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AP Gov Valerie Sowers(Kevin Kuang) Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Gov Valerie Sowers(Kevin Kuang)
AP Gov Valerie Sowers(Kevin Kuang)
200 terms
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200 ap gov questions
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200 cards
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1
Federalism - A system of government in which power is shared by national and state governments.
T
F
2
which amendment is this?
19
4
234
41
3
what is this?
iron triangle
impeachment
votes
steel square
4
Who was Dred Scott?
a white male, sued for his slave running away
prime minister of America
a slave, lived in a free state and sued for his freedom
a free black male, sued to free his brother
5
14th Amendment
Power of Congress to tax income
States cannot deny any person the right to vote
ll persons born in the U.S. are citizens
no state can deprive a person of EQUAl PROTECTION of the law
6
"The exclusionary rule forbids the use of evidenceobtained through illegal search in a ..trial"
Lawrence v Texas
US v Leon
Marbury v Madison
Lawrence v California
7
Conference Committees
Temporary congressional committees
Leader of a congressional committee
ommittees to discuss & supervise certain topics
joint committee appointed to resolve differences of congress
8
Flat Taxes - A taxation system in which everyone is charged the same rate, regardless of income
T
F
9
Federalists
NONSupporters of the new constitution
Supporters of the new constitution
congresspeople
observation that women are more likely to support Democratic
10
what is the Marshall era
(1808-1835) growth in national power,
(1968-2001) reduced role of national government,
(1850-1932) limited national government
(1933-1968) increased power and intervention
11
Department of Justice
Senior Justice Department attorney.
Government lawyer
Federal department responsible for enforcing federal laws
Head of the Justice Department
12
Executive Agreement
Constitutional process for removing executive officers
President may veto any bill
Government should protect "traditional" (Christian) views
agreement between the U.S president and other nations
13
Speaker of the House
Deputy leadership position.
Association of members created to support a political
The heads of the minority and majority parties in the Senate
The leader of the majority party and officer of the House
14
Senatorial Courtesy
The jurisdiction of courts to hear appeals from lower trial
Senate will not confirm a presidential nomination position
The President may remove any appointed federal officer
Head of the Justice Department and the chief law
15
which amendment is this?
1
14
12
23
16
which amendment is this?
25
26
23
27
17
Judicial Activism
"Let the decision stand"
uncomfortable declaring laws unconstitutional.
A decision in a previous court case
comfortable declaring laws unconstitutional.Judicial
18
House Ways and Means Committee
Decide how to spend money allocated to each spending
committee responsible for initiating all taxation bills.
committees that begins budget process in Congress
joint committee appointed to resolve differences of congress
19
which amendment is this?
23
14
25
22
20
Social Conservatism
ongress can override with 2/3 vote in both houses
Government should protect "traditional" (Christian) views
Constitutional process for removing executive officers
ProcessPresiden may veto any bill by returning it to Congres
21
Government Corporations
Allows president to veto bad parts of a bill
A emergency budget
service to the public and typically charges for its services
POTUS is the symbolic leader of his party.
22
no legitimate state interest which can justify its intrusion into the personal...conduct"
Obama
Lawrence v Texas
Marbury v Madison
Regents v Bakke
23
Authoritarian Regime
A government that can do whatever it wants, without limits.
he belief that the government should have all the power
view of bureaucracie that argues agency heads seek to expand
nowingly printing falsehoods in order to har
24
which amendment is this?
4
7
6
5
25
13th Amendment
Freedom of religion
Established the direct election of senators
Abolished slavery
Power of Congress to tax income
26
Dealignment
The loosening of party ties
the separation of party ideologies
27
Political Socialization
individuals acquire a sense of political identity
Used to discourage African Americans from voting
Practice of congressmen
One way for a state party to select delegates
28
Deregulation
ending government services and allowing the free market
The ability of an agency to determine how it will execute
The lifting of government rules & restrictions on business
Regulations & orders from the President to an agency
29
Privatization
The ability of an agency to determine how it will execute
Regulations & orders from the President to an agency
A federal legislative agency that audits (
ending government services and allowing the free market
30
Constitutional question of marbury v madison
Could New York give someone a steamboat monopoly?
Is segregation of any form legal?
