What distinguishes a well-designed software service from other software components?

It has a well-documented interface and no side effects

What is the relationship between software architecture and system quality attributes?

Architecture decisions directly impact qualities like performance

Which statement reflects a core value from the Agile Manifesto?

Working software over comprehensive documentation

In system decomposition "separation of concerns" most directly improves:

Maintainability and the ability to evolve the system

How does REST leverage existing web infrastructure compared to other API approaches?

By using HTTP methods and status codes for operations and responses

How does "domain experience"(de) differ from "customer experience" (ce) in developing product vision?

DE = industry knowledge| CE = direct user input

What does refactoring improve?

Code structure without changing external behavior

What is a key benefit of continuous integration?

Identifying problems early when they're easier to fix

What makes an API "RESTful"?

It follows principles like using HTTP verbs and stateless services

What is a product roadmap primarily used for?

Creating a plan for development release and marketing

Which format is typically used for user stories?

As a [user] I want [goal] so that [reason]

What is a key characteristic of incremental development?

Software is developed and delivered in small functional pieces

How does data protection differ for "data in transit" versus "data at rest"?

DIT needs encryption of communication | DAR needs storage encryption

When choosing database technologies for web-based systems what is the most important consideration?

Matching data structure and access patterns to appropriate database types

When managing a product backlog which approach is most consistent with agile principles?

Continuously refining and reprioritizing based on new information

What is the primary purpose of continuous integration?

Integrating code changes frequently and running automated tests

In Test-Driven Development what happens after a test initially passes?

The code is refactored while ensuring the test continues to pass

What challenge is most unique to service-based software products?

Ensuring service availability and managing downtime

When would asynchronous communication between microservices be preferable to synchronous communication?

When operations can continue without waiting for an immediate response

Which technique combines personas with narrative descriptions to evaluate design effectiveness?

Scenario-based design evaluation

Which architectural quality is most uniquely improved by microservices compared to monoliths?

Independent scalability of individual components

What is the key difference between software products and custom software?

Software products serve a broad range of customers

Which format is commonly used for vision statements?

FOR (target) WHO (need) OUR PRODUCT (solution) THAT (benefit)

Which principle is most important when decomposing a system into components?

Components should have high cohesion and low coupling

How do effective product features differ from software functions or capabilities?

Features directly address user needs while functions often are technical

A well-crafted product vision statement is best characterized as:

A concise guide for decision-making that aligns the team

Which factor most significantly affects the deployment strategy for a hybrid software product?

The balance between local and remote processing requirements

The "small releases" practice in Extreme Programming primarily addresses which risk in software development?

Building features that don't meet actual user needs

Why is time-to-market especially critical for software products?

Competitors may capture the market with earlier releases

Which practice best complements Test-Driven Development to improve code quality?

Regular refactoring guided by test results

What is the first step in Test-Driven Development (TDD)?

Write a test that defines expected behavior

How does avoiding functional duplication across components benefit a system?

It reduces inconsistencies and simplifies maintenance

User stories should be:

Small enough to be implementable in a single iteration

What key advantage does JSON provide in modern web development that XML doesn't?

Direct parsing to JavaScript objects without additional transformation

What approach to security education provides the most practical skill development?

Analyzing and mitigating real vulnerabilities in controlled environments

In RESTful design what is the purpose of the GET method?

Retrieves resource data without modification

When is creating a high-fidelity prototype most valuable in the development process?

When validating complex user interactions before full development

What distinguishes refactoring from other types of code changes?

It improves internal structure without changing external behavior

What is the most effective approach to learning different architectural patterns?

Applying patterns to solve different problems and comparing the results

What technical debt is most commonly introduced in prototype development?

Simplified error handling and security implementations

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Software Engineering Final Review

