The electrons of an atom

orbit the nucleus in various energy levels

How do phospholipids interact with water molecules?

The polar heads interact with water; the nonpolar tails do not

One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to

function in the synthesis of proteins

Atoms that have gained energy

have electrons that move to higher energy levels

Scientists usually design experimnets

with a good idea of the outcome

The tertiary structure of a protein is the

unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide

Which of the following statements best summarizes the differences between DNA and RNA?

DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides

Sharing of electrons between atoms of two or more elements

results in the formation of a molecule

The molecule illustrated in the accompanying figure

will be liquid at room temperature

Saturated fatty acids

are the principal molecules in lard and butter

Placing a plant into a hypertonic environment will

cause osmotic pressure to decrease

The word theory used in scientific sense means

a highly tested, generally accepted principle

may be revised as new evidence is presented

A water molecule is polar because its hydrogen and oxygen

do not share the electrons equally

Atoms become more stable when they form compounds because

their outer orbitals become filled when they form compounds

Which of the following is the best explanation for why vegetable oil is a liquid at room temp

oil has more double bonds than animal fats

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

Dehydration assembles polymers; hydrolysis break polymers

Typically, the order in which the steps of the scientific method are applied is

observations;hypothesis, predictions;controlled testing;verification;theory

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Biology Midterm Part I

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Answers

1
The electrons of an atom
are found in the nucleus along with the protons
are attracted to the positive charge of neutrons
have a positive charge
orbit the nucleus in various energy levels
2
If Xenon has an atomic number of 54 and a mass number of 108, how many neutrons does it have?
54
27
100
108
3
How do phospholipids interact with water molecules?
They don't interact w/ water because water is polar and lipids are nonpolar
The polar heads interact with water; the nonpolar tails do not
Phospholipids dissolve in water
The polar heads avoid water; the nonpolar tails attract water
4
One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to
transmit genetic information to offspring
act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA
function in the synthesis of proteins
make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity
5
Which of the following states of matter contain(s) particles that are tightly linked together in a shape?
gas
solid
liquid
solid + liquid
6
If one strand of a DNA molecule pyrimidine has the sequence of bases ATTGCA, the other strand would have the sequence
TAACGT
UAACGU
TGCAAT
UGCAAU
7
Atoms that have gained energy
have protons and neutrons that move farther apart
absorb electrons into the nucleus
lose neutrons from the nucleus
have electrons that move to higher energy levels
8
The molecule shown in the accompanying figure is
a pentose
fructose
maltose
a hexose
9
Scientists usually design experimnets
with a good idea of the outcome
all of the above
in order to develop new laboratory tools based on wild guesses
based on wild guesses
10
A glycosidic linkage is analogous to which of the following in proteins?
an amino group
a disulfide bond
a peptide bond
a B-pleated sheet
11
The domain to which ancient bacteria belongs to is
Bacteria
Protista
Eukarya
Archae
12
The tertiary structure of a protein is the
unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide
protein structure from the aggregation of two or more polypeptide subunits
organization of a polypeptide chain into an a-helix or B-pleated sheet
order in which amino acids are joined in a polypeptide chain
13
Refer to the illustration above. Molecules like molecule 2 are found ina
proteins
lipids
carbs
nucleic acids
14
"Fitting in" can improve an individual's ability to survive and reproduce successfully. This is called...
all of the above
dominant traits
adaptations
recessive traits
15
You disrupt all hydrogen bonds in a protein. What level of structure will be preserved?
tertiary structure
primary structure
secondary structure
quaternary structure
16
Which of the following statements best summarizes the differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA contains the base uracil, whereas RNA contains the base thymine
DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides
The bases in DNA contain sugar, but the bases in RNA do not contain sugar
DNA encodes hereditary information, whereas RNA does not
17
Sharing of electrons between atoms of two or more elements
results in destabilization of the atoms involved
results in the formation of a molecule
results in the formation of an ion
results in the formation of a compound
18
A diet high in saturated fats can lead to a type of heart disease known as
none
atherosclerosis
ventricular fibrulation
heart murmur
19
Which type of bond represents a weak chemical bond?
ionic bond
non polar covalent bond
hydrogen bond
covalent bond
20
If R groups are on the same side of a double bond, they are referred to as
as cis isomers
structural isomers
enantiomers
trans isomers
21
The molecule illustrated in the accompanying figure
is a carbohydrate
is a saturated fatty acid
stores genetic information
will be liquid at room temperature
22
Nucleic acids include
lipids and sugars
chlorophyll and retinal
DNA and RNA
glucose and glycogen
23
Saturated fatty acids
are usually liquid at room temperature
