A.P. Psychology

Receptors for hearing are located in:

Disorder of the mind involving thoughts, behaviors, and emotions that cause distress

Mental pictures that aid memory

Memory losses combined with internalized anger is likely to result in:

The motivation to fulfill one's potential

Responsible for hearing, speaking, and comprehension

Sections of brain responsible for touch, taste, and temperature

Which are more likely to have a color deficiency or blindness?

The receptors for taste are located in the:

What is the embryonic stage of development?

Twins who develop from one egg that divides into two and have the same DNA

This naturally and automatically triggers a response.

Consists of the hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus

6 month old infants will cross a visual cliff if their mother falls.

An organism's decreasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure

Bottom-up processing draws on our experiences and expectations.

Which are opposing colors?

Frequency is to pitch as _____ is to _____.

Sleep chemical tied to mood disorders

During which stage of sleep is it hardest to wake someone? Hint: Delta waves are present.

Parents submit to their children's desires

The smallest distinctive sound unit in a language

Depression is linked with:

The conscious executive of a personality

Being on time to school to avoid getting punished for too many tardies is an example of an:

The tendency to recall the first and last items in a list best

Severe mood shifts or a mix of depression, anxiety, and manic episodes

Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to use or show it

External reward used to motivate

Conditions that involve disruptions of memory, awareness, identity, or perception

Which is not a symptom/sign of bulimia nervosa?

Before about age __, IQ tests generally do not predict future scores.

Hunger triggering hormone

Someone hearing a recording of a Japanese, Spanish, and American children babbling would:

Focusing on inner sensations, images, and feelings

When obese people receive leptin injections, body weight tends to:

Tendency to approach a problem a particular way, usually a way proven successful in the past

a decrease in response to a stimulus after being repeatedly exposed to it

In an experiment to determine the effects of attention on memory, memory is the:

Which is not considered a natural, biological rhythm?

Age where you begin storing memories of events

Anorexia always begins as a weight loss diet.

The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role

Long wavelength =

Which research seeks solutions to practical problems?

A rule or procedure that guarantees a solution to a particular problem

Sign language ___ a complete language.

Learning that occurs, but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it

The science of behavior and mental processes

The child who says "milk gone" is engaging in:

Which of the following is not true about babbling?

Impairment of language

Part of the answer to "who am I?" that comes from our group memberships/relationships

Children first demonstrate an understanding for syntax during the ___ stage.

Any event that strengthens the behavior it follows

Ability to access stored information when you need it

Conflict in which one must choose between two desirable options, causing stress

The science of behavior and mental processes

All of the following are laws of perceptual organization except:

Eyeball is too short

A test designed to measure current knowledge

Parents impose rules and expect obedience

Separate tube-like segments that insulate the axon inside a neuron

When schizophrenia is slow to develop, recovery is ___.

Believes the mind is blank at birth and most knowledge comes from sensory experience

Which rhythm is shorter than a circadian rhythm?

Friedman's term for easygoing, relaxed people

Desire to perform a behavior for one's own sake

Which is NOT a visual illusion?

Condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated

Cannot speak, write, or understand language

Bulimia nervosa involves:

A binocular cue for perceiving depth; uses both eyes to compute distance

The inner ear contains receptors for:

What is 1 characteristic associated with those who have fulfilled their potential? Two answers.

Punishment is considered a negative reinforcement.

The film of a camera is analogous to the eye's:

Hormone secreted by pancreas

A way to alleviate chronic pain is to stimulate the ___ nerve fibers that ___ the spinal gate.

The brain's ____ lobe is ___ active in extroverts.

Contributes to the activation of the fight or flight stress response

Which of the following is the correct order of psychosexual stages proposed by Freud?

Process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal oriented behaviors

Operates on pleasure principle; made to satisfy basic urges

Which neurotransmitter is overabundant during the manic phase of Bipolar Disorder?

____ processing refers to how our knowledge and expectations influence perception

Giving a dog a treat as a reward is an example of a:

Conflict in which a choice must be made between two undesirable alternatives, causing stress

Personality disorder; emotionally unstable, unstable relationships, and unstable sense of self

Though top-down processing, we detect the lines, angles, and colors of the objects around us.

Came up with the universal grammar theory

Person claiming to be able to read another person's mind is claiming to have:

Any visual cue that requires both eyes:

What happens in the germinal stage of development?

Which of the following individuals is also a physician?

Our position and motion sensors are found in the semicircular canals

Personality disorder featuring severe social anxiety, paranoia, often unconventional beliefs

Sensory memory that decays more slowly than visual sensory memory

Which of the following is a major criticism of the social cognitive perspective?

