Speech Disorders across the lifespan

Immediate memory is made up of phonological short term memory, phonological working memory

You can use tools to assess pyschosocial impact- impact on the person, lifestyle & others

Speech intelligibility = no. of words understood divided by no. of words spoken x 100

In subsystem treatment you target the system contributing most to the speech disorder

Noise, proximity/distance, lighting, group vs 1;1, familiarity of listener are all?

Monoloudness, hypernasality, monopitch are?

Aytpical error patterns from 3;0 years are: initial consonant deletion

What impacts the retrieval and activation of motor plans/programmes for speech?

extent to which acoustic signal generated by a speaker can be correctly interpreted by listener

We assess a childs speech to?

Sometimes its best to be explicit and tell the kids what rules they are using incorrectly?

Therapy for interdental lisps is more effective at an earlier age

Speech Production: 8-12 months is echolalia which is where

Cognitive-linguistic process, motor speech planning & neuromuscular control of speech =

What are some of the key aetiologies for childhood dysarthria?

Children with speech disorders are highly:

P & K are:

S & M are:

Reduced vowel inventory, vowel errors, increased errors in longer words, unusual errors are the

LVST- Lee Silverman Voice Treatment Program (LOUD) is what kind of dysarthria approach?

AOS is strongly affected by word length and groping is often present whilst dysarthria is:

Rehearsing speech breathing pattern, optimal breath groups, respiratory flexibility training

Stress testing enables to examine the clients?

Two sounds that the child doesnt have- single contrastive pairing and maximally different

A submucous cleft palate can cause feeding difficulties under 12 mnths and articulatory errors

The ability to stop an automatic response is?

A clients ability to take an individual speech skill learned & apply it broadly in all speech

Creating sufficient breath support for sustaining pressurized air stream & vibration of the vf

Distortions & substituted distortions are error types of AOS whilst error types of dysarthria

Childrens Intelligibility to strangers can by determined by the formula: age in years divided

Phoneme Discrimination- discriminate between minimally paired words that include contrast child

Impairment in one or more of phonation, artiuculation, resonance, prosody, respiration is?

What is an evidence based intervention for CAS

Dysarthria:

Postural adjustment, sustained phonations, breathing against resistance (bubbles through straw)

The zone of pellucida (blue line) is a sign of submucous cleft palate?

In which therapy are contrasts NOT worked on and consistency is the primary goal?

Children become 25% intelligible to parents at 18mnths, 50-75% intelligble by 24 monts & 75-100

Looking at the childs system relative to idealised version of the target (adult) phonology is?

A conversational speech sample rated for voice, artic, resonance, prosody using

Sonority is the amount of 'sound' in a consonant or vowel- consonant clusters w small sonority

Speech production in infants- 4-6 mnths they should be:

Phonological contrasts aim to develop meaningful contrasts between words & should be used on

Most phonological processes should be resolved or suppressed by:

You can assess activity & participation levels through functional ax such as?

Treatment of respiratory-phonatory impairment aims to improve:

What are the three bodily requirements for speech acquisition?

CNS & PNS executes speech motor programs through innervation of respiratory, phonatory etc

Nuffield Centre Dyspraxia Programme (NDP-3) & PROMPT are the 2 CAS interventions most used?

Dysarthria groups, education based services, intensive 1;1 therapy, outpatient therapy are?

Multiple oppositions: target more than single contrastive pair-multiple pairings with several

To identify complex targets you should list singleton consonants & clusters not used and then

Speech production in infants: 1-4 months they should be:

Any disruption to normal speech that results in a person being difficult to understand is a?

The middle 8 sounds are?

Do you need to assess PA in children with SSD so you can see if they are a literacy risk?

Impaired neuromuscular control & execution of speech- phonetic level disorder is?

PRARP= the speech subsystems which stand for?

Atypical processes thatoccur in phonological disorders are not used by >10% children of any age

Speech disorders resulting from neurologic impairments affecting motor planning or execution r?