Does the Federal Government have the ability to form a Bank.
Can the judges sue in court for their commissions?
31
NATO
Cold War military alliance
WW1 military alliance
United Nations military alliance
WW2 military alliance
32
which amendment is this?
12
2
14
11
33
Corrupt Practices Acts
A series of laws to regulate campaign finance.
A series of laws to ensure laws are being followed
34
which amendment is this?
18
11
3
41
35
"in the field of public education, the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place. "
Obama
Brown v Board of Education
US v Leon
Lawrence v Texas
36
Literacy Test
A method to deny blacks right to vote
Cold War military alliance
necessary and proper
a method to determine intelligence in America
37
Civil Society
A view that arose in the early modern era in Europe;
network of community relationship that builds social capital
war fought within a single country
constitutes a “clear and present danger” can be banned.
38
Gender Discrimination - Treating people differently and unequally because of gender.
F
D
T
39
General Election
Jim Crow era state
Declared unconstitutional in 1915.
winner becomes an elected government official.
The drawing of district boundaries
40
Effective Tax Rate
Clause in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution
ctual percentage of one’s income that one pays in taxes
- A member of the Electoral College.
41
Federal Register - A federal publication that lists all executive orders.
F
T
42
Constitutional Powers
Powers granted explicitly by the Constitution.
Powers granted implicitly by the Constitution.
43
what is a caucus?
a type of African cuisine
vote for candidates
primary
a meeting at which local members of a political party meet
44
Administrative Adjudication
An action by the Supreme Court to uphold a ruling
The bureaucratic function of settling disputes
asures to give minorities special consideration for hiring
The gaining of control
45
What are the qualifications to be in the House of Representatives?
Residence in the state you represent
At least 35yars old
5years of US citizenship.
The Vice President of the US
46
Exclusionary Rule
Supporters of the new constitution
(separation of powers, checks & balances)
A poll of voters exiting the polls (
Evidence in violation of 4th is not admissible in trial.
47
Fiscal Federalism - The practice of states spending federal money to help administer PROGRAMS
T
F
48
Federal Budget - A document detailing how the federal government will spend money
T
F
49
how many amendments are there?
3
5
4
ten
50
Filibuster
Occurs when a committee ignores a bill and doesn't report it
The process by which a congressional committee debates,
Use of unlimited time for debate in the Senate to kill bills
A procedure used in the senate to limit debate on a bill
51
Republic
Judicial doctrine that applies the Bill of Rights
The % margin of error of a survey.
The principle of dividing governmental powers
Representative democracy.
52
What are ex post facto laws?
Laws targeting certain individuals
Cases involving ambassadors, ministers, counsels, or states.
Laws that criminalize events that happened in the past.
No one can be held without a trial
53
Random Digit Dialing
common method of random poll sample to maximize accuracy
A state level method of direct democracy
state legislature or independent commission
Major foreign policy ideology.
54
Formula Grants - Grants in which a formula is used to determine how much money stateS receives.
F
T
55
Framers - The men who wrote the Constitution.
F
T
56
Fiscal Policy,How the government influences the economy through taxing, borrowing, and spending
T
F
57
which amendment is this?
24
23
25
26
58
which amendment is this?
13
13
154
12
59
Primary Election
Election to select party's candidate for each office.
Only registered party members can vote
meeting of important party members to select party candidate
Anyone can vote in any party primaries
60
Americans With Disabilities Act
friend of the court
The major law banning discrimination against the disabled
The minor law banning discrimination against the disabled
Obama's healthcare bill
61
26th Amendment
Right to arm bears.
No "unreasonable" searches and seizures.
Abolishes poll taxes
States cannot deny the right to vote based on age
62
Deficit Spending
government intentionally spends more money than it takes in.
losing money as a country to other nations
63
Faithless Elector
ideology from Italy that stresses national unity,
elector who votes for someone other than the candidate
64
which amendment is this?
2
4
3
6
65
National Security Counsel
Government bureaucracy;
AKA Spoils System
Consults with the president on matters of defense
three economists who advise president about general economic
66
Conformism
A tendency for people to act the same differently
A tendency for people to act the same way,
67
what did Plessy v. Ferguson establish?
