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AP World History Periods 1-3 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP World History Periods 1-3
AP World History Periods 1-3
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1
Japanese feudalism
Revolve around the power of the samurai as warlords
Brought a temporary end to internal conflicts
United peasants and elite classes
Saw the beginnings of a centralized Japan
2
The agricultural revolution
began with an extensive pattern of cultural diffusion
was an abrupt process beginning in 8000 BCE
occurred about the same time throughout the world
Saw the use of agricultural methods that inspired migration
3
The rule of classical India included
Aryan agricultural knowledge
The Aryan writing language
Vedic traditional literature
The egalitarian Aryan society
4
The decline of Gupta India
Didn't result in the fragmentation of the country
Occurred without pressure from invading peoples
Resulted in the decline of traditional Indian culture
Saw the increased power of local princes
5
European explorations
Promoted harmony among the nations of Europe
Were dependent on European technological innovation
Sought to break established trade monopolies
Concentrated on the Americas
6
The end of the trans-Atlantic slave trade
Received widespread support of African kings
Occurred about the time of the emancipation of Russian surfs
Began with Brazil
Was resisted by Great Britain
7
The period of greatest population decline in Europe during the Middle Ages was
The 15th century
The 10th to 13th centuries
The 14th century
The 5th and 6th centuries
8
The decline of Han China
Saw Daoism, rather than Confucianism, gaining popularity
Like Rome, saw invaders permanently dominate the empire
Sae the end of Chinese established traditions
Resulted in the decline of Buddhism in China
9
The position of Chinese women
Was more restrictive under the Tang than under the Song
Resulted in greater freedoms under Neo-Confucianism
Was defined by Confucianism
Changed markedly between the 7th and 13th centuries
10
Which of the American peoples was closest to the Persians in their administrative style?
The Aztecs
The Mississippians
The Incas
The Mayas
11
The area in which Islam showed the most change during the 7th to the 15th centuries was in
The development of the shariah
The role of women
The status of slaves
It's treatment toward People of the Book
12
Aztec and Inca religions
Restricted the worship of subject peoples
Stressed a personal relationship with their gods
Placed women in a subordinate position
Reflected the agrarian nature of their respective societies
13
The influence of nomadic peoples in Eurasia
Brought efficient administration to Eurasia
Created a relationship between nomads and settled peoples
Ended with the Mongols
Delayed the interaction of global commercial networks
14
Compared to the Spanish Empire, that of the Portuguese
Was less influenced by the Roman Catholic Church
Developed a more egalitarian society
Was more global in its extent
Developed a better relationship with Indian inhabitants
15
Under both the Han and Roman empires
All of the above
A time of peace settled over both empires
New territories were added to the empire
Imperial roads were connected to the Silk Roads
16
Daoism and Confucianism
Agreed on the importance of education
Taught that political involvement was essential to a society
Disagreed on the need for personal reflection
Based their teachings on Chinese traditions
17
Both the Aztecs and Incas
Allowed women a significant role in public life
Built on the traditions of their predecessors
Were originally nomadic people
Integrated conquered peoples into their empire
18
The Ottoman empire
Unlike the Mughal empire, was not a gun powder empire
Weakend because its technology fell behind that of Europe
Was unsuccessful in controlling European territory
Reached its height around 1750
19
The Persians
Continued the traditions of ancient Mesopotamia
Introduced a religion similar to the structure of Hinduism
Failed to establish a unified empire
Were noted for their harsh treatment toward conquered people
20
The early civilization with the least-developed technology was
Harrapan
Mesoamerican
Egyptian
Sumerian
21
Medieval Europe
Extended to local schools found on the manor
Saw the rise of universities
Produced urban areas that rivaled those of European empires
Developed banking institutions from multicultural contacts
22
The Netherlands established commercial/colonial interests in all of the following areas EXCEPT
North America
Southern Africa
Japan
Western Africa
23
Mercantilism
Encouraged the importation of foreign goods
Brought long-term prosperity to Europe
Supported free trade
Sparked further rivalries among European nations
24
The Mughal empire
Controlled the entire Indian subcontinent
Produced art and architecture that reflected syncretism
Failed to ease tensions between Hindus and Muslims in India
25
The nation-state
Was embraced by the Ottoman empire
Arose in Europe because of its diversity of cultural groups
Promoted harmony among Europeans
Was incompatible with absolute monarchies
26
All of the following Chinese traditions and achievements began under the Han dynasty EXCEPT
Confucian philosophy
Expansion into central Asia
The civil service exam
Paper manufacture
27
The Indus Valley civilization