A standardised ax you can use for perceptual analysis of speech disorders is:

Difficulty articulating /r/- loss in quality but NOT other identifiable phoneme eg not gliding

Ax for childhood dysarthria inc. OPE, artic & phonology, convo speech sample, intelligibility

The speech systems approach to intervention for dysarthria has 3 key areas:

Strength training parameters can be used to treat

When giving feedback say what was said, why its wrong and how to fix it, feedback should be..

Error patterns that occur during normal development but are typical of younger children =

The early 8 sounds are

To get a spontaneous speech sample you can use conversation, picture description, role play

The normal range of sustained vowel length e.g. /ah/ is?

difficulties learning to read & spell, minimizing verbal interaction, at-risk for bullying are

Which therapy intervention stresses the interactive, interdependent nature of speech & language

Impairment in one or more of: respiration,phonation, articulation, resonance, prosody is:

The dysarthrias result in multi-system dysregulation?

If a child is unaware of their difficulty it is most likely what kind of disorder?

LSVT Loud is used for Parkinsons disease & hypokinetic dysarthria & aligns with the principles

What is phonological awareness (PA)?

Inhibition really looks at the internal and external monitoring of things?

at 3;6 children can produce /f/ and at 4 l, 'sh', 'ch', at 4;6 they can produce z,s, dg, at 5;0

Comprehensibility can be used to reduce activity limitations by training communication partners

If a speech sound is NOT stimulable this indicates a:

Prosthetic and assistive devices can be particularly effective for people with dysarthria:

source being filtered through resonant properties of the vocal tract and articulator movement

You should always start and finish the session

Speech sounds produced by infants are though to be:

In drill practice the child must practice the target words daily

When s & z r produced with air escaping over sides of tongue it is what kind of lisp?

Auditory -perceptual ax are the gold standard ax for childhood dysarthria

FIST results- kids with phon disorders have less cognitive ability than kids w pho delay and

Phonological working memory=

What are the steps in motor learning?

What are some strategies for improving speech signal and reducing activity limitations?

When determining treatment goals you need to consider treatment priorities/hierarchy which are?

Metaphon aimstoincrease metalinguistic analysis-emphasises similarities & differences in sounds

produce same substitution or distortion of sound in words or in isolation even if imitated

Motor speech planning/programming is

Disorder of speech planning/programming where problems manifest in speech and complex movement

Decreased phonological short term memory & decreased phonological working memory=

set of processes associated with practice leading to permanent changes in capability 4 movement

Medical intervention, prosthetic management, behavioural management, AAC, counselling & support

Consistency Ax include token-to-token variability, DEAP inconsistency ax & variable production

Apraxia of Speech (AOS) and Dysarthria are both MSDs and AOS

In AOS SMRs are poorer than AMRS but in dysarthria they are equal?

Oral motor dyspraxia, fine/gross motor impairments, reading/spelling impairments are comorbid

Alternating motion rates e.g. puh puh (AMRs) & Sequential motion rates e.g. puh tuh kuh (SMRs)

the goal of therapy is to improve performance during the session or maximise learning/transfer

The late 8 sounds are:

Understanding & organising thoughts, feelings emotions to communicate =

In articulation disorder speech sounds are wrongare these kids are of what they're doing wrong?

How many syllables are in the word coffee? is a syllable segmentation task?

In best production will all words be error free?

What are some of the treatment principles for speech disorders?

Vertical treatment approaches have:

Control and execution of speech=

Does traditional articulation therapy work for children with a phonological impairment?

What is the most commonly presenting speech disorder?

extent to which listener understands utterances produced by a speaker within a comm context

Abnormal resonance (hypernasality) & abnormal airflow (nasal air emission), weak consonants are

phonological contrasts is an intervention for consistent phonological disorder but core vocab

Phonetic level disorders are where sound production occurs where phonemic level disorders are?

What is the primary measure of disability?

A range of tasks should be used for acoustic ax- they are the same used in perceptual ax & are?

Acoustic analyses are a good way to supplement your aud-perc analysis with objective data

You can use LSVT for childhood dysarthria as an intervention: functional comm goals are?

MLP (motor learning principles) say feedback to child should be frequent as it

What are the three key investigation areas for speech and cognition?

Serial recall of random word list & sentences & non-word repetition tasks are example of?