Nullification and Imposition
Full Faith and Credit Clause
states are sovereign
seperate but equal
68
Line-Item Veto
Short-term patriotic increase in president's popularity
The Presidency is a "bully pulpit"
A law passed in 1973
Allows president to veto parts of a bill but keep the rest
69
Food Stamps - Coupons issued by the government that can be used to purchase food.
F
T
70
which amendment is this?
12
13
15
14
71
Doctrine of Implied Powers
Constitutional system for electing president
strictly separates federal power (
"necessary and proper"
Power to tax, borrow & coin money
72
Division Of Labor
describe federalism through most of the nineteenth century,
Part of the Fourteenth Amendment,
e practice of dividing a job into smaller component
the overwhelming power of the two major parties
73
"So long as there is no prior censorship, a legislature may forbid both speech
Gitlow v New York
Planned Parenthood v Casey
Clinton v NYC
Texas v Johnson
74
Constitutional Democracy
gov characterized by no limitations on government power
government characterized by limitations on government power
75
Commerce Clause
System of federalism
A technique of fiscal federalism
Congress has the power to regulate commerce
Nonbinding union of sovereign states
76
What is the 5th Article about?
All debts accumulated before the passage of the Constitution
The constitution will be ratified by conventions of states.
How to amend the Constitution.
Goverment official are bound by an oath
77
Where does the Supreme Court have original jurisdiction?
always
never
during war
Cases involving ambassadors, ministers, counsels, or states.
78
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Rich highly educated white male protestant lawyers
Nonbinding union of sovereign states
Congress has the power to regulate commerce
Prohibits discrimination based on race or gender
79
What is habeas corpus?
Laws targeting certain individuals
Laws that criminalize events that happened in the past.
Making treaties
No one can be held without a trial
80
how many amendments are there?
5
4
27
2
81
Attorney General
Government lawyer that represents the US government
Senior Justice Department attorney
Head of the Justice Department and the chief law enforcement
Rule of judicial self restraint to limit power
82
Supreme Court
Final federal appellate court
one of the two branches of gov
local courts
the supreme ruler of the land
83
Absolutism
bureaucracies that argues agency heads seek to expand
The bureaucratic function of settling disputes
gov should have all the power and be able to do whatever
Knowingly printing falsehoods
84
Where do monetary bills originate?
state legislature
The House of Representatives
The senate
the oval office
85
We need to reject any politics that targets people because of race or religion.
Griswald v Connecticut
Loving v Virginia
Obama
Tinker v Des Moines
86
Solicitor General
Head of the Justice Department and the chief law officer
Government lawyer that represents the US government
Senior Justice Department attorney
An order by the Supreme Court
87
Formalized Rules - Another term for standard operating procedure.
F
T
88
what was the ruling of dred scott v sanford
slaves had different rights than property
1st Amendment does not protect criminal acts.
No slaves could be citizens of states.
living in free states did not make you free
89
What Year was Barron v Baltimore
1956
2011
1833
1856
90
Comparative Politics
academic discipline that compares states
Powers exercised simultaneously by the states and the fed
91
Direct Democracy
court opinion written by the losing side that explains
government in which the people come together to vote
measure in the House that forces a bill out of a committee
92
Single-Member Plurality District
Minority state system for allocating electoral college votes
Any political party that appears as an alternative
Electoral district with only one representative
common state system for allocating electoral college votes
93
what are the different type of primaries
opened
half opened
Closed
half closed
94
North American Free Trade Agreement
Free trade agreement among USA, Canada & Mexico.
Political Ideology
Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act
Obama's healthcare plan
95
Who is the President of the Senate?
The President of the US
The Vice President of the US
the House of Representatives
Speaker of the Senate
96
Marriage is one of the "basic civil rights of man,"
OBAMA
Gitlow v New York
Loving v Virginia
Griswald v Connecticut
97
which amendment is this?
12
21
24
`5
98
Establishment Clause
Part of the Fourteenth Amendment
A broadcast media regulation
forbids government establishment of religion.
99
16th Amendment
Power of Congress to tax income
Limits the president to two terms.
Established the direct election of senators
Abolishes poll taxes
100
Emergency Powers
state that governs more than one national group,
powers exercised by the president to deal with emergencies.