Is the best studied through it's written records
Relied heavily on communal planning
Was isolated from other River Valley civilizations
Declined after the arrival of Aryan invaders
28
The English and French engaged in rivalries over territory in
North Africa
East Africa
China
Indonesia
29
Compaired to the Viets, the Chinese were more
Agrarian
Interested in trade
Urbanized
Ethnically diverse
30
During the classical period, Africa
Repelled Christian missionary efforts
Was cut off from global trade patterns
Saw new technology used in trans-Saharan travel
Lost contact with classical civilizations
31
Interactions between Muslims and Europeans during the 1600's are most commonly found in the
Pacific ocean
Arctic Ocean
Atlantic ocean
Indian Ocean
32
Early urban dwellers
Were offered few chances to carry out specialized tasks
Were dominated by people in agricultural settlements
Saw the need for a government
Left the religious practices to agricultural peoples
33
Sugar plantations
Were the ultimate destination of the first Portuguese slaves
Were initially founded in the Caribbean
Especially valued slaves from Western Africa
34
An example of diffusion rather than independent invention is the
Sumerian use of the wheel
Cultivation of the banana in southeast Asia
Mayan concept of zero as a place holder
Origin of the Greek alphabet
35
The Black Death
Changed the course of political institutions
Spread solely along routes of Mongol conquest
Originated in Europe
Was most devastating in north Africa
36
Confucianism and early Buddhism
Did not believe that their founders were gods
Became the dominant philosophy of their respective regions
Emphasized the importance of effective government
Included a belief in nirvana
37
Within Africa, the slave trade
Promoted unity amoung African kingdoms
Decreased the value of women slaves
Increased African dependence on European nations
Had little effect on central African kingdoms
38
Egyptian trade
Weakend after the opening of the Suez Canal
Was dependent on the exportation of a single crop
Improved as a result of Muhammad Ali's policies
Didn't suffer from competition with Europe
39
The Abbasid dynasty
Proved the high point of Muslim cultural achievement
Creates a social rift between Arabs and new converts
Healed the rift between Sunnis and Shi'ites
40
Greek society
Was disrupted by the conquest of Alexander
Was unified by the geography of the Greek peninsula
Extended the democratic ideal by relying on free labor alone
Was extended through overseas colonization
41
The 15th century was characterized by
The strengthening of nation-states in England and France
The beginning of nation-states in Italy and Germany
The decentralization of political power in Spain
42
The declining years of the Qing dynasty saw
The influence of foreign nations
Invasion by nomadic people north of the Great Wall
The long-term acceptance of the self-strengthening movement
The end of the opium trade
43
The Renaissance
What is a movement of uniquely Western origins
Was a result of the crusades
Began in the Eastern Roman empire
Represented a complete break from medieval traditions
44
When the Portuguese first became involved in the slave trade
They were interested primarily in gold and spices
They were on interested in Christianizing African peoples
They were amazed at the poverty of African kingdoms
They created the African slave trade
45
The trans-Atlantic slave trade
Increased after the establishment of sugar plantations
Carried more women than men
carried the majority of slaves to North America
46
Buddhism
Changed to teach that common people could reach nirvana
Was the adopted faith of Gupta rulers
Opposed Confucian ideals of patriarchal families
47
Compared to the trans-Atlantic slave trade, that of eastern Africa
acquired slaves from coastal areas only
Involved only European nations
Didn't involve central Africa
Also involved the plantation system
48
Early medieval Europe's strongest state was
France
England
The Holy Roman Empire
The Papal States
49
One of the weaknesses of the early Muslim empires was
Failure to resolve questions of succession
Disregard for the cultural traditions of conquered peoples
Indifference to the Sunni and Shi'ite split
Insistance on conversion of non-Arabs within the empire
50
From the time of the Roman Republic to the Pax Romana
Rome became increasingly democratic
Roman civilization became increasingly weaker
The territory of Rome continued to expand
Roman citizenship became increasingly rare
51
During the agricultural revolution, women
Weren't represented in neolithic art
Experienced a decrease in status
Observed and studied the agricultural environment
Participated in hunting activities with men
52
Shang China
Was less urbanized than the Nile Valley civilization
Was prevented by natural barriers from trading
Contributed to the development of China's central government
Left no decipherable written records
53
Hinduism
Was based on traditions of the Harappan civilization
Addressed the consequences of one's behavior
Offered no hope from members of lower castes
Gained little acceptance outside India
54
African kingdoms in the period from 1450 to 1750
Like the Chinese, weren't interested in European trade goods
Featured monarchs ruled without advisers
Participated in slave trade before the arrival of Europeans
Frequently enslaved their own people
55