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Questions 60

Answers

1
What distinguishes a well-designed software service from other software components?
It is always deployed on a separate server
It always stores its own data
It is always developed in a different programming language
It has a well-documented interface and no side effects
2
What is the relationship between software architecture and system quality attributes?
Architecture decisions directly impact qualities like performance
Architecture only impacts development time not the final product qualities
Architecture only affects code organization not system qualities
System qualities are determined only by implementation details
3
Which statement reflects a core value from the Agile Manifesto?
Following plans over responding to change
Contract negotiation over customer collaboration
Processes and tools over individuals and interactions
Working software over comprehensive documentation
4
In system decomposition "separation of concerns" most directly improves:
Only the user interface design
Only the system's performance
Maintainability and the ability to evolve the system
Only the development speed
5
How does REST leverage existing web infrastructure compared to other API approaches?
By requiring specialized servers and protocols
By always using XML for data transfer
By using HTTP methods and status codes for operations and responses
By requiring custom client libraries for each API
6
How does "domain experience"(de) differ from "customer experience" (ce) in developing product vision?
Domain experience is only relevant for technical products
CE only matters for consumer products not enterprise software
Domain experience is theoretical while customer experience is practical
DE = industry knowledge| CE = direct user input
7
What does refactoring improve?
Feature set and user experience
System performance by adding optimization code
Code structure without changing external behavior
Team communication and collaboration
8
What is a key benefit of continuous integration?
Eliminating the need for code reviews
Identifying problems early when they're easier to fix
Replacing the need for deployment planning
Automating all testing activities
9
What are the two main approaches to service coordination in microservices?
Synchronization and parallelization
Centralization and distribution
Orchestration and choreography
Connection and separation
10
What makes an API "RESTful"?
It always returns XML data
It requires authentication for all endpoints
It follows principles like using HTTP verbs and stateless services
It only uses the GET method
11
What is a product roadmap primarily used for?
Creating a plan for development release and marketing
Tracking individual developer tasks
Documenting technical architecture
Calculating return on investment
12
Which format is typically used for user stories?
As a [user] I want [goal] so that [reason]
If [condition] then [result]
Given [context] when [action] then [outcome]
The system shall [requirement]
13
What is a key characteristic of incremental development?
All requirements must be specified upfront
Software is developed and delivered in small functional pieces
Testing is performed only after all development is complete
Changes are discouraged once development begins
14
How does data protection differ for "data in transit" versus "data at rest"?
Only data in transit needs encryption
They require identical protection approaches
Only data at rest needs encryption
DIT needs encryption of communication | DAR needs storage encryption
15
When choosing database technologies for web-based systems what is the most important consideration?
Matching data structure and access patterns to appropriate database types
Selecting the database with the lowest licensing cost
Always using the newest database technology available
Always choosing the same database type used in previous projects
16
When managing a product backlog which approach is most consistent with agile principles?
Documenting every possible feature users might want
Freezing requirements once development begins
Continuously refining and reprioritizing based on new information
Including only features that can be completed in the current release
17
What is the primary purpose of continuous integration?
Continuously updating project documentation
Integrating hardware and software components
Delivering the product continuously to customers
Integrating code changes frequently and running automated tests
18
In Test-Driven Development what happens after a test initially passes?
The code is optimized for maximum performance
The test is deleted since it's no longer needed
Development moves immediately to the next feature
The code is refactored while ensuring the test continues to pass
19
What challenge is most unique to service-based software products?
Ensuring service availability and managing downtime
Installing the software on customer devices
Reducing the installation package size
Packaging the application for different operating systems
20
When would asynchronous communication between microservices be preferable to synchronous communication?
When minimizing the total number of messages is the priority
When absolute consistency is required at all times
When services are deployed on the same server
When operations can continue without waiting for an immediate response
21
Which technique combines personas with narrative descriptions to evaluate design effectiveness?
Performance benchmarking
Scenario-based design evaluation
A/B testing
Heuristic evaluation
22
Which architectural quality is most uniquely improved by microservices compared to monoliths?
Overall system security
Independent scalability of individual components
Development speed for initial releases
Code clarity and readability
23
What is the key difference between software products and custom software?
Software products serve a broad range of customers
Software products are always easier to use
Custom software is tailored to specific clients
Custom software requires less testing
24
Which format is commonly used for vision statements?
FEATURES ADVANTAGES BENEFITS COST
WHAT we build HOW we build it WHEN we deliver
PROBLEM SOLUTION MARKET COMPETITION
FOR (target) WHO (need) OUR PRODUCT (solution) THAT (benefit)
25
Which attack involves stealing session cookies to impersonate legitimate users?
Session hijacking
Cross-site scripting
SQL poisoning
Buffer overflow
26
Which principle is most important when decomposing a system into components?
Each component should be developed by a different team member
Components should have high cohesion and low coupling
All components should be of similar size and complexity
Components should always be organized by technology over functionality
27
How do effective product features differ from software functions or capabilities?
Features are large complex elements while functions are simple components
Features are always visible in the UI while functions are always hidden
Features are by developers while functions are specified by users
Features directly address user needs while functions often are technical
28
Which HTTP method is typically used for creating a new resource in a RESTful API?
DELETE
PUT
GET
POST
29
A well-crafted product vision statement is best characterized as:
A detailed technical specification document
A concise guide for decision-making that aligns the team
A marketing document primarily for stakeholders
A comprehensive list of all planned features
30