A law passed by Congress that lays out the general purposes
101
Command Economy
An economy where all decisions are made by the government.
The media’s role as an intermediary
A clause in Article I, Section 8, of the U.S. Constitution
102
Executive Office of the President
Group of important advisors to the President
Ten organizations that advise the President.
group that includes the President's most trusted advisors
EOP agency;
103
What did Civil Rights Act of 1875 achieve?
14th amendment applies to everyone
equal access to in opportunities
equal access to public places
Discrimination can be prevented at a local level;
104
Informal Amendment Process
Era in the South after Civil War
The first major opening up of American suffrage
Changing the Constitution without changing the actual words
America should not seek to become engaged in foreign affairs
105
How many states were needed to ratify the Constitution?
9 out of 17
9 out of 15
7 out of 13
9 out of 13
106
Entitlement Program
A statement that must be prepared by the fed
program under the federal government is obligated to pay
he powers specifically given to Congress
humans have an obligation to protect the world
107
Conventional Participation
voting
protesting
108
Foreign Policy - A state’s international goals and its strategies to achieve those goals.
F
T
109
Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson's statement of political liberalism
A legal restriction that limits the number of terms
12 states send delegates to revise the Articles of Confed
Prohibited state legislatures from imposing term limits
110
Gag Order - An order by a court to block people from talking or writing about a trial.
T
F
111
Appellate Jurisdiction
The jurisdiction of courts to hear a case for the first time
The jurisdiction of courts to hear appeals from lower trial
The President may remove any appointed federal officer
Senate will not confirm a presidential nomination position
112
What does the 7th Article state?
This was changed by the 17th Amendment.
The constitution will be ratified by conventions of states.
Every 6 years (1/3 of the Senate is elected every 2 years)
Every two years by a popular vote
113
which amendment is this?
2
4
3
1
114
Confederate System
government with a very weak central gov and strong states.
government with a very strong central gov and strong states.
115
Federal Election Commission -The independent agency established to enforce campaign finance law
T
F
116
Precedent
A decision in a previous court case
One who brings a court action against another
The state or federal government attorney in a criminal case.
the right & power to make decisions in a particular area.
117
Gerrymandering
Changing the meaning of the Constitution
Some states allow citizens to come up with their own ideas
The drawing of district boundaries by the state
Commerce clause case
118
which amendment is this?
3
4
2
1
119
Gerrymandering - the process by which the party that controls the state government
F
T
120
which amendment is this?
5
1
2
23
121
Government Accountability Office
Regulations & orders from the President to an agency a
Gives all citizens the right to inspect all records
The power of Congress to oversee how laws are carried out
agency that audits (investigates) other agencies
122
Equity
that forbids government establishment of religion.
demand for something exceeds the supply.
When all parties to a transaction are treated fairly.
123
which amendment is this?
15
17
16
14
124
Unitary State
A state that could go either way in a presidential elections
A state ruled by one central government.
Violence Against Women Act
"The supreme law of the land.
125
"Awareness of diversity means only that in choosing among .. qualified applicants the admission
Cantwell v Connecticut
Regents v Bakke
Miranda v Arizona
Obama
126
Chief Justice John Marshall
In office from 1801-1837
In office from 1803-1835
In office from 1801-1836
In office from 1801-1835
127
De Facto segregation
segregation that exists due to economic and residential
segregation that exists due to laws
128
Cloture
Use of unlimited time for debate in the Senate to kill bills
Occurs when a committee ignores a bill and doesn't report it
A procedure used in the senate to limit debate on a bill
The process by which a congressional committee debates
129
New Jersey Plan
equal representation in new Congress
House of Rep
Congress representation
proportionate representation in new Congress
130
which amendment is this?
3
2
1
4
131
Shays' Rebellion
Theory of representation
States cannot interfere with federal power
Failed rebellion in 1786 by poor farmers
"The decision stands"
132
First Continental Congress
- A gathering of representatives from all thirteen colonies in 1774
F
T
133
Front-Runner - The candidate perceived to be LAST in an election campaign.
T
F
134
Swing State
A state that could go either way in a presidential elections
State with lots of swings
A state ruled by one central government.
Replaced the League of Nations after WWII.
