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B2.2 Organelles and compartmentalization + IB Biology Topic B2.2 - Organelles and Compartmental Flashcards | StudBud
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B2.2 Organelles and compartmentalization + IB Biology Topic B2.2 - Organelles and Compartmental
B2.2 Organelles and compartmentalization + IB Biology Topic B2.2 - Organelles and Compartmental
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Cell structure
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1
Which process results in the formation of cage-shaped clathrin-coated vesicles?
Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Condensation
2
Transcription takes place in the
ribosomes
vesicles
nucleus
cytoplasm
3
The intermembrane space between the inner and outer membrane is where a high concentration of protons is generated
True
False
4
Mitochondrial Matrix contains mitochondrial DNA but not enzymes
False
True
5
Free ribosomes create
proteins to be transported out of the cell
problems for IB Biology students studying protein synthesis
proteins that can only be used by the nucleus
proteins to be used by organelles within the cell
6
Which letter represents the cristae of the mitochondrion?
A
B
C
7
Ribosomes have a small and a large subunit
True
False
8
HL ONLY B2.2.7 - Free Ribosomes...
Store DNA.
make proteins for export out of the cell.
Transport proteins.
Make proteins for inside the cell
9
The stroma is the region outside the
all of the above
plant cells.
chloroplasts.
thylakoids.
10
Vesicles are made by pinching off a small area of membrane from a larger area.
False
True
11
Ribosomes that are not attached to membranes in the cytoplasm.
free ribosomes
loose ribosomes
unconfined ribosomes
unchained ribosomes
12
Mitochondrial Matrix
the stack of granula inside the chloroplasts
The inner liquid inside the mitochondria
The inner liquid inside of the chloroplast
the stack of thylakoids inside a mitochondria
13
What occurs in the mitochondrial cristae?
Krebs cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation
Link reaction
Glycolysis
14
This organelle refines, packages and delivers proteins synthesized on ribosomes of the ER
perioxisomes
lysosomes
golgi apparatus
nucleus
15
The matrix is the fluid filling the compartment inside the outer mitochondrial membrane
False
True
16
Ribosomes are large assemblages of rRNA and proteins
True
False
17
HL ONLY B2.2.4 - What’s this part of the mitochondria
Cristae
Matrix
Inner membrane
Outer membrane
18
B2.2.2 - What is
not
an advantage of compartmentalisation?
Enzymes and substrates are more concentrated.
Increases surface area.
Maintains temperature.
Protection from digestive enzymes.
19
What organelle is attached to the nucleus?
Golgi apparatus
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes
20
Proteins in the nucleus are necessary to...
form part of the structure of chromosomes
form part of the DNA
regulate gene expression
form part of the RNA
21
HL ONLY B2.2.6 - What is the nucleus's double membrane called?
nuclear envelope
plasma membrane
nuclear pore
nuclear bilayer
22
The advantage of compartmentalisation of lysosomes is:
Enzymes contained do not cause damage to other parts of the cell
Proteins contained do not cause damage to other parts of the cell
Enzymes can be packaged before they are sent out of the ce
Proteins can be packaged before they are sent out of the cell
23
The cell wall, cytoskeleton, and cytoplasm are not considered organelles because
they have no specific function
they are not membrane-bound
they have no specific function and are not in prokaryotes
both answers
24
Proteins made on ER-bound ribosomes can ____________, and those made on free-floating ribosomes ___________.
Enter the cell, secrete from the cell
Enter the cell, enter the nucleus
Secrete from the cell, stay in the cell
Stay in the cell, exit the cell
25
B2.2.1 - Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic: which is larger?
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
26
HL ONLY B2.2.4 - What’s this part of the mitochondria
Outer membrane
Matrix
Inner membrane
Cristae
27
Red blood cells can burst if bathed in pure water
False
True
28
Grana are stacks of what part inside the chloroplast?
stroma
chloroplasts
thylakoids
granum
29
mitochondrial matrix contains mitochondrial DNA, ribosomes, + enzymes.
False
True
30
HL ONLY B2.2.9 - Which protein is
not
involved in forming transport vesicles by 'pinching' off the cell membrane?
AP-2
Clathrin
Centrin
Dynamin
31
Which of the following is not an advantage of a double membrane for the nucleus?
protective barrier for DNA
allows translation to edit proteins
regulate gene expression
beneficial for mitosis and meiosis
32
What is an advantage of compartmentalization ?