Which is a common architectural pattern that divides software into UI application logic and data layers?
Event-driven architecture
Peer-to-peer architecture
Layered architecture
Microservices architecture
31
Which factor most significantly affects the deployment strategy for a hybrid software product?
The balance between local and remote processing requirements
The programming language used
The age of the target audience
The number of developers on the team
32
The "small releases" practice in Extreme Programming primarily addresses which risk in software development?
Losing team members during the project
Building features that don't meet actual user needs
Technology becoming obsolete during development
Running out of development budget
33
Who typically serves as the bridge between business needs technology constraints and customer experience?
Product manager
Business analyst
Software developer
Project manager
34
Which execution model performs most computation on remote servers?
Hybrid products
Local-compute products
Stand-alone products
Service-based products
35
Why is time-to-market especially critical for software products?
Development costs increase exponentially over time
Product quality degrades with longer development
Regulatory requirements become stricter over time
Competitors may capture the market with earlier releases
36
Which practice best complements Test-Driven Development to improve code quality?
Postponing integration until all features are complete
Minimal documentation to save time
Reduced code reviews since tests ensure quality
Regular refactoring guided by test results
37
For software products development costs are typically:
Focused on specialized hardware
Limited to initial development only
Higher per customer than custom software
Spread across many customers
38
What is the first step in Test-Driven Development (TDD)?
Refactor existing code
Write a test that defines expected behavior
Write code to implement a feature
Deploy the application
39
How does avoiding functional duplication across components benefit a system?
It always improves system performance
It prevents the need for future refactoring
It reduces inconsistencies and simplifies maintenance
It eliminates the need for documentation
40
User stories should be:
Focused on implementation details
Small enough to be implementable in a single iteration
Comprehensive enough to cover multiple features
Written in technical language
41
Which encryption type uses the same key for encryption and decryption?
Tokenization
Asymmetric encryption
Hashing
Symmetric encryption
42
What key advantage does JSON provide in modern web development that XML doesn't?
Better security and encryption capabilities
Smaller file sizes for all types of data
Better support for complex document structures
Direct parsing to JavaScript objects without additional transformation
43
What is the purpose of Transport Layer Security (TLS)?
Protects against SQL injection
Secures HTTPS communications
Manages user permissions
Filters network traffic
44
Which resource can help expand knowledge about current software engineering practices?
Industry blogs and podcasts
Only academic textbooks
Only formal certifications
Only internal company documentation
45
What approach to security education provides the most practical skill development?
Implementing the same security measures for all systems
Studying only theoretical attack vectors
Focusing exclusively on one type of security threat
Analyzing and mitigating real vulnerabilities in controlled environments
46
In RESTful design what is the purpose of the GET method?
Deletes resources
Creates new resources
Updates existing resources
Retrieves resource data without modification
47
When is creating a high-fidelity prototype most valuable in the development process?
After the product has been fully developed
Only when working with inexperienced development teams
When replacing the need for a minimum viable product
When validating complex user interactions before full development
48
What distinguishes refactoring from other types of code changes?
It improves internal structure without changing external behavior
It always improves performance
It fixes bugs in the application logic
It adds new features to the codebase
49
What is the most effective approach to learning different architectural patterns?
Memorizing the components of each pattern
Focusing only on the theoretical advantages of each pattern
Selecting one pattern and using it for all projects
Applying patterns to solve different problems and comparing the results
50
What type of attack occurs when malicious users input code through legitimate input fields?
Injection attack
Brute force attack
Man-in-the-middle attack
Denial of service attack
51
What technical debt is most commonly introduced in prototype development?
Simplified error handling and security implementations
Using older better-understood technologies
Overly complex architecture
Excessive documentation
52
Which characteristic best defines microservices?
Small-scale stateless services with single responsibilities
Services that always share databases
Large comprehensive services that handle multiple responsibilities
Services that must be deployed together
53
What is the difference between authentication and authorization?
Authentication is automatic authorization requires user input
Authentication verifies identity authorization controls resource access
Authentication is for admins authorization is for regular users
Authentication grants permissions authorization verifies identity
54
In software product development which learning approach typically leads to the most innovative solutions?
Deep specialization in a single technology
Avoiding exposure to competing products
Following established patterns without deviation
Cross-disciplinary knowledge from various domains and technologies
55
In RESTful design when would PATCH be more appropriate than PUT?
When updating only specific fields of a resource
When deleting resources
When creating new resources
When security is the primary concern
56
What makes user personas more valuable than simple user demographics?
They are easier to create and require less research
They eliminate the need for actual user testing
They focus exclusively on technical expertise levels
They include motivations goals and behaviors that inform design decisions
57
How do concept maps enhance understanding of software engineering concepts compared to simple note-taking?
They show relationships between concepts revealing the knowledge structure
They focus only on terminology rather than conceptual understanding
They require less effort to create
They eliminate the need to understand theoretical foundations
58
What is a key principle in effective microservice design?
Sharing databases between services
High cohesion and low coupling
Centralizing business logic
Maximizing dependencies between services
59
How do scenarios differ from use cases in user-centered design?
Scenarios are only for advanced users while use cases are for beginners
Scenarios are created by users while use cases are created by developers
Scenarios are narratives and contextual while use cases are structured
Scenarios focus on error conditions while use cases focus on success
60
What is the final step in a continuous deployment pipeline?
Manual testing of the application
Creating documentation
Notifying users of changes
Automatically deploying validated changes

Software Engineering Final Review Flashcards | StudBud