135
Nomination Process
Election to select party's candidate for each office
meeting of important party members to select party candidate
The process by which a political party nominates
Only registered party members can vote
136
which amendment is this?
5
7
6
8
137
Isolationism
Father of political liberalism
America should not seek to become engaged in foreign affairs
4 armed service branches
False and malicious
138
Patronage System
government bureaucracy based on connections, political favor
Government bureaucracy; non-elected agents
A list of good-paying (sweet) jobs
The fifteen largest and most influential agencies
139
which amendment is this?
25
26
5
23
140
Federal Communications Commission - The federal agency that regulates the broadcast media.
T
F
141
17th Amendment
Gives Washington DC electoral college votes
States cannot deny the right to vote
Abolishes poll taxes
Established the direct election of senators
142
General Jurisdiction - A court’s power to hear cases, which is mostly unrestricted.
F
T
143
which amendment is this?
24
3
2
4
144
Block Grants
Categorical Grant
Grants given to the states by the federal gov for a purpose
A major principle of the American system
Assistance given to individual constituents
145
Common Law
A system of law, originally from Russia
A system of law, originally from England,
A system of law, originally from Australia,
A system of law, originally from China
146
Concurring Opinion
opinion by a losing side but disagrees
opinion by a judge with the winning side but disagrees
147
Congressional District System
When a 3rd party candidate takes enough votes
party that appears as an alternative to the two main parties
Changes in the two party system
Minority state system for allocating electoral college votes
148
Right to arm bears.
American Political Culture
2nd Amendment
4th Amendment
5th Amendment
149
Ethics in Government Act
Requires financial disclosure for elected public officials
Federal trial courts.
CourtsIntermediate federal appellate courts.
150
Fairness Doctrine
state regulation
government regulation
media regulation
151
What does the 25th Amendment state?
Congressmen raising their own salaries.
Vice President will become President if the President dies.
Lower the voting age to 18.
-Each state must give full faith and credit
152
Economic Liberalism
Belief in strong government intervention in the economy
Belief in weak government intervention in the economy
Belief in strong government intervention in the ecology
Belief in strong government intervention in the enviorment
153
which amendment is this?
15
14
2
13
154
What are some constitutional powers of the President?
Being commander in chief of the armed forces
Advising Congress
Appointing executive officials
-Making treaties
155
Articles of Confederation
American Political Culture
Set up the 1st independent American government
Agents of Socialization
"Copy-cat" behavior.
156
which amendment is this?
14
16
156
15
157
Convention Delegate
party member or official who goes to the national convention
term used to describe federalism for most of the century
158
How can an amendment be ratified?
By 1/3 of both houses of Congress
By 5/3 of both houses of Congress
By 24/4of both houses of Congress
3/4 of congress
159
What is the 4th Article about
All debts accumulated before the passage of the Constitution
the process of admitting new states into the Union.
-Each state must give full faith and credit
How to amend the Constitution.
160
Closed Primary
Only registered party members can vote in the party primarie
2 main parties
A group of individuals with broad common interests
Anyone can vote in any party primaries
161
Open Rule
power of the President enate to appoint government officer
The ability of a president to negotiate treaties
permits a bill to be amended on the floor
to forgive a federal offense without penalty
162
Civil Law
A judicial order to a party to do or stop doing something
A sum of money paid in compensation
Laws dealing with private rights of individuals
Laws dealing with offenses against society
163
House and Senate Whips
Permanent committees in House and Senate
Deputy leadership position.
Powerful House standing committee
The heads of the minority and majority parties in the Senate
164
Department of Defense
Cabinet-level agency in charge of the armed forces
The ideal politicians
"necessary and proper"
Cabinet-level agency in charge of foreign policy
165
Docket
The stage in Supreme Court proceedings i
The power of the Supreme Court to declare laws
Literally, a "friend of the court" brief
The list of cases that the Supreme Court has agreed to hea
166
White Primary
An error in collecting polling data
Economic organization to promote global wealth.
restricting African American's 15th Amendment rights
A policial ideology that opposes capitalism
167
Australian Ballot
ballot made in Australia
Queen of England
Australians voting system
ballot printed by the gov that allows voting to be secret
168
Earned Income Tax Credit
nterest group that seeks material benefits for its members.
xpansion of the economy
Assistance to other countries
type of federal welfare program
169
what is the dual era
(1808-1835) growth in national power
(1968-2001) reduced role of national government,
(1933-1968)increased power and intervention of national gov=
(1850-1932) limited national government and separate
170
Denial Of Power
The repeal or reduction of regulations
Threatening to use military force
A severe economic downturn that lasts a long time
Declaring that a certain group doesn't have particular power
171
Government - The organization of power within a country.
