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AP Psychology First Semester Final Review Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psychology First Semester Final Review
AP Psychology First Semester Final Review
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#APPsychology #FirstSemester #Review
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1
Ethical principles developed by the APA help ensure humans in psychological research
get paid for their time
are protected from physical and psychological harm
keep the purposes of the research confidential
have not participated in similar research in the past
2
Evolutionary
psychologists would say humans desire social interaction,affiliation,etc. due to
behavioral change
individualism
survival
achievement
3
In adult humans which of the following is true of REM sleep?
It occurs during the 1st half of an individual's sleep cycle
It alternates with NREM sleep in 30-minute cycles
It leads to increased muscle tone
It is correlated with dreaming
4
Damage to which brain part would cause a coma that someone would be unlikely to wake from?
Frontal Lobe
Hypothalamus
Reticular Formation
Amygdala
5
According to Wilhelm Wundt, the focus of scientific psychology should be the study of
unconscious motivation
physiology and behavior
conscious experience
observable behavior
6
In memory experiments on free recall, the recency effect refers specifically to
Enhanced recall of items at the beginning of a list
Enhanced recall of items in the middle of a list
Diminished recall of items at the end of a list of words
Enhanced recall of items at the end of a list
7
Freudian constructs which is believed to protect from anxiety by making memories inaccessible
Pleasure principle
Repression
Ego ideal
Superego
8
Immediately after firing, a neuron in incapable of responding to stimulation, this is the
depolarization
absolute refractory period
action potential
threshold difference
9
Gestalt principle where an individual's tendency to perceive an incomplete figure as whole
Closure
Proximity
Figure-ground
Motion parallax
10
Which of the following is generally associated with the use of hallucinogens?
Improved memory function
Experience vivid-distorted images that are not sensory based
Slower bodily functions
Decreased pain sensation and decreased anxiety
11
In classical conditioning, stimulus generalization occurs when an organism responds
to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus
with different types of response to neutral stimuli
to the CS the same way as the US
to stimuli that are similar to the unconditioned stimulus
12
Which of the following is an example of discrimination learning?
a dog salivates to a bell ten trials after extinction
a four year old calls her aunt "mommy"
a pigeon trained to peck a red key, pecks and orange one
a dog salivates to a certain tone, but not any other
13
If experimenting on the effects of hunger on aggression, aggression would be the
Placebo
Control
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
14
Which of the following most accurately describes the role of the hypothalamus in hunger?
it acts with the endocrine system to control hunger/satiety
Monitors stomach contractions to determine extent of hunger
it responds to the sight and smell of food
It is effective in triggering, but not depressing hunger
15
People who have difficulty remembering recently learned material because of similar information
proactive interference
cue dependent theory
repression
retroactive interference
16
A polygraph machine does not detect lies, it responds to changes in
Autonomic arousal
Cognitive states
Parasympathetic functioning
Motivational level
17
A tumor that destroys the ventromedial hypothalamus is likely to produce which of the following
frequent eating and obesity
total lack of interest in food
changes in stomach volume and less-frequent eating
changes in the taste of food, but not amount eaten
18
Which of the following best describes the placebo effect?
It can be brought about by the individual's expectations
It can be reduced by anti-psychotic drugs
It is found only among individuals in psychoanalysis
It is considered an invalid research concept
19
The feeling that you know someone's name, but cannot quite recall it is an example of
serial position effect
retrograde amnesia
tip of the tongue phenomenon
state dependent theory
20
What hormone seems to be most closely associated with aggressive behavior?
Testosterone
Estrogen
Insulin
Melatonin
21
Cognitive psychologists are most likely to study
How infants move from basic to trust autonomy
How attribution processes vary across cultures
The conflicts of the conscious and unconscious
The acquisition of knowledge, planning and problem-solving
22
Which of the following increases the chance that you will remember a phone number quickly
Rehearsal
Spacing
Retrieval
Free Recall
23
Which of the following is true about the blind spot in the eye?
It is stimulated only by high levels of illumination
It occurs where the optic nerve leaves the eye
It is most apparent in low levels of illumination
It is caused by an excess of bipolar cells in the retina
24
The pitch of sound is analogous to which of the following features of light?