Complete diminishing of a conditioned response

Research with ____ patients indicates that we know when to eat based on memory of our last meal

Most common form of schizophrenic hallucinations

Cell in the thalamus that is excited by red and inhibited by green:

Proximity, similarity, closure, continuity, and connectedness are examples of:

Ability to "see the future"

State of being seriously mentally ill, little contact with reality

An event that decreases the behavior that it follows

The experimental factor being manipulated

A neuron's branching extensions

Memory aid

Unlearned response

Nerve cell; building block of nervous system

Difficulty hearing high pitched sounds typically includes problems with:

Two consecutive weeks of low mood accompanied by low self esteem, pain, and loss of interest

Common mental illness, featuring feelings of uneasiness, worry, and fear

Freud's theory is that dreams:

Cramming before a test is an effective way to retain information.

Beginning to anticipate events by learning a link between two or more stimuli

A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act a certain way

Partial reinforcement is less successful than continuous reinforcement.

Psychology is currently defined as:

How large is a fetus during the 6th month of development?

If one of two identical objects reflects more light to your eyes it'll be perceived as:

The variable held constant, controlled

According to Darwin, evolution works through the process of

Schizophrenia is associated with excess ___ receptors.

Starting with larger details and working your way down

Reinforcing a response only sometimes, or part of the time.

Which are NOT opposing colors?

According to Freud, what are gender roles based on?

Extreme, irrational fear of an object, place, or situation

The disorganized thoughts of those with schizophrenia result from a breakdown in:

Any event that strengthens the behavior it follows

A set of ideas, behaviors, attitudes, and traditions that exist within large groups of people

What gland is considered the "master gland" that controls the others?

Which is a monocular depth cue?

A fertilized egg

Beginning at about 4 months; infant spontaneously utters sounds

Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli (punishments)

The brain computes an object's brightness ____ its surroundings.

A sample that fairly represents a population

Overestimating others' noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders

During which stage is logical thinking about events enabled? Hint: ages 7-11 (Piaget)

Using an acronym is a form of this specifically:

All the cases in a group from which samples may be drawn for a study

Cleaning your room because you'd like it clean, not because your parents told you to, is:

Gland(s) that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

Rorschach tests include:

Hormone secreted by an empty stomach

Learning by observing others

Excitatory neurotransmitter; pleasure chemical

The method of introspection is reliable

Metabolic factors do not cause eating disorders.

A person standing atop a mountain on a clear night can see a candle flame 30 mi. away. This is:

Titchener introduced the school of structuralism, which used the method of:

Which is an unlearned response?

Our ability to perceive motion

Disturbances in a person's movement, typically bringing out severe aggression

A person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

Animals exposed to aversive events with no way to escape may develop:

Figure is to ground as ____ is to _____.

Most common people to develop an eating disorder?

Process of maintaining information over time

What is the average gestation period?

Internal balance

The variable that is not being manipulated

Outermost part of brain responsible for sensory input

Which of the following is not one of the basic tastes?

Closes pain gate

Body structures making sexual reproduction possible

Condition where you experience random bouts of unconsciousness

Historical roots of psychology:

What does the pineal gland produce? (Hint: it is stimulated by light)

Results from damage to the outer or middle ear

What is the rooting reflex?

The phantom limb sensation indicates that:

Choose the best example of flashbulb memory:

What psychologist discovered that contact is the key to development (using monkeys)?

Eating disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by purging (vomiting)

Characterized by conscious decision making

Hearing losses that occur with age are especially pronounced for ___ sounds.

Which is not a stage of grief?

Opens pain gate

Controversy over the relative contributions of biology and experience on behavior

Produces an unconditioned response in an organism

Taste receptors reproduce every week to two weeks

The strength of the relationship between two vivid events will most likely be:

In studying personality, a social-cognitive theorist would most likely make use of:

Objects higher in our field of vision are perceived as farther away due to the principle of:

Includes the medulla, pons, and cerebellum

17th century philosopher that believed some ideas are innate

Learned response

Modern studies reveal a ___ positive correlation between head size and intelligence score.

The ___ perspective explores how our minds process, encode, store, and retrieve information

Sensation is to detecting a stimulus as perception is to ____.

Seeing objects as standing out from their surroundings

IQ scores of adopted children are more similar to biological parents' test scores than adoptive

Inhibitory neurotransmitters; body's natural painkillers

Observation in depth of a single person

Tendency to search for information that confirms ones preconceptions

Which psychological perspective emphasizes the interaction between brain and body in behavior?