F
T
172
Federal Reserve Bank - The name of the central bank of the United States; often called the Fed.
T
F
173
Defamation
You support my bill, I'll support yours.
A method to deny blacks rights
American power to promote democracy
slander or libel
174
Judicial Review
comfortable declaring laws unconstitutional.
A philosophy of judicial decision-making
power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional
uncomfortable declaring laws unconstitutional.
175
Federalist Papers
Written in 1798 by Madison, Hamilton,
Written in 1788 by Edison, Hamilton,
Written in 1788 by Washington, Hamilton,
Written in 1788 by Madison, Hamilton,
176
Filibuster - A House tactic
F
T
177
which amendment is this?
3
2
4
1
178
which amendment is this?
9
7
6
5
179
Federal Election Campaign Act - A law, passed in 1971,
F
T
180
Pardon Power
Group of important advisors to the President
to forgive a federal offense without penalty or grant
A yearly report by the president to Congress
"supreme commander" of the nation's armed forces
181
Acquisitive Model
The gaining of control
bureaucracies that argues agency heads seek to expand
An action by the Supreme Court to uphold a ruling
Measures to give minorities special consideration
182
Affirm
An action by the Supreme Court to uphold a ruling
representative is seen as an agent, acting on behalf
egulatory agency by the industry it regulates.
designed to overcome past discrimination.
183
Lame Duck
The lifting of government rules & restrictions on business,
ability of an agency to determine how it will execute law
holding office after his or her replacement has been elected
Process of ending government services
184
First Amendment into play, the court ... there was an intent to convey particular message,
Gregg v Georgia
Texas v Johnson
US v Nixon
Planned Parenthood v Casey
185
Feminism - The belief that women are equal to men and should be treated equally by the law.
F
T
186
Political Party
A group of individuals with broad common interests
Electoral district with only one representative
common state system for allocating electoral college votes
Minority state system
187
Devolution
process of the national government giving powers to state
The act of negotiating and dealing with other nations
absolute government in which one person holds all the power
188
which amendment is this?
15
34
16
20
189
What are bills of attainder?
Laws targeting certain individuals
Laws that criminalize events that happened in the past.
No one can be held without a trial
Being commander in chief of the armed forces
190
10th Amendment
Abolished slavery
powers not given to fed is given to states
States cannot deny any person the right to vote
All persons born in the U.S. are citizens
191
Exclusionary Rule
president should have strong influence over the bureaucracy.
excludes trial evidence obtained in an illegal search.
A set of agencies that work closely with the president
192
What is the ruling of Barron v Baltimore
Yes federal government
No, Only Federal Government
Yes Only States
No, only states
193
Who can regulate interstate commerce according to Gibbons v. Ogden
The transportation company
the local government
the states themselves
the federal government
194
which amendment is this?
14
15
13
15
195
"The First Amendment declares ... make no law respecting an establishment of religion
Griswald v Connecticut
Obama
Miranda v Arizona
Cantwell v Connecticut
196
Rule of 4
Rule of 5
How the Supreme Court decides whether to hear a case.
The list of cases that the Supreme Court has agreed to hear
The stage in Supreme Court proceedings
197
"The 6th Amendment's guarantee of counsel is afundamental right,
Plessy v Ferguson
Cruzan v Missouri
Gideon v Wainwright
Times v Sullivan
198
How can an amendment be proposed?
By 2/3 of both houses of Congress
By 3/4 of Congress
2/3 of state legislstures.
3/4 of state conventions.
199
Seniority Rule
A joint committee appointed to resolve differences
Leader of a congressional committee
custom that gives the chair of a committee with senior ship
Temporary congressional committees
200
A group who opposed the ratification of the Constitution
Bandwagon Effect
Anti-Federalists
Articles of Confederation
Block Grants