are usually produced by plants
have double bonds between carbon atoms of the fatty acids
are the principal molecules in lard and butter
24
Which of the following includes all of the pyrimidines found in RNA and DNA?
cytosine, uracil, and thymine
cytosine, uracil, and guanine
a cytosine and uracil
cytosine and thymine
25
Atoms are composed of
All of the above
neutrons with no charge.
electrons with a negative
protons with a positive charge.
26
A solution with a pH of 11 is
acidic
neutral
buffer
alkaline
27
The smallest particle of carbon that can retain the chemical properties of carbon is
carbon molecule
a carbon atom
carbon macromolecule
the nucleus of a carbon atom
28
Placing a plant into a hypertonic environment will
cause the plant to take in water
cause osmotic pressure to decrease
cause osmotic pressure to increase
have no effect
29
Living things...
need energy for life processes
all of the above
have the ability to reproduce
are composed of cells
30
Animals store glucose in the form of
cellulose
glycogen
lipids
wax
31
What component of amino acid structure varies among different amino acids?
the long carbon-hydrogen tails of the molecule
the components of the R-group
the presence of a central C atom
the glycerol molecule that forms the backbone of the amino acid
32
The word theory used in scientific sense means
an absolute scientific certainty
a guess made w/ very little knowledge to support it
none of the above
a highly tested, generally accepted principle
33
A scientific theory
is a controlled experiment
is unchangeable
may be revised as new evidence is presented
is absolutely certain
34
Which of the following is not a functional group that can bond with carbon?
amino
sodium
hydroxyl
ethyl
35
Nucleic acids are polymers made up of which of the following monomers?
sugars
nitrogenous bases
amino acids
nucleotides
36
We call a molecule that binds up excess hydrogen ions in a solution a(n)
isotope
acid
base
salt
37
All of the following are examples of lipids except
cholesterol
saturated fats
earwax
starch
38
Which of the following components of a scientific investigation would benefit from communication between scientists?
observing
analyzing data
all of the above
measuring
39
What does the term insoluble fiber refer to on food packages?
starch
amylopectin
polypeptides
cellulose
40
Studying a cell, you see it has no nucleus or mitochondria, but it does have plasma membrane + cell wall. You judge it's
prokaryote
an animal
extinct organism
plant
41
A water molecule is polar because its hydrogen and oxygen
bothe lose e-
both gain e-
do not share the electrons equally
become ions
42
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?
Option D
Option C
Option A
Option B
43
Man belongs to the family known as
Hominiade
Vertebrata
Mammalia
Primates
44
Atoms become more stable when they form compounds because
they always lose electrons when they form compounds
their nucleus loses extra protons when they form compounds
their outer orbitals become filled when they form compounds
they always gain electrons when they form compounds
45
Which of the following is the best explanation for why vegetable oil is a liquid at room temp
Animal fats have no amphipathic character
Vegetable oil has fewer double bonds than animal fats
Vegetable oil has longer fatty-acid tails than animal fats have
oil has more double bonds than animal fats
46
Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?
Hydrolysis creates polymers and dehydration reactions create monomers
Dehydr. eliminates water from membranes; hydrolysis adds water to membranes
Dehydration and hydrolysis reactions assemble polymers from monomers.
Dehydration assembles polymers; hydrolysis break polymers
47
All of the following contain amino acids EXCEPT
enzymes
insulin
cholesterol
hemoglobin
48
Ronald ross suggested that if ANOPHELES mosquitos were spreading malaria, then PLASMODIUM would be found in them
hypothesis
prediction
theory
scientific truth
49
Typically, the order in which the steps of the scientific method are applied is
prediction;observation, hypothesis;theory; controlled testing, verification
observations;hypothesis, predictions;controlled testing;verification;theory
observations;hypothesis;predictions;controlled testing;theory;verification
observation;prediction, hypothesis;controlled testing;verification;theory
50
All of the following are examples of carbohydrates except
glycogen
cellulose
steroids
sugar
51
Biology is the study of
life
energy
the weather
minerals
52
Instructions for traits that are passed from parents to offspring are known as
genes
natural selections
organ codes
a species plan
53
Every protein in animals begins with the amino acid known as
arginine
methionine
phenylalanine
valine
54
Because carbon has four electrons in its outer energy level,
these atoms are naturally chemically stable
it can form bonds with carbon atoms only
it cannot react with anything other than organic molecules
it can react with up to four other atoms to form covalent bonds
55
All living things maintain a balance within their cells and the environment through the process of
growth
development
evolution
homeostasis
56
Potassium has an atomic number of 19. what is its electon configuration
shells 1,2, and 3 are full land shell 4 has one electron
shells 1,2, and 3 are full and no other electrons are present
shells 1,2, and 3 are full and shell 4 has three electrons
shells 1 and 2 are full, and shell 3 has nine electrons
57
Acidic solutions have a pH that is
more than 7.
less than 7
between 0 and 14
a negative number
58
An atom that has gained or lost electrons is called a(n)
element
molecule
ion
nucleon
59
Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?
a sugar and a purine or pyrimidine
a nitrogenous base and a sugar
a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a sugar
