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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
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Questions
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Answers
1
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
None of the Above
activation-synthesis theory
problem-solving theory
wish fulfillment theory
2
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use the elimination by aspects strategy
use a holistic decision model
are using the representativeness heuristic
are using the availability heuristic
3
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
delta
gamma
beta
alpha
4
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
centration
reversibility
conservation
egocentrism
5
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
food/meat powder
light
tone
salivation
6
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
thalamus
spinal cord
cortex
location of injury
7
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
positron emission tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
computerized tomography
electrographic tomography
8
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
representativeness heuristic
law of small numbers
availability heuristic
conjunction heuristic
9
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
autonomic nerves
afferent nerves
efferent nerves
sympathetic nerves
10
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
agonists
antagonists
action potentials
neurotransmitters
11
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the correlational group
the experimental group
the observational group
the control group
12
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus discrimination
13
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
thalamus
pituitary
gonads
thyroid
14
Anhedonia is when a person...
has trouble getting along with people
has two different psychological disorders
experiences mild manic states
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
15
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
happiness
fear
surprise
sadness
16
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
criterion-related
construct
absolute
content
17
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
overestimating the improbable
the gambler's fallacy
the confirmation bias
the conjunction fallacy
18
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
narcotics
sedatives
alcohol
cannabis
19
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
positive reinforcement
superstitious behavior
observational learning
classical conditioning
20
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
behavior is to motive
attitude is to action
feeling is to thinking
thought is to perception
21
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
social loafing
group polarization
deindividuation
conformity
22
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
logical-mathemathical
spatial
musical
mechanical
23
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
print letters
sing a song
fear the dark
tie shoe laces
24
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
offense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
defense mechanisms
id mechanisms
25
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
were put into a simulated prison
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
26
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
a situational attribution
an internal attribution
an external attribution
a distinctive attribution
27
Framing refers to...
presenting only part of the information required
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting irrelevant information
28
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
drive theory
incentive theory
instinct theory
evolutionary theory
29
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
cognitive
psychoanalytic
humanistic
behavioral
30
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
anterograde amnesia
31
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
constancy
similiarity
closure
symmetry
32
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
halo effect in aggression
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
basis for performing pro-social behavior
33
An antagonist...
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
34
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
genetic influences on IQ
changes in testing procedures
a variety of environmental factors
group differences in basic intelligence
35
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
lesioning
tumor ligation
stereotaxic inversion
ESB
36
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
intelligence
reasoning
creativity
insight
37
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a self-serving attribution
a heuristic observation
a contravened stereotype
38
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
the conscious
irrational thoughts
the unconscious
maladaptive behaviors
39
The superego is Freud's term for...
the conscious aspect of personality
the moral component of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the biological impulses that drive behavior
40
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
parental investments
social scripts
display rules
investment differentiations
41
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
retrieved
ablated
encoded
modeled
42
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the brain
the unconscious
conscious experience
behavior
43
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
physiological recordings
psychological tests
direct observation
questionnaires
44
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
predictive validity
criterion-related validity
content validity
standardized validity
45
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
step-wise conditioning
stimulus discrimination
shaping
selection
46
A perceptual set implies that...
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
people often see what they expect to see
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
47
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
IQ
mental age
a percentile score
a potential score
48
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
bipolar disorder
conversion disorder
fugue
panic disorder
49
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
give cookie
cookie
I eated a cookie
i wanted a cookie
50
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mode
midpoint
mean
median
51
According to the medical model...
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
52
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test norms
test levels
test scores
test scales
53
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time awake
amount of time alseep
cultural practices
exposure to light
54
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
pineal gland
corpus callosum
thalamus
parietal lobe
55
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
reinforcement
observational learning
56
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
medulla
hypothalamus
prefrontal cortex
occipital cortex
57
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-interval schedule
variable-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
58
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
endocrine system
reticular formation
limbic system
leftbrain/right brain communication
59
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
collectivism
attributionism
functionalism
individualism
60
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
insomnia
narcolepsy
pseudoinsomnia
sleep apnea
61
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
vitreous humor
lens
iris
cornea
62
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
attention
sensation
perception
processing
63
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
concrete
conventional
postconventional
preconventional
64
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
latency
oral
anal
genital
65
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Rene Decartes
William James
G. Stanley Hall
Wilhelm Wundt
66
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
resistance to pain
hallucinations
total loss of personal control
reduction of inhibitions
67
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
dissociative
unipolar
bipolar
cyclical
68
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
episodic memories
flashbulb memories
non-declarative memories
sensory memories
69
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender roles
gender behaviors
gender stereotypes
gender differences
70
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
olfactory cilia
sciatic receptors
gustatory bulbs
smell buds
71
The function of sensory memory is to...
