Select best description of glucose's conversion to 1,6-biphosphate

These reactions require 2 ATP per glucose

are the monomers of DNA and RNA

Use the data to match the species with its waters

1, north atlantic; 2, mediterranean; 3, antarctic

Which statement about oxidative phosphorylation is false?

The process requires a membrane permeable to protons

A peptide linkage forms between

an amino group and a carboxyl group

Whether a loss-of-function mutation will be dominant, recessive, or something inbetween depends

on whether 50 % of the normal product gives normal phenotype

Which of the following statements is false?

The cell membrane becomes less permeable to the solute

How do alpha helices differ from beta pleated sheets?

sheets can be comprised of two different polypeptide chains

pyruvate oxidation to acetyl CoA is a complex reaction because

it is a multistep process with 5 coenzymes and 60 proteins

Which shows the correct order of important first events in the history of life?

Nucleic acid, archaea, cyanobacteria, nucleus, chloroplasts

Active transport moves molecules

in the opposite direction of diffusion

If living things we observe today had originated from multiple origins they would more likely

use a variety of genetic codes.

The R groups of amino acids have properties that help organize them into the groups belowexcept

positively charged and hydrophobic

Which statement represents one of the three principles of cell theory?

new cells arise from existing cells

In membranes, the lipid bilayer contains phospholipids arranged so that

fatty acid tails are tail to tail

You must classify a cell with flagellum as pro- or eukaryote. The following traits help except

