Quantitative Methods in Psychology Exam2

Question 1

Using the .01 level of significance instead of .05 decreases the chance of making a(n) ________

Accepted Answer

Type I error

Question 2

________ is a way of saying in symbols that a research result is significant at the .05 level

Accepted Answer

p < .05

Question 3

Posting a sign-up sheet for anyone willing to participate

Accepted Answer

haphazard selection

Question 4

If you want to know something about a population, results would be MOST accurate if you study

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entire population

Question 5

Setting the significance level cutoff at .10 instead of .05 increases the likelihood of

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a Type I error

Question 6

In hypothesis testing, when we obtain a particular sample mean from a study, we compare it to

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the distribution of means under the null hypothesis

Question 7

To change a proportion into a percent

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multiply by 100

Question 8

Setting the significance level at a very extreme cutoff (such as .001) increases the chances of

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a Type II error

Question 9

The cutoff sample score is also known as the

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critical value

Question 10

The cutoff Z score on the comparison distribution is 1.64 and the sample value's Zscore is 1.32

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the null hypothesis cannot be rejected

Question 11

What statistics procedure is used to combine results of many studies for an average effect size

Accepted Answer

meta-analysis

Question 12

Why can a researcher not say that the results PROVE that the research hypothesis is true?

Accepted Answer

Because the results are based on probabilities

Question 13

A one-tailed test is especially associated with

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a directional hypothesis

Question 14

The 1% and 5% levels are the ________ levels of significance in social science research

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Conventional, Most commonly used

Question 15

A(n) _________ occurs when you fail to reject the null hypothesis when in fact it is false

Accepted Answer

Type II error

Question 16

With samples of 30 or more individuals, the approximation of the distribution of means will be

Accepted Answer

a normal curve

Question 17

We test if a new teaching method is better than the old. What is the RESEARCH hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The new teaching method is better than the old method.

Question 18

What 3 characteristics of a comparison distribution are needed for hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

mean, spread, and shape

Question 19

What represents the situation in which the null hypothesis is true?

Accepted Answer

the comparison distribution

Question 20

Research hypothesis that doesn't predict a direction of difference between populations is

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Nondirectional

Question 21

Relative frequency is:

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# of times a thing occurs relative to # it could've occurred

Question 22

Rejecting the null hypothesis when in fact it is true is a(n) __________

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Type I Error

Question 23

Another name for the research hypothesis is the

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alternative hypothesis

Question 24

The ____ of a study is the probability that it will produce a statistically significant result

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statistical power

Question 25

Difference between creating a Zscore from a single score and creating one from a sample mean is

Accepted Answer

use the mean & standard deviation from distribution of means

Question 26

The hypothesis that the new program works better than the old program is called

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research hypothesis

Question 27

In hypothesis testing, if the null hypothesis is rejected, this is taken as support for the

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Research hypothesis

Question 28

The fact that probabilities are proportions means that they

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can’t be lower than zero or more than one

Question 29

We test whether people work faster in the morning or evening. What is the NULL hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

There is no difference in speed between morning and evening

Question 30

Failing to reject the null hypothesis when the research hypothesis is true is referred to as

Accepted Answer

a Type II error

Question 31

What are the generally accepted cutoff points in hypothesis testing in psychology?

Accepted Answer

.01 and .05

Question 32

A Type I error occurs when you obtain a statistically significant result when in fact ________

Accepted Answer

the research hypothesis is false, the null hypothesis is true

Question 33

There is a special complication when using a two-tailed test. The researcher must:

Accepted Answer

divide up the significance percentage between the two tails

Question 34

p < .05 means that there is less than a 5% chance of making a(n) _____

Accepted Answer

Type I error

Question 35

Putting names in a box and having a blindfolded person select as many people as you need is

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random selection

Question 36

The _____________ explains why many distributions tend to be close to normal in the real world.

Accepted Answer

central limit theorem

Question 37

The cutoff is the most extreme 5% of the comparison distribution, then 5% is called

Accepted Answer

Significance level, Alpha level

Question 38

________is a procedure for deciding whether the outcome of a study supports a particular theory

Accepted Answer

Hypothesis testing

Question 39

3 candies in a box are tested for taste within that box. What is the population?

Accepted Answer

All candies in the box

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about effect size of a study finding

Accepted Answer

It provides much information about statistical significance

Question 41

(Population 1M - Population 2M)/Population SD is a formula for figuring

Accepted Answer

effect size

Question 42

In hypothesis testing, a statement about the predicted relation between populations is called

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Research hypothesis

Question 43

Logic of hypothesis testing involves the probability of getting a particular result IF

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the null hypothesis is true

Question 44

Researchers try to avoid making a ______ because it could mean failing to use a useful theory

Accepted Answer

Type II error

Question 45

Which is a standard way for the significance level of a hypothesis test to be reported

Accepted Answer

all of the above are standard and can be used

Question 46

With significance levels, protecting against one error decreases the chance of making the other

Accepted Answer

False

Question 47

When testing a directional hypothesis, you use a(n) ________ test

Accepted Answer

One-tailed

Question 48

The significance level is the same as the chance of making a(n) ________

Accepted Answer

Type I error

Question 49

If the cutoff Z score on the comparison distribution is ±2.31, you can reject the null

Accepted Answer

the sample's Z score is 2.83

Question 50

How would you test the hypothesis that a new program works under NHST

Accepted Answer

Try to disprove the hypothesis that it does not work

Question 51

A 99% confidence interval for a mean is the region

Accepted Answer

that you are 99% confident includes the true population mean

Question 52

Effect size (when comparing two means) is a measure of

Accepted Answer

the extent to which two populations do not overlap

Question 53

You grab a handful of m&m's from a bowl. In statistical language, the handful of m&m's is

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sample

Question 54

If the significance level cutoff is 15%, you would have a 15% chance of making a

Accepted Answer

Type I error

Question 55

A result is considered statistically significant when a sample value is so extreme that

Accepted Answer

the null hypothesis is rejected

Question 56

It is useful to understand statistical power for which of the following reasons?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 57

A Type I error is the result of

Accepted Answer

incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis

Question 58

If the null hypothesis is rejected, the researcher can conclude that the results

Accepted Answer

support the research hypothesis

Question 59

Using a computer program to generate a random list of names

Accepted Answer

random selection

Question 60

The hypothesis that there is no difference between the new method and the old method is

Accepted Answer

null hypothesis

Question 61

Looking at a graph of a normal distribution, which of the following would best describe it?

Accepted Answer

Unimodal, roughly symmetrical, and bell-shaped

Question 62

Which of the following statements is most accurate about hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

Central theme in statistical analysis of all social science

Question 63

Dividing the variance of the population of people by the number of people in each sample

Accepted Answer

the variance of the distribution of means

Question 64

A statistical method for combining effect sizes from different studies is known as

Accepted Answer

meta-analysis

Quantitative Methods in Psychology Exam2

Questions 66

Quantitative Methods in Psychology Exam2

Questions 66