor
usually done seated or supine
40
Quick reaction at the hips to get center of mass back into BOS
weight shift strategy
Hip strategy
suspension strategy
ankle strategy
41
Volume or quantity of exercise completed weekly is the product of frequency, intensity, and time
False
True
42
Progression of exercise
time should be increased before intensity
dependent on overall health at the start of an exercise program
intensity should be increased before time
dependent on individuals fitness and health goals
43
Takes place in a lateral plane and comes from the hips
stepping strategy
weight shift strategy
suspension strategy
hip strategy
44
What are some musculoskeletal changes that can happen during pregnancy that can cause pain & discomfort?
excessive lordosis
enlarged breasts
enlarged uterus
leg cramps from electrolyte changes & inadequate fluid intake
45
Relative contraindications/precautions for exercise during pregnancy
extreme morbid obesity
unevaluated maternal cardiac arrhythmia
poorly controlled type I diabetes
anemia
chronic bronchitis
46
What are the anterior/posterior limits of stability
16 degrees of sway
10 degrees of sway
15 degrees of sway
12 degrees of sway
47
Taking a step to increase base of stability
suspension strategy
ankle strategy
weight shift strategy
stepping strategy
48
Responsible for lowering the body to the ground
weight shift strategy
suspension strategy
hip strategy
stepping strategy
49
What happens to the uterus during pregnancy?
starts as a pelvic organ and ends up being an abdominal organ
increases approximately 10x in size
starts as a pelvic organ and ends up being a pelvic organ
Increases approximately 20x in size
50
What should be considered for exercise intensity and is most important for successful changes in aerobic fitness
specificity principle
overload principle
force velocity curve
all or nothing principle
51
Ability to maintain alignment of body segments
balance (postural stability)
postural orientation
postural control
center of mass
52
Percentage of work output
efficiency
Expenditure
53
Circuit-interval training is a combination of circuit and interval training
True
False
54
Any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles that results in increased energy expenditure
physical fitness
exercise
endurance
physical activity
55
What is the recommended time required for exercise?
60 min if pt can't reach 60% of VO2 max
30-45 min
45 min if pt can't reach 60% of VO2 max
20-30 min
56
Reccomended time of exercise for adults 18-65
45 minutes of moderate exercise
30 min of moderate exercise
30 min of vigorous exercise
20 min of vigorous exercise
57
When is balance at its greatest?
BOS is maintained over COM/COG
COM = BOS
COM/COG is maintained over BOS
when jumping up and down
58
Frequency of exercise should be 3-4 times per week what is this dependent on?
intensity
duration
health
age
59
Reaction from the ground to the body's contact with the ground
ground reaction force
base of support
center of pressure
stability
60
What is the purpose of fitness testing?
to evaluate lung capacity
to determine how much stress a pt has
to determine physical work capacity
to evaluate cardiovascular functional capacity
61
The best way to relieve tightness with pregnancy is to stretch the tight muscles & work on postural correction exercises
False
True
62
Type of exercise is dependent upon the specificity principle
True
False
63
Regular physical activity in all phases of life including pregnancy promotes health benefits
False
True
64
What exercises should be avoided during pregnancy?
motionless postures such as yoga
positions that would decrease pulmonary reserve
supine positions
contact activities with high risk of abdominal trauma
65
ACOG warning signs to discontinue exercise with a pregnant pt
dyspnea before exertion
abdominal pain
Vaginal bleeding
Dizziness
amniotic fluid leakage
regular painful contractions
66
Location of the vertical projection of the ground reaction force
center of gravity
center of mass
base of support
center of pressure
67
Where is center of mass located?
slightly anterior to 2nd sacral vertebrae
at the umbilicus
at the level of T1
slightly posterior to 3rd sacral vertebrae
68
What are possible exercise to strengthen/stabilize abdominals (include lower/transverse abdominals) for rectus diastasis
modified side plank on knees
Diaphragmatic breathing
Heel slides w/ core engagement
posterior pelvic tilts (PPT)
Bird dogs
69
How many stages are performed in a fitness test and how long should each stage be?
1-4 min per stage
2-6 min per stage
2-3 sages
4-6 stages
70
Responsible for head position relative to gravity
visual system
auditory system
somatosensory system
vestibular system
71
Recommended time of exercise for children 6-17
60 min
20 min
30 min
120 min
72
A functional reach test is an example of a
sensory organization test
anticipatory postural control test
functional test
reactive postural control test
73
Body's capacity to use oxygen
VO2 max
physical fitness
myocardial oxygen consumption
endurance
74
Oxygen consumed by the myocardial muscle
deconditioning
aerobic exercise training
myocardial oxygen consumption
adaptation
75
What are the physiological changes w/ aerobic training
lung volume increases
increased mitochondria and enzymes
body fat decreases while bone/tendon strength increases
HR decreases
76
Product of mass x velocity
exertion
momentum
force
stability
77
10-minute period of whole-body movement
warm-Up period
cooldown period
78
Ability of isolated muscle groups performing repeated contractions over time like lifting weights
muscular endurance
cardiovascular endurance
79
Dynamic process to maintain the body's position in equilibrium
postural control
Balance (postural stability)
center of mass
postural orientation
80
Exercise that alternates between periods of intense activities & periods of rest/low intensity (HIIT training)
circuit training
circuit-interval training
continuous training
interval training
81
Ability to work for prolonged periods of time
vo2 max
endurance
adaptation
exercise
82
Ability of the cardiovascular system & muscles to adapt to the training stimulus over time
aerobic exercise training
deconditioning
myocardial oxygen consumption
adaptation
83
How do you prepare a pt for fitness testing?
have them rest weeks in advance
have them sign a consent form
Having them perform a physical exam
monitoring their ECG
84
Responsible for touch & proprioception/body awareness in space
Somatosensory system
auditory system
vestibular system
visual system
85
Feedback from the brain in order to know where you are/what's around you, speed of head movements, and gaze level
Visual system
somatosensory system
motor system
vestibular system
86
ACOG warning signs to discontinue exercise with a pregnant pt
calf pain/swelling
chest pain
muscle weakness affecting balance
Headache
87
Which system is dominant when standing on a flat horizontal surface?
Somatosensory system
vestibular system
motor system
visual system
88
Exercise that involves sustained, steady-state activity without rest period to improve cardiovascular endurance/stamina
Continuous training
circuit-interval training
circuit training
interval training
89
How often should treadmill grade be increased during a fitness test?
every 2 min
every 3 min
every 30 seconds
every 5 min
90
Ability to perform physical work
physical fitness
endurance
exercise
physical activity
91
What is the goal when treating a pt w/ rectus diastasis
to induce labor asap
to keep the pt comfortable
strengthening all core muscles whether or not speration increases
strengthen deep core muscles without worsening separation
92
Takes place in the anterior/posterior plane most important for quiet stance (just standing) muscles activated distally
suspension strategy
ankle strategy
weight shift strategy
stepping strategy
93
A 5TSTS test is an example of a
anticipatory postural control test
steady-state static balance test
sensory organization test
steady-state dynamic balance test
94
When should a fitness test be terminated?
pt gets pale skin and feel nauseous
excessive rise in BP
pt wishes to stop
pt experiences lightheadedness
95
Augmentation of the energy utilization of the muscle by means of an exercise program
adaptation
myocardial oxygen consumption
aerobic exercise training
deconditioning