The presence or absence of ribosomes

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BIOL 1307 Final Exam Review

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Questions 78

Answers

1
In Dna replication the exposed 3' end gets farther from the fork at the
lagging strand
primer
leading strand
okazaki fragments
2
The function of clathrin molecules that coat vesicles in receptore-mediated endocytosis is to
fuse with the cell membrane
recognize specific molecules
provide strength and stability
contain dissolved substances
3
Which of the cell structures is found in plants but not animals?
None of the above
Plastids
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
4
Select best description of glucose's conversion to 1,6-biphosphate
These reactions require a full ATP per glucose
A 6-carbon molecule is broken down into 3, 2-carbon molecule
These reactions require 2 ATP per glucose
the reactions . are exergonic
5
Nucleotides
do not contain a phosphate group
are the monomers of DNA and RNA
are composed of amino acids
are present in polysaccharides
6
Use the data to match the species with its waters
1, north atlantic; 2, mediterranean; 3, antarctic
1, northern atlantic; 2, antarctic; 3, mediterranean
1, mediterranean; 2, northern atlantic; 3, antarctic
1, mediterranean; 2, antarctic; 3, northern atlantic
7
Which statement about oxidative phosphorylation is false?
The process requires a membrane permeable to protons
The process is in the mitochondria in eukaryotes
the process involves respiratory chain proteins, ATP synthas
the process requires ADP and Pi
8
H3C--OH, what type of chemical bond connects the C and O atoms above?
Polar covalent bond
nonpolar covalent bond
hydrophobic interaction
hydrogen bond
9
A peptide linkage forms between
a phosphate group and a hydroxyl group
a hydroxyl group and an aminio group
an amino group and a carboxyl group
an R group and a carboxyl group
10
Whether a loss-of-function mutation will be dominant, recessive, or something inbetween depends
on whether it is a point mutation
on whether it is conditional
on whether it is somatic or germline
on whether 50 % of the normal product gives normal phenotype
11
Which organelle contains enzymes necessary for aerobic cellular energy production in eukaryotes
Peroxisomes
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
Nucleus
12
Translation is the process by which information in ____ is propagated into information in ___.
dna;protein
protein;rna
Rna;dna
rna;protein
13
Which six elements provide most of the mass in the human body?
C O N H F Mg
K O N H P C
C O N H P S
C O Na H P S
14
Which of the following statements is false?
Molecules move from areas of high concentration to low
Movement of molecules is random
The rate of simple diffusion can be changed
The cell membrane becomes less permeable to the solute
15
Cells secrete materials to the exterior environment through the process of
pinocytosis
endocytosis
phagocytosis
exocytosis
16
How do alpha helices differ from beta pleated sheets?
sheets can be comprised of two different polypeptide chains
Helices represent a secondary structure
helices are denatured in urea or other denaturing agents
Sheets are stabilized by hydrogen bonds
17
pyruvate oxidation to acetyl CoA is a complex reaction because
it is a multistep process with 2 coenzymes and 20 proteins
it is in the mitochondria
it is a multistep process with 5 coenzymes and 60 proteins
it requires oxygen
18
_______ is required to maintain organization in living systems.
Water
Thermodynamics
Energy
Heat
19
PolyA tails
are added after transcription
are encoded by a sequence of thymines in DNA
are found in all mRNAs
have no function
20
Advancements in which laboratory process has allowed the rapid expansion of genomic databases?
dna purification
dna comparison
dna synthesis
dna sequencing
21
ATP hydrolysis: ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi. ΔG = –7.3 kcal/mol How many moles of ATP equate 2300 kcal
105
945
73
315
22
A clump of cells in someone's intestine is genetically different from cells elsewhere in body
a somatic mutation
They have a multifactorial mutation
silent mutation
conditional mutation
23
Which shows the correct order of important first events in the history of life?
nucleic acid, cyanobacteria, nuclues, archaea, chloroplasts
nucleus, nucleic acid, archaea, chloroplasts, cyanobacteria
archaea, nucleic acid, chloroplasts, nucleus, cyanobacteria
Nucleic acid, archaea, cyanobacteria, nucleus, chloroplasts
24
Which number indicates a bond involved in energy transfer
4
2
3
1
25
If a person is dehydrated and needs dissolved solutes quickly, which would be accelerated?
Diffusion
Osmosis
Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
26
Which is not a major step in the methods used to conduct scientific inquiry?
Expressing an opinion
Making an observation
Forming a hypothesis
Testing a prediction
27
Which statement about nucleic acid hybridization is false?
it requires the dna molecule denatured
it is used to study the relationship btwn gene and transcrpt
it revealed the existence of introns
it cuts introns out of mRNA
28
An inhibitor that binds to an active site and cannot be removed is called
competitive
irreversible
reversible
allosteric
29
When a chemical rxn occurs, changes BLANK take place, this represents the capacity to BLANK
energy; do work
reactans; produce energy
work; produce energy
products; do work
30
Which functional groups could form a hydrogen bond
Phosphate and carboxyl groups
Keto and phosphate groups
Two carboxyl groups
Amino and keto groups
31
Which feature is shared by all prokaryotes?
cell wall
ribosomes
flagellum
cytoskeleton
32
Active transport moves molecules
in the opposite direction of diffusion
toward the region with higher pH
into the cytoplasm
toward the region of lower concentration
33
Darwin referred to the differing survival and reproduction among individuals of a population as
natural selection
artificial selection
evolution
cell theory
34
The main components of biological membranes are
lipids,proteins,carbohydrates
nucleotides and nucleosides
mono and polysaccharides
cholesterol and water
35
Which is responsible for water's high heat capacity, surface tension, cohesion and adhesion?
Water's low mass
Hydrogen bonding
Water's ability to change state
The size of the water molecule
36
This figure shows a
karyotype
CDK
centromere
kinetochore
37
The chemical addition of hydrogen to an unsaturated fat would cause the fat to
lose water as a product
change from a solid to an oil
pack more tightly together
gain a kink in its shape
38
Many animal cells are surrounded by a(n)
Cell matrix
extracellular gell
extracellular matrix
cell wall
39
There is a free ____ group at the 3' end of a DNA strand
phosphate
hydroxyl
methyl