Size
Saturation
Hue
Brightness
25
If someone uses a paperclip to gain access to a locked house their problem solving avoids using
syllogistic reasoning
deductive reasoning
functional fixedness
inductive reasoning
26
What is a median?
The most frequently occurring number in a series
An Average of a series of numbers
Midpoint in the distribution of numbers
That thing in the middle of the road
27
Learning that is not demonstrated at the time it occurs is called
Latent learning
Insight learning
Conceptualization learning
Social learning
28
A particular group of brain cells seems to provide basis for observational learning, they are
Motor Neurons
Mirror Neurons
Afferent Neurons
Efferent Neurons
29
According to social learning theory, aggression is the result of the following?
modeling
the death instinct
catharsis
post-conventional thought
30
Which of the following correctly lists Maslow's hierarchy of needs from bottom to top?
basic, subordinate, intermediate
Physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, self-actualization
basic, subordinate, superordinate
safety, physiological, esteem
31
Information is relayed to the spinal cord or the brain by
Afferent neurons
Efferent Neurons
T Cells
Schwann cells
32
In right handed people which of the following abilities is predominantly a right brain function
speech
writing
language comprehension
spatial reasoning
33
Pam works hard in school because her parents give her money for A's, this is an example of
Primary needs
Intrinsic motivation
Intrinsic needs
Extrinsic motivation
34
Caffeine and nicotine are in the same class as which of the following drugs?
Alcohol
Cocaine
Valium
Marijuana
35
If an individual has lost the ability to feel pain in the left arm, there is most likely damage
to the left parietal lobe
to the right parietal lobe
to the right occipital lobe
to the left occipital lobe
36
Which of the following would most likely result from an injury to the medulla?
A problem relating to hunger
A life-threatening disruption of heartbeat and breathing
Retrograde amnesia-destruction of previous memories
Visual/spatial judgement problems
37
The depletion of which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely linked to Alzheimer's
Serotonin
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
GABA
38
According to psychoanalytic theory-Tom's constant shoplifting suggests he has an underdeveloped
Defense Mechanism
Id
Pleasure Principle
Superego
39
The function of dendrites is to
Receive information from other neurons
Connect the cell body with the terminal branches
Secrete neurotransmitters to the postsynaptic neuron
Provide energy for the synthesis of acetylcholine
40
A person with damage to the Broca's area would most likely demonstrate the following symptoms?
Difficulty with speech production
Hearing difficulties
Forgetfulness
Difficulty with balance and coordination
41
Money most often modifies people's behavior because it is a powerful
Conditioned stimulus
Negative reinforcer
Discriminative stimulus
Secondary reinforcer
42
Standard deviation is a measure of how much
scores in a group differ from the mean of the group
two sets of scores vary together
a normal person's behavior changes in a given time
scores from a sample differ from that of a population
43
Which of the following explains pitch perception?
Place Theory
Opponent Process Theory
Frequency and Place Theory
Frequency Theory
44
Which of the following is an explanation of why travelers suffer from jet lag?
There is a disruption of their circadian rhythm
They experience excess amounts of NREM sleep
There is a decrease in the duration of alpha waves in sleep
They experience an increase in REM rebound
45
A person displays a new behavior after watching someone else perform it is
Latent Learning
Observational Learning
Insight Learning
Generalization
46
Of the following, which is essential for operant conditioning to occur?
spontaneous recovery
a stimulus substitution
a behavioral consequence
partial reinforcement
47
Receptors for olfaction are located
in the nasal cavity
in the taste buds of the tongue
on the basilar membrane of the cochlea
in the dermis
48
Behavioral psychologists are most likely to study which of the following
perceived locus of control in people who have panic attacks
genetic basis for schizophrenic disorders
formulation of social skills among kids with emotion issues
formation of emotional attachments to significant others
49
B.F. Skinner's claim that environment determines an individual's behavior was criticized for
Failing to explain cognitive influences on behavior
Failing to explain personality changes over time
Failing to acknowledge situational factors
Attributing behavior solely to genetics
50
Which behavior shows how introspection was practiced by early structuralists
Recalling one's unconscious desires
Determining the best way for children to learn in school
Describing one's instant sensations while looking at a rose
Conditioning an infant to fear rabbits