What occurred when the agricultural lifestyle developed?

we increased our immunities, animals were domesticated, increased diseases occured

accommodation is when we...

change our schemas are a result of new experiences

Which of the following are criticisms for mairy ainsworths strange situation

Not appropriate for all cultures, Doesn’t explain day care, Relationships differ (child may be closer to the dad)

Logographic writing systems =

symbols show syllables or a word

Which of the following is NOT a key feature of testing children?

take an extremely loving appraoch

Click on all of the following statements that are true...

US students = more favourable views of others., Working class Americans = more independent & holistic, College student Americans are more individualistic, Conformity is lower in non-college educated Americans

Grien & Reznik found that when we develop the skill of being able to count from the larger addend, we...

we do not need to be explicitly told to do this

The Phonic method in reading...

focuses on decoding process and sound-letter correspondence

Which of the following is NOT a consideration for research w/ children?

providing a child friendly payment

preferential looking paradigm is useful for studying which of the following

visual preference, speech perception, word learning

Which of the following are influences on reading comprehension?

amount of reading they do, parents talking to them, parents reading to them

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DEVELOPMENTAL QUIZ

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Answers

1
What occurred when the agricultural lifestyle developed?
we evolved thumbs
we increased our immunities
animals were domesticated
increased diseases occured
2
Which of the following is not an example of quantity pre-cursors for maths?
visuospatial skills
number identification
counting
quantity comparison
3
Only American parents provided separate room for infants (Burton & Whiting, 1961)
True
False
4
Intensive farming led to social changes like housing, population growth etc
True
False
5
The strange situation was carried out by...
mary ainsworth
Bowlby
skinner
piaget
6
The 3 mountains task can be used to test perspective taking
False
True
7
False belief is the understanding that others believe things that aren’t true
True
False
8
accommodation is when we...
when we use existing info to interpret new info
change our schemas are a result of new experiences
9
Which of the following are criticisms for mairy ainsworths strange situation
Not appropriate for all cultures
Doesn’t explain day care
Relationships differ (child may be closer to the dad)
10
CROSS-SECTIONAL RESEARCH = observe different age groups across the same time
False
True
11
Which attachment is linked to when the child is ready to explore, shows little distress, doesnt avoid stranger etc...
secure
avoidant
disorganized
resistant
12
How many types of atachment styles are there?
3
6
4
5
13
Bowlby was influences by comparative psych, ethology, evolutionary psych and psychoanalytic ideas
True
False
14
2nd order theory of mind occurs between 6-8 years
True
False
15
Logographic writing systems =
symbols show syllables or a word
letter makes each sound (uses phoneme-grapheme correspondence)
16
An emotional tie that an individual forms to another to maintain nurturance, protection and security is known as...
none of the above
attachment
Family bond
friendship
17
When there is a strong link between schema & experience, this is known as...
equilibrium
Disequilibrium
18
At what age to children point for hidden objects (acknowledging their knowledge is diff to others)?
18 months
3 years
12 months
24 months
19
Resistant = doesn’t explore and anxious before separation (intense distress), rejects/doesn’t unite w/ mum.
True
False
20
Children cannot give their own consent without the consent from an adult until they're 16
False
True
21
Do most languages use egocentric or allocentric reasoning
egocentric
allocentric
22
Positive correlation (not causal) between early mastery of letter names & reading achievement
True
False
23
WHEN WE SHOW 2 STIMULI AND SEE WHAT ONE THE BABY LOOKS AT, WE USE WHAT METHOD?
habituation paradigm
preferential paradigm
24
Reciprocal teaching = teachers & children take turns when taking on a problem (linked to vygotsky)
False
True
25
Which of the following is NOT a precursor for reading?
Print conventions
phonological awareness
Listening comprehension
20-20 vision
26
At what age do infants understand that people have goals?
18 months
12 months
6 months
2 months
27
What percentage of cultures do not prepare a baby room?
90%
75%
50%
28
Piaget believe cognition and language were independent
True
False
29
the ability to carry out a sequence of actions to solve problems is known as
conceptual knowledge
procedural knoweldge
utilisation knowledge
30
How many steps are in the strange situation?