ethyl
40
What "decodes" the information present in mRNA?
rRNA
tRNA
mRNA itself
snRNPs
41
If living things we observe today had originated from multiple origins they would more likely
share the same cellular processes.
use a variety of genetic codes.
use a common set of amino acids.
show genetic similarities.
42
Chloroplasts are a kind of
chromoplast
plastid
leucoplast
Endoplasmic reticulum
43
The membranes of the ER are continuous with the membranes of the
Golgi apparatus
nuclear envelope
nucleolus
cell membrane
44
The R groups of amino acids have properties that help organize them into the groups belowexcept
positively charged and hydrophobic
negatively charged and hydrophilic
nonpolar hydrophobic
uncharged hydrophilic
45
Which statement represents one of the three principles of cell theory?
new cells arise from existing cells
cells contain dna
Cells carry out chemical reactions
cells have different functions within an organism
46
In membranes, the lipid bilayer contains phospholipids arranged so that
fatty acid heads are head to head
fatty acid tails are tail to tail
nonpolar tails extend into the extracellular fluid
nonpolar tails extend into the cytoplasm
47
Which of the following is a use of a flow cytometer?
Determining DNA base composition
Transforming bacteria
Determining the positions of atoms in a substance
Quantifying DNA amounts
48
What type of structure is shown?
nucleoside
pyrimidine
nucleotide
ribose sugar
49
You must classify a cell with flagellum as pro- or eukaryote. The following traits help except
the presence or absence of a nucleus
The presence or absence of ribosomes
the presence or absence of peptidoglycan
cell size
50
All of the following are specialized cell junctions except
Plasmodesmata
desmosomes
tight junctions
connexins
51
Which of the following is involved with anchoring cell structures in a cell?
Intermediate filaments
macrofilaments
microfilaments
mitochondria
52
Proteins that will go to different locations will likely have different _______ sequences.
signal
transport
messenger
address
53
All of the following affect the rate of diffusion except
the temperature of solution
the presence of other solutes
the size of diffusing molecules
the concentration gradient
54
Triglycerides are composed of
aggregates of glycerol
glycerol and fatty acids
phosphatidylcholine and linoleic acid.
steroids and saturated fats
55
When carrying an amino acid, the tRNA is said to be
redundant
energized
charged
occupied
56
The various types of cells in a multicellular organism
contain different subsets of the genome
delete genes to avoid expressing unneeded proteins
have functions determined by protein expression
randomly express different genes
57
a photographic plate would most likely be used in
chemical model building
x-ray crystallography
bacterial transformation
flow cytometry
58
A mutation in a protein-coding gene doesnt alter the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein
It is silent
it is loss of function
it is gain of function
it is somatic
59
A bacteriophage is a
transformed bacterial cell
protein content in a bacterial cell
dye that stains bacterial DNA
virus that attacks bacteria
60
A molecule with the formula C6H12O6 can be classified as a
protein
Cannot be determined from formula alone
carbohydrate
lipid
61
The accumulation of O2 in the atmosphere was result of photosynthesis from organisms most like
eukaryotes
ferns
mosses
cyanobacteria
62
Which statement regarding glycolysis is true?
the entire process is endergonic
two molecules of glucose are catabolized to form 2 pyruvate
Energy from atp must be expended in early steps
ATP is not formed
63
Catabolic reactions
occur as cells synthesize sugars
involve the breakdown of complex molecules into simple parts
absorb energy
allow cells to store energy in the form of chemical bonds
64
Binding of molecules to one site on an enzyme that changes shape of another site on the enzyme
is an ionic regulator
is an allosteric regulator
is a malleable regulator
is a covalent regulator
65
Carbohydrates
cannot be chemically modified
serve as recognition or signaling molecules
are a source of genetic information
are the main structure of plasma membrane
66
Proteins are built from carbons that come from
the citric acid cycle
glycolysis
pyruvate oxidation
acetyl CoA
67
Which statement about metabolic pathways is false?
Inhibitors target key enzymes in a path to slow the reaction
Chemical transformations occur in a series of separate rxns
In prokaryotes reaction components are in different places
A specific enzyme catalyzes each step
68
Which amino acid has a net positive or negative charge at pH 7?
A
B
D
C
69
If one of the sequences that you wish to amplify by PCR begins with 5′TGTCGAT3′, the primer is
3′-AAAAAAA-5'
5′-TGTCGAT-3′.
3′-ACAGCTA-5′.
5′-ACAGCTA-3′
70
Which is true about signal molecules?
The same molecule can target different cells in differnt way
Signal molecules can only activate processes, not inhibit
Every molecules functions as a signal molecule
Signal molecules are the product of transduction pathways
71
There are ___ different types of codons in the genetic code, and each codon is __ nucleotides.
64;2
16;2
64;3
16;3
72
If you put biological material in a blender what would be present after blending?
Living tissue disrupted into whole functioning cells
Cells that have been disrupted and fractioned into organelle
Cellular contents, free in solution and disrupted membranes
Broken membranes and disrupted proteins, nucleic acids, lipd
73
Why might a cell downregulate a metabolic pathway?
Both a and b
Cell can obtain product from the environment
The product of this pathway is in low supply and needed
Production of unneeded molecule is wasteful
74
An amino acid is both acidic and basic, bc of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, which r ionized by
addition or loss of a hydroxyl
addition or loss of an electron
addition or loss of a proton
addition or loss of a phosphate
75
The information needed to produce proteins is contained in
nutrients
genes
evlolution
tissues
76
Which occurs during artificial selection but not necessarily during natural selection?
Only certain individuals mate and pass on genes
Genes that carry biological info are passed on
Traits that are beneficial are selected for in each generatn
Traits that help the organism survive are selected for
77
Franklins X-ray crystallography suggested that DNA
is the genetic material
replicated conservatively
is helical
follows Chargaff's rules
78
How does the oxidation of glucose in a chemistry lab differ from that in the cell?
the final products differ
the balanced equations differ
A different amount of energy is released
the forms of released energy differ

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