put information into long-term memory
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold information for a lifetime
72
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
morphemic
mnemonic
phonemic
platonic
73
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
frustration
change
pressure
conflict
74
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
compensation
fixation
regression
displacement
75
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
formal operations
development of secondary sex characteristics
post-conventional moral reasoning
76
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
cerebellum
limbic system
reticular formation
brainstem
77
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
cognitive dissonance
groupthink
conformity
obedience
78
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
stereotypes
self-serving bias
prejudices
attributions
79
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a compulsion
an obsession
a phobia
a delusion
80
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
longitundinal
time of testing
sequential
cross-sectional
81
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
marital problems
anxiety disorders
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
82
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
fast-mapping
overextension
semantic slanting
metalinguistic awareness
83
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
trust vs. mistrust
industry vs. inferiority
initiative vs. guilt
84
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
absolute threshold
just noticeable difference
sensory memory
subliminal threshold
85
What is cognitive dissonance?
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
86
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 1
stage 4
REM
stage 2
87
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
systematic hypothesis testing
physical interaction
abstract operations
logical reasoning
88
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
loudness
timbre
decibels
pitch
89
A valid test is one that...
is reliable
has been standardized but not normed
measures what it is supposed to measure
is consistent
90
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete storage failure
partial retrieval
partial storage
complete retrieval failure
91
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
systematic desensitization
psychotherapy
avoidance therapy
aversion therapy
92
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
93
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
loud noise
fear reaction
rabbit
rat
94
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
oval window
cochlea
temporal lobe
stirrup
95
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
moving a part of his body
smelling an odor
seeing a flash of light
hearing a sound
96
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a projective test
a self-report inventory
a behavior rating
a deceptive test
97
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Cannon's area
Sperry's area
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
98
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological stability
physiological instability
psychological stability
psychological instability
99
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
corpus callosum
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
medulla
100
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
bottom-to-top processing
top-down processing
lateral processing
bottom-up processing
101
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
standard deviation
means
percentiles
correlation coefficients
102
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
tree-bird
boat-goat
fill-feed
car-nose
103
What is somnambulism?
sleep-walking
sleep-talking
difficulty remaining asleep
difficulty breathing when asleep
104
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
sensory
short-term
intermediate-term
long-term
105
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
phonemes
syntax
linguistic heuristics
morphemes
106
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
illusions
hallucinations
delusions
obsessions
107
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he always gets in fights
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he's just like his father
108
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
state-dependent learning
observational learning
109
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
sensation
hypnosis
consciousness
perception
110
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a developmental psychologist
a social psychologist
a forensic psychologist
a clinical psychologist
111
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
fluid
procedural
crystallized
episodic
112
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
endorphin
acetylcholine
serotonin
dopamine
113
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction capacity
transduction incapacity
the relative threshold period
the absolute refractory period
114
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
a headache
been dreaming
not been dreaming
not really been asleep
115
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the cephalopedal trend
the cephalocaudal trend
encephalitis
the proximodistal trend
116
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
the internal state causes the facial expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
117
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the principle of collectivism
the law of cognitive dissonance
the reciprocity norm
display rules
118
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
social charm
aggressiveness
manipulative behavior
excessive guilt
119
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
120
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recognition
recall
relearning
reiteration
121
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
consistency
representativeness
predictability
accuracy of inference
122
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
schizophrenic
mood
personality
anxiety
123
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
behavioral quality
personality
temperament
attachment
124
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the semantic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
attention encoding
125
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
teratogens
prenatals
opiates
pathogens
126
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in neuroticism
low in extraversion
low in openness
high in agreeableness
127
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
unrealistic demands from family/friends
128
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
crowded living conditions
job discrimination experienced by the residents
poor police protection
the personal qualities of the residents
129
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring dissent from group members
130
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
insight learning
latent learning
131
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
behaviorism
neodynamism
functionalism
psychoanalysis
132
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
memory
the endocrine system
feeding
the autonomic nervous system
133
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous sleep
become aggressive
remain in continuous wakefulness
134
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
color
saturation
light purity
brightness
135
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
schematizing
cognitive structuring
cultural direction
stereotypes
136
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-approach conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
137
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
138
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
subliminal perception
a just noticeable difference
a superimposed stimulus
a false alarm
139
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
script
semantic network
chunk
schema
140
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a hallucinogen
a sedative
an amphetamine
a narcotic
141
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
sebaceous gland
thyroid gland
pancreas
pituitary gland
142
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
operant conditioning
observational learning
punishment
classical conditioning
143
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
marijuana
heroin
mescaline
cocaine
144
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
an unconditioned response
positive reinforcement
escape learning
avoidance learning
145
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
secure-avoidant
shared inhibition
attachment probing
strange situation
146
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
unconditioning
conditioned forgetting
spontaneous remission
extinction
147
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
intelligence; standardized
personality; standardized
intelligence; personality
standardized; intelligence
148
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
repression
suppression
avoidance
neurogenic amnesia
149
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an intelligence test
an achievement test
an aptitude test
a personality test
150
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
mentalism
intelligence
cognition
introspection