When several targets are selected that are changed at weekly intervals and cycled it is a?

ASSIDS purpose is to provide objective means of measuring intelligibility & speech rate- it

What are common treatment approaches to dysarthria?

Speech production in infants 6-8 months is vocal play with 2 specific phases:

Palatal anomalies include cleft, hypoplastic palatate, fistula (little hole in palate) which

AUSTOMS rating scales include impairment, activity limitation, participation restriction and?

Fast/normal speech rate and normal prosody (stress patterns, smooth transitions) are:

Sensory feedback of phonetic placement can be achieved via observation of productions in mirror

Whole language intervention says phonology is an integral & inseperable part language & speech

Speech production in infants: birth- 4 weeks they should be:

What is useful for determining speech & regularity of reciprocal movements of the jaw, lips etc

What allows for an objective ax of the speech subsystems?

The different routes that can used for dysarthria intervention are?

Consequences of a speech disorder can include: emotional consequences- acting out, anxiety and:

When a child doesnt understand the rules for their sound system & omit/substitute sounds its a?

Children phonological system shows at least 40% variability in productions

SMART goals stand for:

Spoken word recognition- do these words rhyme: shell & bell is a

many contrasts within a phonological error pattern e.g. pie, pipe, pine for final consonant del

If a child understands in what contexts the sounds should be used but they cant articulate it?

Roles, employment, leisure activities, social life, relationships & self-perception are the 6?

Dysarthria intervention aims to maximise the ....... of communication

Speech impairment is not just in the mouth but also in the brain-memory is really important in

What impacts the control and execution of movements for speech production?

empty set is a single contrastive pairing of two target sounds which are both:

Delayed phonological disorders are those used by >10% of children in a younger age group

What therapy begins with familiarisation-check child has therapy targets in receptive vocab

Consonants vs Vowels & Obstruents vs Sonorants are:

Core impairment in planning/programming resulting in speech sound & prosody errors

ray & day, Rip and Dip are examples of:

No classification system exists for childhood dysarthria, can the adult classification system

The core impairment in planning/programming of movement sequences resulting in errors in speech

phonological short term memory=

CV or VC syllable is duplicated in strings of repetitive syllables e.g. /ba-ba-ba-ba/

An independent analysis involves: a consonant inventory, vowel inventory as well as?

Bat is a?

disturbances in muscular control due to CNS or PNS damage= a group of speech disorders called?

To assess a speech sound disorder you would?

Speech sound disorder subgroups r: articulation based, linguistic based & motor planning based

Fist-Flexible item selection test measures: rule abstraction & cognitive shift and is a?

Twins are prone to:

Fetal alcohol syndromes, down syndromes and fragile x are?

Sounds that differ on all three dimensions are?

A complete loss of the motor ability that enables speech is?

subsystem treatment targets impairment by taking a physiological approach and:

Dysarthria impacts on ratings of naturalness, listener comfort, intelligibility

Children with phonological delay have better cognitive flexibility than kids w phon disorder

Goals of increasing phonatory effort & VF adduction, increasing respiratory support are?

Developing & organising motor plans/programmes that activate speech muscles

A disorder of motor production/articulation of speech- difficulty with speech is

A target sound in a phonetically complex word changes to resemble another target sound in word

Traditional artic therapy involves lots of imitation, practice, client motivat & parent support

Phonological delay is the most common speech disorder for children?

Class III malocclusion is an underbite which affects:

When a child is not having trouble with the motor plan but the using the sounds?

A lisp where the tongue tip just touches the front teeth is a?

Alliteration awareness e.g. which word has a different first sound: bed,bus,chair, ball is a?

The degree to which an acoustic signal is understood by a listener is:

When treating phonetic disorders the explicit goal is to learn how to pronounce sound correctly

What is a universal feature of all dysarthrias?

CAS is associated with dysfunction involving the basal ganglia and the inferior frontal cortice

minimising the effects on the patients life in the most efficient way possible is the?

Horizontal approaches have:

Insertion of a sound in the of a word- emphasis-efanis is:

speech disorders resulting from neurologic impairments affecting motor planning, programming &?