8
5
6
7
31
Which of the following attachment styles is least common?
avoidant
resistant
secure attachment
disorganized
32
Which of following is NOT one of the ways to test infants?
infant looking behaviour
imitation tasks
making faces
non-nutritive sucking
33
Carraher et al study led us to believe we should contextualise problems first and then make them more abstract
False
True
34
In the formal operational stage , children start to use abstract thought
False
True
35
Which of the following is NOT a key feature of testing children?
take an extremely loving appraoch
child friendly explanation
debrief and give payment
consent from for the adult
36
Click on all of the following statements that are true...
US students = more favourable views of others.
Working class Americans = more independent & holistic
College student Americans are more individualistic
Conformity is lower in non-college educated Americans
37
In what phase do children seek to maintain proximity, protest when separated and wary of strangers
separation protest (7m-2yrs)
early attachment (2-7m
goal corrected (2yrs+)
pre attachment (0-2m)
38
Grien & Reznik found that when we develop the skill of being able to count from the larger addend, we...
Need to be explicitly told to do this
we do not need to be explicitly told to do this
39
language ability (eg, names of numbers) helps the development of maths skills
False
True
40
The Phonic method in reading...
encourages recognition of whole words
focuses on decoding process and sound-letter correspondence
41
Which of the following is NOT a consideration for research w/ children?
the test situation (whether it may be distressing etc)
providing a child friendly payment
suitability of test environment
suitability of the task
42
the more a child looks at a stimulus, the more suprised they are
True
False
43
preferential looking paradigm is useful for studying which of the following
visual preference
none of the above
speech perception
word learning
44
Colour = corresponds to colour terms of the speakers language
True
False
45
Level one perspective taking is defined as...
you and I see diff things
You & I see same things in diff ways
46
Who found that Brazilian children were better at answers maths Q's when placed into real world context?
Smith et al
Fyfe et al
Carraher et al
Ainsworth
47
When a child interacts and observes w/ their environment and then develop psychological abilities is known as...
scaffolding
none of the above
internalisation
social constructivism
48
Visually based retrieval = word meaning taken from visual form
False
True
49
what type of cognitive functions are unique to humans?
higher cognitive functions
elementary cognitive functions
50
The false believe task known as the sally-anne task is an example of....
unexpected transfer
unexpected contents
51
Which of the following are influences on reading comprehension?
amount of reading they do
parents talking to them
parents reading to them
52
"decoding X lang comprehension" is the equation that represents what concept?
language production
none oft he above
reading comprehension
writing ability
53
Lohaus et al found what percentage of NSO children were sitting at 3 months compared to 6.8% of german infants?
47%
72.8%
32%
94.5%
54
sensorimotor stage (0-2yrs) is the stage in which (pick multiple answers)...
The A not B error occurs
children learn through imitation and play
we have the ability to conserve
infant understand world through sense & actions
55
goal corrected stage (2yrs+) = begins to understand mothers needs w/ increased independence
True
False
56
collective products or ideas that exist as a unit & define a social group at a specific time is referred to as...
none of the above
Social identity
culture
intergroup relations
57
Which of the following are the correct statement about discovery vs direct instruction?
direct = teacher takes lead
discovery = teacher takes the lead
direct = child takes lead
direct = child takes the lead
58
At what age to children generally pass false belief tasks?
2yrs
7rs
10yrs
4yrs
59
In the pre-operational stage(2-7yrs) children... (pick all that apply)
children learn through imitation and play
children have full object permanence
ability to conserve
understand the world symbolically
60
being able to infer the full range of mental states that cause action is known as...
none of above
perspective taking
understanding desires
Theory of Mind
61
What country seems to have the most anxious/ambivalent attached infants?
English
Israel
German
Japan
62
Formation of internal working model = the mental representations about one-self, others & their relationships
True
False
63
Bowlby argued that... (pick all that apply)
we have a motivational system for attachment that develops as 6-12 months
children with secure attachments are more mentally stable in the future
behaviour shows proximity seeking and crying when separated.
children don't get attached