Early societies of South America
Developed societies that had no knowledge of metals
Built upon Mesoamerican cultural traditions
Traded widely with regions to their north
Was challenged by geographic limitations
56
Silk road trade
Was confined to land routes across Asia
Florished despite constant interferences from nomadic tribes
Bypassed Mesopotamia
Established links between the empires of Han China and Rome
57
Christianity
Remained a religion of the Roman empire
Was not a missionary religion
Failed to utilize the public works of the Roman empire
Taught the forgiveness of sins through faith in Jesus
58
Earliest civilizations in both the Eastern and Western hemispheres were similar in
Their practice of polytheism
Their reliance on the flooding of major rivers
Their location at similar latitudes
Their technological knowledge
59
As a new faith, Islam gained strength
Within portions of the former Roman Empire
First in Mecca, then throughout the Arabian peninsula
Because of rules of succession
60
During the period of the late Roman empire, Christianity
Declined in numbers because of persecutions
Became less organized as the empire fell
Experienced a change in its official status
Appealed primarily to elite classes
61
The natives of North America
Established tribute empires
Build empires on the scale of those of Mesoamerica
Used architectural designs similar to those of Mesoamerica
62
The Aztec and Inca civilizations differed most significantly in their
Religious institutions
Social structure
Technological skill
System of recordkeeping
63
Muhammad
Established clear class distinctions for Islamic society
Made provisions for the future leadership of Islam
Built on the religious traditions of the Arabian Peninsula
64
As a result of hemispheric trade between 1450 and 1750
The work of African artisans found new markets
European wealth and commercial dominance increased
The entire globe was linked by numerous active trade routes
65
The declining years of Han China and the Roman empire shared all of the following EXCEPT
Unequal land distribution
Attack by powerful neighboring states
Epidemic disease
Poor harvests
66
Both Hinduism and Buddhism
None of the above
Supported the caste system
Revered women
Became increasingly popular in India
67
Under Mongol rule in China
Chinese educational traditions were maintained
Chinese women were placed in a more subordinate position
Japan and Vietnam were brought under Mongol control
Chinese regional rulers were allowed to govern
68
During the middle ages, the concept of limited government with the most clearly in
Italy
France
England
Germany
69
The Neolithic age
Saw the beginnings of urbanization
Saw agriculture carried out without the use of metal tools
Produced societlies without class distinctions
Saw a decline in global populations
70
European exploration through the mid-15th century
Produced intense rivalries with East Asian civilizations
Depended upon the knowledge of the eastern world
Suffered from a lack of technological expertise
Placed merchants in conflict with monarchs
71
The position of the Chinese scholar-gentry
Was admired by the Vietnamese
Declined during the Song Dynasty
Was mimicked by the Japanese
Weekend efforts to curb nomadic invasions
72
The African slave trade
Was frequently the result of African rivalries
Was abolished by the Dutch in southern Africa
Had no ties to Middle Eastern trade
Was limited to the Atlantic ocean
73
Indian Ocean trade
Failed to establish connections with land routes
Linked all areas of the Indian Ocean basin except Africa
Declined with the fall of classical empires
Saw mariners use the geographic forces of the Indian Ocean
74
The Ottoman Empire
Supported policies that benefited local artisans
Saw trade between non-Muslims and European merchants
Refused to accept foreign loans
Resisted economic reforms
75
During the Gupta dynasty
The government of India became more centralized
Slavery increased
Arabic numerals originated in India
Hinduism and Buddhism became the official religions of India
76
The Columbian exchange
Drew the world's oceans into an active trade network
Didn't involve Africa
Improved the nutrition of American indigenous peoples
Created both positive and adverse effects on population
77
Attempts to save the Roman empire from ruin included
The emancipation of Roman slaves
The establishment of a new capital in the eastern empire
The division of the latifundia
78
The Five Pillars
Are included in the Quran
Are inattentive to distinctions in social class
Provide unity within Islam
79
The Egyptian civilization was similar to the Sumerian civilization in
Its extent to which its culture was diffused
Its reliance on natural defense barriers
Its political structure
Its system of social stratification
80
Results of cultural diffusion among early civilizations included
The legend of Quetzalcoatl
The cultivation of potatoes
Harappan sewage systems
The invention of the wheel
81
The Eastern portion of the Roman empire
Competed with the Parthians and Sassanids for trade
Didn't experience pressure from invaders
Successfully restored the boundaries of the Western empire
Was a center of trade, art, and architecture
82
Trade among the peoples of the Americas
United the Chimor and Inca people
Was facilitated in the Andes by geography
Was most similar in the Aztec and Toltec societies
Remained local