The four components of traditional artic therapy are: identifying standard sound &

Speech Production: 9-12 mnths is Jargon which is the:

Hearing Impairment, Auditory processing, Oro-motor skills, genetic predisposition are:

What processes and systems are involved in speech production?

There 3 key sub-types of phonological disorders/delay which are?

Motor learning principles- repetitive practice (motor drills) need repetitive practice because:

Children learn to consistently say a set of at least 50 high-frequency functional words

If a child has poor understanding of the use of sound patterns in language it is a?

Impairments of attention, reasoning, memory &/low motivation can lead to:

Re-arranging of sounds or syllables in a word- cinnamon-cimanon is?

Stops, fricatives and affricates are?

What supports and person-centred, holisitic approach to assessment, goal setting & management?

Rate control has found to be one of the most effective strategies in improving speech

Production of words in phrases is where the child uses the contrast in phrases-also part of

the voiced /th/ can be produced at 8;0 whilst the voiceless /th/ can be produced at

An intact phonological short term memory but decreased phonological working memory=

A bifid uvula, zona pellucida, notch hard palate are signs of:

Nasals, liquids, glides and vowels are

Articulation disorders can be structural such as tongue tie, macroglossia or functional

looking at the childs unique system without reference to target (adult) phonology is a?

DDKs are sequential motion rates for rapid syllable production, SMRs (pataka) AMRs (papapa) are

Velopharyngeal nasality results in:

Strings of syllables varied-consonants and vowels change from one syllable to the next /gibadu/

Neurological etiologies-stroke, trauma, genetic or metabolic neurobehavioural disorders can

What is a neurological movement disorder that affects 1> speech subsystems with diff subtypes?

The consistent use of some non-development error patterns- may also use age appropriate errors

Syllable-structure awareness, onset-rime awareness, phonemic awareness are examples of

articulation of phonemes, phonological error patterns, syllable structures, variability is?

cognitive flexibility, working memory and inhibition are the 3 core?

Treating non-stimulable sounds most likely result in acquisition of both treated&non-treat soun

Inconsistent production, groping, inability to imitate sounds are the characteristics of:

designed to enhance speech signal not underlying physiological deficits is what intervention?

The inability to produce a perceptually acceptable version of one or more speech sounds is a?

Sounds that differ by only ONE distinctive feature e.g. voice, place or manner are?

p,b,t,d,k,g,n,m,'ng', w, 'y', h are sounds acquired at which age?

A marked feature implies the presence of another feature so: fricatives are marked because they

disorder of neuromuscular execution of fine motor movements involved in speech production is?

AOS errors occur consistently whilst dysarthrias are usually consistent- but AOS auto speech

Posture, deep breath, clear voice are reminders used in:

Neurodegenerative diseases like parkinsons, motor neuron disease, huntingtons disease & MS are

When doing artic therapy you should reward positive behaviour:

What aims to develop meaningful contrasts between words & requires cognitive reorganisation of

Which speech disorder is most common?

Phonological process analysis involves going through processes & deciding if typical or delayed

Single word production where the child produces the contrast following a model is also a

Typical sound processes from 3;0 are gliding, deaffrication, fronting, cluster reduction &

An OPE, DEAP, GFTA, Non-word repetition test should all be part of paed CAS test battery

What are the speech subsystems?

Another form of phonological contrast intervention is when multiple oppositions across a phonem

When speaker attempts to make sounds with tongue in contact with palate it is a

Articulation therapy is intervention for Artic disorders, whole language phonological contrast

You have to get 40% or above to be considered inconsistent on the DEAP inconsistency test

targeting later developing sounds, marked consonants first, non-stimulable phonemes first is?

Lisps are common in artic disorders, when the tongue tip protrudes between front teeth it is a?

Voice and speech tasks you can do for an acoustic analysis are:

what causes problems in oral comm due to paralysis, weakness or incordination of speech muscles

Transferring the newly learned pattern into spontaneous speech is the overall objective of?

PRAAT is a type of acoustic analysis, this ax looks at frequency, jitter, intensity, shimmer &

For children with poor respiratory support for speech consider source based approaches such as:

Place, Manner & Voice are?