64
66% of children have a secure attachment style
True
False
65
Utilization knowledge = ability to know when to apply certain procedures.
False
True
66
Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences attachment?
financial income of the family
maternal sensitivity (parents ability to respond to the childs needs)
temperament of the child
Parental internal working model
67
2nd order theory of mine os when we attribute beliefs about beliefs. Which of the following are examples of this?
understanding jokes and sarcasm
effective bullying of others
using deception
using correct terminology when referring to others
68
understanding principles that underpin the problem is known as
utilisation knowledge
conceptual knowledge
procedural knowledge
69
when babies get bored of a stimuli, they wont notice the change in stimuli
True
False
70
the number of cardinality is the last number counted
False
True
71
Which of the following occurs first?
Visually based retrieval
Phonological recoding
72
What is the name of the psychologist who is interested in the nature of knowledge?
Vygotsky
none of the above
Skinner
Piaget
73
Phonological writing systems =
letter makes each sound (uses phoneme-grapheme correspondence)
Logographic writing systems
74
94% of American academics rate themselves higher than the average
True
False
75
96% of participants comes from W.E.I.R.D samples
False
True
76
at 14 months (-18m)= can differentiate between intentional vs accidental actions (carpenter et al)
False
True
77
Consideration for research w/ children include...
appropriate finances for the child
suitability of the task
test situation
suitability of the environment
78
Which of the following is NOT a step in conducting research?
ethical approval
gain knowledge of research
recruit participants
converge with other psychologists to find a study partner
79
What problems/challenges exist that are need in solution? is an example of what type of Q?
applied research
Basic research
80
In regard to concreteness fading, what is the order that is believed to be best for childrens learning?
visual, abstract, concrete
visual, concrete, abstract
Concrete, visual, abstract
none of the above
81
Choose all the options that are considered a key feature of testing children
debrief
consent forms for the parent/carer
give a child friendly explanation and use a neutral approach
ensure breaks
82
Segall et al found that US cultures perceived illusions but others did not
True
False
83
In repacholi & Gopnik's food preference study, what age did the child appreciate that others desire different foods?
14 months
2 years
12 months
18 months
84
Bowlby created 4 phases of development
True
False
85
The ability to conserve occurs in which stage?
pre-operational
formal operational
sensorimotor stage
concrete operational
86
Discovery learning = child discovers new concepts through play (child = teacher) -- links to piaget
False
True
87
Which of the following are features of Kung Infancy culture?
hunter-gatherer
Engage in a lot of social contact
Children’s first words = “I” (here have this) and “Na” (give it)
Don’t gather possessions
88
Which of the following are similarities between piaget and vygotsky?
Both constructive processes
recognize social influence
domain general
emphasize the importance of qualitative changes
89
At what age does private speech occur?
6-7yrs
3yrs
10+yrs
2 yrs
90
What is the name of the paradigm that investigates boredom in infants?
preferential looking paradigm
habituation paradigm
91
Vygotsky linked language and thought. What else is important is his theory of learning?
none of the above
schemas
social interaction
culture
92
when babies are aroused their sucking rate increases (this happens when they are shown photos of their mother too)
True
False
93
People all that apply to western culture...
collectivist
philosophy is based on actions occurring in forces
Individualistic
linked to Aristotle philosophy that explains the world by objects
94
Do executive functions seem to predict future math performance ?
Nope
Yes
95
At 18 months = fit their perspectives to yours (crawl to see what you see)
False
True
96
Which of the following are the correct definitions for the W.E.I.R.D population?
working, enabled, industricalised, ranking, demographic
Western, educated, industrialized, rich & demographic
Willing, enabled, interesting, radiant, demographic
well spoken, educated, interesting, rich, dreamy
97
Researchers have a responsibility and this is to...
maximize benefit
minimize harm
minimize benefit
maximize harm
98
When we observe different age groups across the same time, this is known as what type of research?
longitudinal
cross-sectional
99
Literacy is a specialised skill that requires instruction, exposure and practice
False
True
100
What fraction of societies share bed and sleep in a room with their infants?
2/3
3/5
1/3
1/2

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