A sound that comes from directly ahead will be ____ to locate than sounds coming from one side

How do we perceive a pole that partially covers a bush?

In abundance, this chemical increases metabolism.

Which of the following is considered to be an overgeneralization of a grammatical rule?

Information is maintained in short term memory only briefly unless it is:

What is the first stage of grief?

Obese mice eat less, become more active, and lose weight when injected with:

Deaf children raised in a household that uses sign language feel more accepted.

Sign language has its own grammar, syntax, and semantics.

Of the four distinct skin senses, the only one that has definable receptors is:

One sense may influence another

Recalling information of oneself

Excessive self love

Processes visual information

Difficulty speaking, primarily caused by stroke

Which BEST describes the hindsight bias?

Who introduced the early school of structuralism?

According to Piaget, what develops during the pre operational stage of development?

Reinforcing the desired response EVERY TIME it occurs

In which does dreamless sleep occur?

Which psychologist introduced psychoanalysis?

A testable prediction/theory

Learned response or reaction to something

What is the mode of the following distribution of scores: 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 14?

Focuses on the adaptive significance of mental and behavioral processes

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders

To get information out of storage, we must

What does the thyroid control?

Short term memory has ____ subsystems.

Kinesthesis involves:

Which of the following is not a requirement of a good test?

Desire to do something due to promised rewards or threats of punishment

Stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus will cause an animal to:

In generalizing from a sample to the population, it is important that the sample be:

Set of rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences

A readiness to perceive oneself favorably

Someone who is chronically lonely is likely to attribute his unsatisfactory social life to:

Whether an individual's traits remain the same or change throughout life

Pavlov discovered: (Hint: dogs salivating when a bell is rang)

When does the most development occur in babies?

Research strategy that'd help determine whether students' college grades predict later income?

The outer ear channels sound waves toward the ___, a membrane that then vibrates.

Illnesses caused by viruses are not considered teratogens.

Focusing on inner sensations, images, and feelings

Which psychologist studied children most?

A group of genes of an individual

How people differ as products of different environments

The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response

High levels of male hormones during prenatal development may enhance:

Parents are both demanding yet responsive

Approximately what percentage of population is mentally retarded?

The smallest unit in a language that carries meaning (may be a word or part of one)

The best example of something, an original. Used to enhance memory and recall

How does pain differ from other senses?

Wernicke's area is located in the:

Inability to recall one's past, and the loss of identity or the formation of a new one

Believed knowledge originates from experience.

Nerve deafness is caused by:

According to Freud, defense mechanisms are methods of reducing:

Tendency to search for information that confirms ones preconceptions

To get information into storage, we must

Thinking without using language is impossible.

Lifelong pattern of extreme shyness and feelings of inadequacy

Most of the hallucinations of schizophrenia patients involve the sense of:

Bridge between left and right hemispheres of the brain

Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as rewards or treats

Thinking strategy that allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently

Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs

Patterns of excessive attention seeking emotions (seductive behavior, need for approval)

The set of rules deriving meaning from sounds

Naturally and automatically triggers a response

Behavior is best defined as:

Which psychologist refers to fulfilling one's potential as self-actualization?

Diminishing of a conditioned response

The amount of energy used while at rest in a neutrally temperate environment

Where memories are stored

An illusion of movement when seeing a succession of still images

Eating disorder characterized by starving oneself

A person whose weight exceeds _____ will feel less hungry than usual and expend more energy

Francis Bacon's ideas led most directly to the scholarly view known as:

Most psychologists agree that intelligence is mainly based on heredity.

Depression that lasts for 2+ years, usually mild to moderate

When does fetal brain development occur most?

The experimental factor being manipulated

Controls the pupil

Choose one of the big five personality factors. Two correct answers.

An event that decreases the behavior it follows

At a party, we are easily able to attend to one voice speaking among many.

Where fear is processed

Philosopher than maintained knowledge comes from inborn ways of organizing sensory experiences

What is preconventional morality according to Kohlberg?

Ability to form close, loving relationships

Process of recognizing and interpreting sensory stimuli

Your friend tosses you a frisbee. You know it is getting closer rather than larger because of:

According to Levinson, when do you re-examine and question earlier life decisions?

Tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors

Cause of eating disorders is unknown, but proposed explanations focus on all but:

Which are less likely to experience a red-green color deficiency?

All the cases in a group from which samples may be drawn for a study

In promoting personality growth, the person-centered perspective emphasizes all but:

Observing the way someone shoots a basketball and then imitating the way they do it is:

To overestimate the accuracy of one's own beliefs and judgements

The ability to solve well-defined problems

Our genes play an important part in defining our temperament.