Process of protein manufacturing
Mitosis
each organelle does a different job
organelles have optimum conditions to work efficiently
33
HL ONLY B2.2.8 - The cis-face of the Golgi apparatus 'buds off' as vesicles.
False
True
34
In this model,vesicles from the rER coalesce to form new cisternae
The cisternal maturation model
The vesicle transport model
35
What happens to the polypeptides synthesized by the free ribosomes?
They are released in the cytoplasm
They are released in the nucleus
36
B2.2.3 - Conditions in a paramecium can be controlled such as pH to allow digestion of food
True
False
37
HL ONLY B2.2.8 - The Golgi apparatus:
control(s) what goes in and out of a cell.
a series of tubes that acts like a road system
provide(s) energy for a cell.
transport(s) proteins and other molecules throughout a cell.
38
Clathrin coated vesicles mediate transport from
ER Mitochondria
The inward face of golgi and outward from plasma membrane
From golgi to the plasma membrane
Outward face to golgi and inward from plasma membrane
39
Enzymes inside the cisternae of the golgi apparatus can change a polypeptide to a glycoprotein
True
False
40
In the diagram below a chloroplast has been labelled ___ and a mitochondrion labelled ____.
B, G
B, C
F, C
C, B
41
The increased surface area of thylakoids allows:
Greater absorption of sunlight
Greater transport of thyroid hormone
Decreased absorption of sunlight
Greater transport of sugar molecules
42
The receiving side of the Golgi apparatus
Trans
cisternae
Cis
medial
43
The highly folded cristae of the mitochondria:
decreases surface area for reactions to occur in the mitochondria
decreases surface area for reactions to occur in the chloroplast
increases surface area for reactions to occur chloroplast
increases surface area for reactions to occur mitochondria
44
This topic...
.... is OK, I like it!
....made me regret choosing IB Biology
....is easy peasy!
... is impossible
45
B2.2.1 -In the diagram, which is organelle is D?
nucleus
chloroplasts
ribosomes
vacuole
46
A benefit of having a double nuclear membrane is allowing chromosomes to be moved to the poles of the cell in mitosis
True
False
47
What is the mitochondrial cristae?
The outer membrane
The inter-membrane
The inner space
The inner membrane
48
The large area of the thylakoid membranes ensures that the chloroplast has a large ______________ capacity
light-absorbing
ATP production
49
A proton gradient is needed for...
light absorption
production of ATP
50
The outer membrane separates the contents of the mitochondrion from the rest of the cell
True
False
51
A three-legged protein that becomes positioned on the inner face of the plasma membrane when a vesicle is being made
Clathrin
Clarithin
Clathyn
Clathryn
52
B2.2.1 -In the diagram, which is organelle is E?
golgi apparatus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
centrioles
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
53
B2.2.1 -In the diagram, which is organelle is I?
lysosome
vesicle
nucleus
nucleolus
54
Which of the following activities happens within the stroma?
The Calvin cycle produces sugars.
Electrons move through the electron transport chain.
ATP synthase produces ATP.
Photosystem I absorbs light.
55
_____________ are rounded sacs made of a single layer of membrane, and the material inside it.
chloroplasts
vesicles
mitochondria
nucleus
56
Clathrins allow:
proteins to be slowly broken down
receptor proteins to bind to specific sites
molecules that need to be removed from the cell
the formation of proteins
57
The mitochondria is label...
H
B
E
D
58
HL ONLY B2.2.7 - Bound ribosomes...
Make proteins for inside the cell.
Transport proteins.
Are attached to the smooth ER.
make proteins for export out of the cell.
59
Which of the following does not have a double membrane?
ribosome
nucleus
mitochondria
chloroplast
60
Which ER has ribosomes on it?
The Rough ER
The Smooth ER
61
The chloroplast has two membranes
False
True
62
What is the function of peroxisome?
store protein
break down foreign toxins
break down our own toxins and make lipids
break down lipids
63
What advantage do eukaryotic cells have in being compartmentalized?
Substances that are damaging to the cell are kept seperate
Organelles with their contents can be moved around the cell
It makes the cell more efficient at doing metabolism
All the above
64
Ribosomes have three subunits
True
False
65
B2.2.1 - In the diagram, which is organelle is F?
ribosomes
chloroplast
mitochondria
vacuole
66
If a membrane is perforated, the phospholipds molecules would be drawn back together rapidly
False
True
67
How can mRNA, tRNA and ribosomes move out of the nucleus?
through transport proteins
through pores
68
The Golgi Complex is label...
