Chapter 29/30 Earth Science Quiz

How do astronomers learn the conditions inside the sun?

If the meteoroid does not completely burn up; part will collide with the ground.

The lowest layer of the sun's atmosphere approximately 400 km in thickness.

What determines the internal structure and other properties of stars?

Small, icy bodies that have highly eccentric orbits around the sun.

The small solid core.

Which planets are very similar in size and composition?

When a planet is farthest from the sun.

Planets that have low densities, no solid surfaces, ring systems, many moons are known as what?

Which planet is the largest of the gas giants?

What was Copernicus known for?

The entire outer portion of the star is blown off in a massive explosion.

Gas flows outward outward from the corona at high speeds.

Which planet shows signs that it once had tectonic activity?

The distance between the Sun and Earth; 1.496*10^8

What is Jupiter's interior like?

As the cloud contracts,its rotation forces it into a disk shape w/a hot condensed object@center

A form of hydrogen that has properties of a liquid and a metal, only exist under high pressure

The apparent shift in position caused by the motion of the observer.

Why is Earth suitable for life?

Solid bodies that continued to grow and eventually reach hundreds of kilometers in diameter.

Dark spots on the surface of the photosphere, cools spots.

These planets formed from hot inner disks.

The combining of lightweight nuclei, such as hydrogen, into a heavier nuclei.

How are stars classified?

What are the 3 parts of the sun's atmosphere?

Visible light arranged according to wavelengths.

These are rocky remnants of the early solar system.

The brightest an object would be if it were placed at a distance of 10 pc.

The H-R diagram relates to these basic properties of the stars.

Small, extremely dense, gravity so immense that nothing can escape it.

When only 2 stars are gravitational bound together and orbit a common center of mass.

What are some active features of the sun?

What planet has a surface similar to the moon but a different interior?

Who is Kepler?

What occurs when the outer layers of the star bounce off the neutron star core &explode outward

Violent eruptions of particles and radiation from the surface of the sun.

Stellar brightness are expressed how?

How bright a star appears to be.

The splitting of heavy atomic nuclei into smaller, lighter nuclei.

High, cool, light-colored clouds that rise.

What two things balance each other in a star?

When a planet is closest to the sun in its orbit.

A planet moves in the opposite direction across the sky.

Extends several million km from top of chromosphere, temp range of 1-2 million K

Runs diagonally from the upper-left corner, where hot, luminous stars are represented. 

To measure the energy output from the surface of a star per second.

What have highly eccentric orbits and are made of rock and ice?

The ratio of the distance between the foci to the length of the major axis.

Collapses on itself as a result of its own gravity.

The inner 4 planets; close to the size of Earth and have solid, rocky surfaces.

Any interplanetary material falls toward Earth and enters the atmosphere.

What law did Newton create that was used to demonstrate the validity of the heliocentric theory

How did the solar system form?

Resistanceto being squeezed creates a pressure that halts the collapse of the core&becomes this

These planets formed from volatile elements in the cold outer disk.

This consists of the core where fusion of hydrogen into helium,radioactive & convective zones

Named groups of stars after animals, mythological creatures, ect. and became called these.

Arcofgas ejected from chromosphere/gasthatcondenses in the inner corona rains back tothesurface

What did early astronomers explain the motions of the planets with?

A meteoroid falls toward Earth, burns up in Earth's atmosphere and produces a streak of light.

Positional measurements of the stars are important for measuring distances through this.

Absolute magnitude  on the vertical axis & temp or spectral type plotted on the horizontal axis

Which planet is not classified as a gas giant or terrestrial planet?

Which planet is smaller than Jupiter with many more rings?

A meteoroid falls toward Earth, burns in the atmosphere & produces a streak of light.

Particles from the comet burn up upon entering Earth's upper atmosphere.

After loosing mass, stars up to 8 times the Sun's mass for these?

The next 4 planets from the Sun; larger, more gaseous, and lack solid surfaces.

Terrestrial planets have what characteristics?

Who is Brahe?

Low, warm, dark colored clouds that sink

Leftovers from the formation of the solar system.

Where do most asteroids orbit the sun?

Above the photosphere,approximately 2500 km in thickness and has a temp. of 30,000 K at the top

The wobble in Earth's rotational pull.

This planet has an very hot surface dueto greenhouse heating but is close to Earth in some ways

This contains most of the mass in the solar system and is made of primarily hydrogen and helium

An extended volume of glowing gas.

What was Galileo known for?

Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are these type of planets...

How long is the Sun's activity cycle?