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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
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Answers
1
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
tree-bird
car-nose
boat-goat
fill-feed
2
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
latent learning
classical conditioning
insight learning
operant conditioning
3
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
a situational attribution
a distinctive attribution
an external attribution
an internal attribution
4
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
correlation coefficients
standard deviation
means
percentiles
5
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
processing
attention
sensation
perception
6
What is somnambulism?
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-walking
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-talking
7
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
just noticeable difference
subliminal threshold
sensory memory
absolute threshold
8
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a hallucinogen
a sedative
a narcotic
an amphetamine
9
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a behavior rating
a self-report inventory
a projective test
a deceptive test
10
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
print letters
fear the dark
tie shoe laces
sing a song
11
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological stability
physiological instability
psychological stability
psychological instability
12
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
basis for performing pro-social behavior
halo effect in aggression
13
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
drive theory
instinct theory
evolutionary theory
incentive theory
14
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
sequential
time of testing
cross-sectional
longitundinal
15
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he's just like his father
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
he always gets in fights
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
16
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
semantic network
script
schema
chunk
17
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
18
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
lateral processing
bottom-up processing
top-down processing
bottom-to-top processing
19
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
extinction
spontaneous remission
conditioned forgetting
unconditioning
20
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
individualism
attributionism
functionalism
collectivism
21
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
happiness
sadness
fear
surprise
22
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-interval schedule
variable-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
23
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
reiteration
recall
recognition
relearning
24
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
similiarity
symmetry
closure
constancy
25
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
fluid
episodic
crystallized
procedural
26
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
repression
suppression
avoidance
neurogenic amnesia
27
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
an obsession
a delusion
a compulsion
a phobia
28
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
criterion-related
absolute
construct
content
29
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
attachment probing
strange situation
secure-avoidant
shared inhibition
30
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
standardized validity
predictive validity
content validity
criterion-related validity
31
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender roles
gender differences
gender stereotypes
gender behaviors
32
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
an approach-approach conflict
33
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
thalamus
spinal cord
cortex
location of injury
34
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
aggressiveness
social charm
manipulative behavior
excessive guilt
35
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an achievement test
an aptitude test
a personality test
an intelligence test
36
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
job discrimination experienced by the residents
crowded living conditions
the personal qualities of the residents
poor police protection
37
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
frustration
change
conflict
pressure
38
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
social scripts
parental investments
display rules
investment differentiations
39
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
olfactory cilia
sciatic receptors
smell buds
gustatory bulbs
40
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
intermediate-term
short-term
sensory
long-term
41
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
schizophrenia
marital problems
anxiety disorders
bipolar disorder
42
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
temporal lobe
stirrup
cochlea
oval window
43
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
phonemic
mnemonic
morphemic
platonic
44
The superego is Freud's term for...
the moral component of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the conscious aspect of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
45
A perceptual set implies that...
people often see what they expect to see
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
46
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the law of cognitive dissonance
the principle of collectivism
display rules
the reciprocity norm
47
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
operant conditioning
reinforcement
classical conditioning
observational learning
48
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
groupthink
obedience
conformity
cognitive dissonance
49
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
light
food/meat powder
salivation
tone
50
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
were put into a simulated prison
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
51
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
remain in continuous sleep
become aggressive
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous wakefulness
52
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
bipolar
unipolar
cyclical
dissociative
53
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the availability heuristic
are using the representativeness heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
use a holistic decision model
54
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
abstract operations
logical reasoning
physical interaction
systematic hypothesis testing
55
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
positive reinforcement
avoidance learning
an unconditioned response
escape learning
56
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
prefrontal cortex
hypothalamus
occipital cortex
medulla
57
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
schizophrenic
mood
anxiety
personality
58
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
flashbulb memories
non-declarative memories
episodic memories
sensory memories
59
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
IQ
mental age
a percentile score
a potential score
60
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test scales
test norms
test levels
test scores
61
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
cookie
i wanted a cookie
give cookie
I eated a cookie
62
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring dissent from group members
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
63
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
behavioral quality
attachment
temperament
personality
64
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
preconventional
concrete
conventional
postconventional
65
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
independently of autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
66
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
deindividuation
social loafing
conformity
group polarization
67
Framing refers to...
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting only part of the information required
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting irrelevant information
68
According to the medical model...
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
69
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 1
stage 4
REM
stage 2
70
A valid test is one that...
is reliable
has been standardized but not normed
measures what it is supposed to measure
is consistent
71
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
fugue
bipolar disorder
conversion disorder
panic disorder
72
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
pitch
decibels
loudness
timbre
73
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
stereotypes
schematizing
cognitive structuring
cultural direction
74
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
spatial
logical-mathemathical
mechanical
musical
75
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
accuracy of inference
consistency
predictability
representativeness
76
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
dyadic encoding
attention encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
the semantic level of encoding
77
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
egocentrism
reversibility
conservation
centration
78
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
pathogens
teratogens
opiates
prenatals
79
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
retrieved
ablated
encoded
modeled
80
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
humanistic
behavioral
cognitive
psychoanalytic
81
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
changes in testing procedures
a variety of environmental factors
group differences in basic intelligence
genetic influences on IQ
82
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in neuroticism
high in agreeableness
low in openness
low in extraversion
83
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
self-serving bias
attributions
stereotypes
prejudices
84
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
psychotherapy
aversion therapy
systematic desensitization
avoidance therapy
85
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
trust vs. mistrust
industry vs. inferiority
initiative vs. guilt
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
86
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
behavior is to motive
thought is to perception
feeling is to thinking
attitude is to action
87
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
anterograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
88
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus discrimination
conditioned emotional reactions
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
89
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
syntax
phonemes
linguistic heuristics
morphemes
90
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
overestimating the improbable
the conjunction fallacy
the confirmation bias
the gambler's fallacy
91
What is cognitive dissonance?
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
92
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
hallucinations
obsessions
illusions
delusions
93
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a heuristic observation
a self-serving attribution
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a contravened stereotype
94
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
coping mechanisms
offense mechanisms
id mechanisms
defense mechanisms
95
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
exposure to light
cultural practices
amount of time awake
amount of time alseep
96
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
rat
loud noise
fear reaction
rabbit
97
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
98
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
punishment
observational learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
99
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
selection
shaping
step-wise conditioning
stimulus discrimination
100
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pituitary gland
sebaceous gland
pancreas
thyroid gland