E
G
H
D
69
It is a stack of flattened sacs (cisternae) in which polypeptides made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum are processed
Smooth ER
Rough ER
Golgi apparatus
70
What are vesicles used for?
To move organelles inside the cell
To move materials inside the cell.
71
The outer nuclear membrane connects with the:
DNA
Golgi apparatus
Plasma membrane
endoplasmic reticulum
72
It consists of cisternae and contain ribosomes attached to them
Smooth ER
Rough ER
Golgi Apparatus
73
cell containing a nucleus & compartmentalized organelles:
Multi cellular
Prokaryote
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
74
Pigment molecules in the thylakoid membranes carry out....
production of ATP
light absorption
75
Compartmentalisation of the nucleus allows:
mRNA to be modified before it is sent to the ER for translation
mRNA to be modified before it is sent to the ribosome to make a lipid
mRNA to be modified before it is sent to the ribosome to make a protein
DNA to be modified before it is sent to the Golgi to make a protein
76
They synthesize polypepetides that must be transported to a specific location in the cell
free ribosomes
Rough ER ribosomes
77
Evidence for the _____________ model is stronger.
The cisternal maturation model
The vesicle transport model
78
HL ONLY B2.2.5 - Which is NOT an adaptation of a chloroplast?
Stroma contain multiple enzymes that increase reaction rate
Stroma contain multiple enzymes that increase reaction rate
H+ present between the inner membrane and outer membrane
Stacked Grana allows larger SA for phosphorylation
79
Which of the following cell parts are considered organelles?
Nucleus, vesicles, ribosomes
Vesicles, mitochondria, cell wall
Cytoskeleton, mitochondria, chloroplasts
Chloroplasts, cytoskeleton, cell membrane
80
The nucleus has a single membrane
False
True
81
Which structure represents a
single thylakoid?
structure A
structure B
structure C
82
The cristae of the mitochondria exist to:
increase the amount of glucose available
decrease surface area
increase surface area
create more mitochondrial matrix
83
In this model, cisternae do not move and vesicles transfer protein between them
The vesicle transport model
The cisternal maturation model
84
HL ONLY B2.2.5 - Which is NOT an adaptation of a chloroplast?
folding of the thylakoid membrane increases surface area
enzymes/substrates need for the Calvin cycle are in the stroma
the volume of the thylakoid is small
the membrane has a semi-permeable membrane
85
Which of the following is considered an organelle?
cytoplasm
ribosomes
cytoskeleton
cell wall
86
Chloroplasts produce ATP by...
phosphorylation
photophosphorylation
87
In chloroplasts, what is the structure called which joins granum together?
Thylakoids
lamella
Stroma
double membrane
88
Which of the following is not an advantage of being compartmentalized?
Organelles can be moved around within the cell.
Conditions such as pH can be maintained at an ideal level.
Enzymes are much more efficient at regulating metabolism.
Enzymes and substrates can be much more concentrated.
89
Free-floating ribosomes make proteins:
For protein synthesis
For the cell digest
For export out of the cell
For use within the cell
90
What is an example of the role of proteins in a cell?
carbohydrates
enzymes
lipids
nucleic acids
91
What happens when the processing of a protein is completed?
It is transported from the Golgi apparatus to its destination in a lysosome
It is transported from the Golgi apparatus to its destination in a vesicle
92
What double
membrane
structure surrounds the nucleus provides compartmentalization.
Nuclear Envelope
vesicles
Vacuole
Mitochondrian
93
The mitochondrion has its own DNA and ribosomes
True
False
94
Thylakoids are an extensive system of internal membranes
False
True
95
The inner membrane is the site of oxidative phosphorylation
True
False
96
The mitochondrial cristae are an adaptation that
helps mitochondria divide during times of greatest need.
increases surface area for more copies of ETC & ATP synthase
encloses the DNA housed within the mitochondrial matrix.
allows other ions to build up when H+ ions aren't available.
97
Grana are stacks of thylakoids
True
False
98
Cristae are projects of the outer membrane the increase surface area for oxidative phosphorylation
False
True
99
Stroma is a green fluid around the thylakoids
True
False
100
There is a large fluid-filled space inside the thylakoids
True
False