a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
60
Phospholipids and triglycerides both
contain serine or some other organic compound
have a phosphate
have a glycerol backbone
have three fatty acids
61
Which of the following is NOT a polymer?
glucose
DNA
starch
cellulose
62
Which of the following includes all of the purines found in RNA and DNA?
cytosine and uracil
cytosine and thymine
adenine and thymine
adenine and guanine
63
Who was the"father" of taxonomy?
Carl Sagan
Gregor Mendel
Carl Linneus
Erwin Chargoff
64
All matter in the universe is composed of
carbon
molecules
atoms
cells
65
The chemical reaction illustrated in the accompanying figure
links two polymers to form a monomer
joins two fatty acids together
is a hydrolysis reaction
results in a peptide bond
66
Lactose is composed of one glucose joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?
as a hexose
as a monosaccharide
as a polysaccharide
as a disaccharide
67
A molecule with the chemical formula C6H1206 is probably a
nucleic acid
polysaccharide
monosaccharide
fatty acid
68
The formula for glucose is C6H1206. What would be the formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules?
C18H36018
C18H30O15
C6H10Os
C18H32016
69
Atoms that vary in the number of neutrons found in their nuclei are called
ions
isotopes
neutral atoms
neutrons
70
A scientist noted that in acidic pong water some salamanders developed with curved spines. This was a(n)
control
theory
hypothesis
observation
71
A theory that doesn't explain the hypothesis
is known as an inaccurate forecast
none of the above
is rejected
often predicts a different observation
72
Buffers
are formed when a large number of hydroxide ions are released in a solution
are of relatively little importance in living things
. tend to prevent great fluctuations in pH.
are formed when a large number of hydronium ions are released in a solution
73
Homeostasis means
a stable internal environment
the same thing as evolution
rapid change
a change over long periods of time
74
All organisms possess DNA. DNA
contains information for growth and development
captures
creates energy for cells
allows sensitivity to environmental stimuli
75
A neutral solution has an equal number of
hydroxide and hydronium ions
hydrogen and hydroxide ions
oxygen and hydrogen ions
hydrogen and hydronium ions
76
Which of the following is a carbohydrate?
sucrose
DNA
Wax
insulin
77
A phospholipid molecule contains all of the following except
phosphate group
three fatty acids
two fatty acids
glycerol
78
A molecule that has a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other side is called a
charged molecule
bipolar molecule
nonpolar molecule
polar molecule
79
Saturated fatty acids contain
more than 100 carbon atoms
carbon atoms that are each bonded to four other atoms
carbon atoms linked by double bonds
no carboxyl (-COOH) groups
80
Which of these classes of biological molecules does NOT include polymers?
lipids
carbs
proteins
nucleic acids
81
The bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons is called a
hydrogen bond
nonpolar bond
water bond
a covalent bond
82
If a DNA sample were composed of 10% thymine, what would be the percentage of guanine?
80
40
10
83
Which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of many animals and fungi?
amylose
amylopectin
chitin
cellulose
84
Long chains of amino acids are found in
lipids
carbohydrates
sugars
proteins
85
Scientists share their research results by...
presenting at scientific meetings
speaking to groups with the same interest
all of the above
publishing in scientific journals
86
A hypothesis is
a definite answer to a given problem
a proven statement
a testable possible explanation of an observation
a concluding argument
87
Ronald Ross thought that if the ANOPHELES mosquitos were spreading malaria, then PLASMODIUM would be found in them
prediction
hypothesis
theory
observation
88
Cooking oil and gasoline (a hydrocarbon) are not amphipathic molecules because they
are highly reduced molecules
do not have a nonpolar region
have hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions
do not have a polar or charged region
89
Water molecules break up other polar substances
thus freeing ions in these substances for use by the body
such as salts
all of the above
because of the uneven charge distribution that exists in water molecules.
90
Lipids are
polar molecules
similar to water molecules
protein molecules
non-polar molecules
91
Which of the following is NOT necessarily a characteristic of living things.
physical beauty
metabolism
reproduction
homeostasis
92
The group that provides a normal standard against which the biologist can compare results is called the
control group
variable group
dependent group
experimental group
93
were responsible for working out the structure of DNA
Hershey and Chase
Watson and Crick
Erwin Chargoff
none
94
A substance that is composed of only one type of atom is called a(n)
molecule
nucleus
cell
element
95
Polysaccharides are
carbs
lipids
unsaturated fats
proteins
96
Scientific hypotheses are most often tested by the process of
experimenting
inferring
analyzing data
communicating
97
The terms base and alkaline refer to solutions that
contain more hydronium ions than hydroxide ions
contain more hydroxide ions than hydronium
contain dissolved sodium hydroxide
contain more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions
98
The smallest units that carry on all functions of life are called
molecules
organelles
species
cells
99
Lipids are soluble in
saltwater
all of the above
oil
water
100
Without enzymes, the chemical reactions in the body would
occur at much the same rate as they do with enzymes
occur too slowly to support life processes
require a different pH
happen too fast

Biology Midterm Part I Flashcards | StudBud