Chem lec ch 7 & 6 (exam 2)

The total number of each type of atom must be the same on each side of a chemical equation. Has to be balanced

Aqueous reactions that form a gas upon mixing two solutions

The transformation of one or more substances into different substances.

solutes that do not dissociate (covalent compounds)

___ “to form” or “to produce.” Similar to an equal sign

the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.

Electrolyte

representation of a chemical change called a chemical reaction = reorganization of atoms in one or more substances

Show all aqueous reactants & products in as dissociated ions & describes solids, liquids, & gases using complete formula

Basically leave one out. A +BC → AC + B. Ex: Zn + CuCI2 → ZnCI2 + Cu

Producing gas in the product. Having CO2, O2, and water. __ + O2 → CO2 + H2O. Ex: C8H8 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

The reaction of H+ and OH– is often called an acid–base reaction, where H+ is the acidic ion and OH– is the basic ion.

Taking the larger and decomposing (breaking) it into smaller pieces. AB → A+B. Ex: HgO → Hg + O2

Non-Electrolyte

two common ways of describing the composition of a compound:

polarity of water allows it to dissolve other polar molecules and ionic substances through ___

the mass of one mole of a substance, and is found by adding the atomic masses of all of the atoms in the molecule

the exact formula of a molecule, giving the types of atoms and the number of each type

___ conserved in a chemical reaction

Uneven sharing of e- leads to Oxygen atom having a partial - charge and hydrogen atoms having partial + charge

reaction of a strong acid and a strong base, one product is always water of salt

show all of the reactants and products using their complete chemical formulas

Describe dissolve in water: Dissociate when they dissolve in water

the number equal to the number of atoms in exactly 12 g of pure 12C.

an acid reacts with a base and the two neutralize each other, producing a salt and water

Some clues that a chemical reaction has occured

What are physical states?

substance dissolved in water

A precipitate can be predicted and/or identified using __

Describe soluble in water: Polar molecules surround the cations and anions as they separate from crystalline solid

the reactant that contains the substance being oxidized

Formation of a solid

The common strong acids are aqueous solutions of ___

Two types of compounds soluble in water

Classifying Chemical Reactions

Elements and molecules on the left of the arrow ____

Rmr solubility rule

What is the term for phase of solution for these substances dissolved in water

Elements and molecules on the right of the arrow ___

Combining two smaller things into larger. A+B →AB Ex: C + 02 - CO2

Uneven charge distribution; intact w/ uneven charge distribution of H2O molecules as two polar molec surrounded by water

The 5 chemistry reactions

molecule in which the symbols for the elements are used to indicate the types of atoms present & subscripts # of atoms

Brønsted–Lowry Acid and Base Definitions

the reactant that contains the element being reduced.

__reaction, when 2 aqueous solutions (containing soluble solutes) are mixed, an insoluble (solid) product called __

•OIL – Oxidation Is Loss (of electrons) •RIG – Reduction Is Gain (of electrons)

A strong base is a metal hydroxide compound that is very soluble in water.

Arrhenius Acid and Base Definitions

Remember equation

strong acid is substance that completely dissociates(ionizes)in water.Each molecule breaks up into an H+ ion plus anion

Transfer of electrons

•LEO – Loss of Electrons is Oxidation •GER – Gain of Electrons is Reduction

The reactants mix together. AB + CD → AD + CB. Ex: AgNO3 + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO3

Solutes that dissociate (ionic compounds and acids)

omits spectator ions, showing only the ions involved in the reaction and the solid product.

Describe dissolve in water: stay intact when they dissolve in water; tehy do not dissociate

_written left of substance in chem equation, tells how many molecules/formula unit are needed in reaction to be balanced

When ionic substances dissolve in water, they break apart into their individual hydrated ions in a process

Two definitions of acid and base

Formation of water

Changes in the oxidation states of two elements occur when electrons move from one element to another