What is another term for schizophrenia?

Greek philosopher that believed intelligence is inherited

Increases in insulin will:

In Erikson's psychological stages, when is trust vs. mistrust demonstrated?

Takes place over a long period of time, examining one group of participants

Believed intelligence is inherited:

The term gestalt means:

Number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time

Carbohydrates boost levels of ____, which ____ the body

Maintaining information in memory storage:

A type of learning in which behavior is diminished by a punishment

IQ test scores in the United States have been dropping over the past 50 years.

Tendency of vision to dominate the other senses

Three steps of memory processing, in order:

Type A people (according to Friedman and Rosenman) are:

The Oedipus and Electra complexes have their roots in the:

A testable theory/prediction

What is a teratogen?

Which of the following is true about people who score high on aptitude tests?

A fetus is the developing human organism from 2 weeks after fertilization thru the second month

In its earliest days, psychology was defined as:

The process by which sensory info is converted into neural energy is:

Upholding laws and rules to gain social approval or maintain social order

Defined by having a body mass index (BMI) over 25

Serious, severe mental disorder in which contact is lost with external reality

This part of the brain becomes especially active for verbal test questions.

Reinforcing a response only part of the time

Textbook chapters are often organized into ___ to facilitate information processing.

Belief that is held with strong conviction despite superior evidence proving that belief wrong

Section of brain containing visual centers

Good use of words and overall attractiveness can help convince others to accept ideas

A boy claims he crams right before a test so he doesn't forget the information. You tell him:

High frequency =

Automatic feeling or thought

"Switchboard" for sensory information

Fake/false treatment to measure change and actual effect

Primary research tool of first psychologists was the experiment.

Tendency to organize stimuli into smooth uninterrupted patterns:

Psychologists that study, assess, and treat troubled people

Seeing, hearing, imagining something that is not there caused by mental disorders

The way you're raised in a specific environment

Expected behavior of a male or female

The psychological views of James are to those of Titchener as functionalism is to ____.

The subject matter of psychology has changed over the history of the field.

Anorexia nervosa involves binge eating followed by purging.

Our ability to detect odors peaks in adulthood and declines thereafter.

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders

Unwanted thoughts, sensations, urges, feelings, or behaviors. Often repetitive

Who founded the first lab in the field of psychology?

Being an introvert means:

Someone with an IQ test score of 63 at the age of 24 is likely to:

The phonemes for all languages are the same.

Freud's theory is that human development is:

The way you're raised in a specific environment

Which of the following is the most pervasive of the psychological disorders?

A sample that fairly represents a population

Process of observing and imitating a specific behavior

Behavior in the workplace

Chamber between the eardrum and cochlea

A tone's highness or lowness

Makes chemicals involved with sleep

Inability to stop thinking about something without high anxiety

Using what you know from experience, forming a plan

The measure of variation that is most affected by extreme scores

Using a jingle or rhyme to remember something is considered a:

Twins that develop from two different eggs with different DNA

Prove psychotherapy and treat physical causes of psychological disorders

"Overlearning" something hinders retention of the material.

Which brain waves are associated with dreaming?

Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli. Example: giving dog a treat

Desire to perform a behavior for one's own sake

Personality tests based on peer reports are ___ accurate than ones based on self reports.

Which type of manager has little trust for their employees and feels they must be watched?

Loss of ability to have children, ending of menstruation in women

Neuron extension that passes "messages" through its branches

Having a relatively high level of brain arousal is associated with being:

Once we see an object as a figure, it is impossible to see it as ground.

Process of getting information out of memory storage:

A boy's sexual desires towards the opposite sex parent

Desire to perform a behavior due to an incentive (promised reward or threat of punishment)

Stimulation of the hypothalamus will cause an animal to begin eating.

Wavelength is to hue as ____ is to brightness.

According to ___, we learn to perceive the world.

A patient is having delusions that they are being plotted against. They are showing signs of:

Not speeding while driving because you do not want a ticket is an example of:

A type of learning in which behavior is diminished by a punishment

Studies of the visual cliff have provided evidence that much of depth perception is:

Controls vital reflexes, such as breathing, heartbeat, and internal temperature

A test designed to predict a person's ability to learn something new

Increasing behaviors by stopping/reducing negative stimuli

Research shows most people have a ___ self-esteem.

Performance only increases with arousal to a certain point, beyond with performance decreases

The historical roots of psychology include:

Admits light

Process by which we perceive and respond to certain events

Who introduced the idea of adolescence?