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Neuro: Intro and Cellular Neuroscience Flashcards | StudBud
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Neuro: Intro and Cellular Neuroscience
Neuro: Intro and Cellular Neuroscience
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1
Abnormal activation of this has been identified in Parkinsons, ALS, and Alzheimer’s.
Macroglia
Efferent Neurons
Microglia
Afferent Neurons
2
In what plane is the brain disected?
Transverse
Sagittal
Frontal
3
The transporting of substances from the synapse to the soma
Anterograde
Retrograde
4
How many cerebral hemispheres are there?
4
3
5
6
5
What is Neuroscience?
Chemistry and Physics involved in neural functioning.
The quest to understand the nervous system.
Differences between types of cells & how each functions
Interactions among systems that influence genetics
6
Which cells is activated after an injury, illness, or disease?
Schwann Cell
Microglia
Oligodendrocyte
Astrocyte
7
Vertebrate neurons are separated into ___ groups. What are they?
2; PseudoUnipolar, Multipolar
2; Bipolar, Multipolar
3; Unipolar, Bipolar, Tripolar
3; Bipolar, PseudoUnipolar, Multipolar
8
The Diencephalon is a part of which region? How many structures are inside?
Cerebral; 4
Cerebral; 3
Cerebellar; 4
Cerebellar; 3
9
Which region of the NS coordinates movement?
Brainstem
Cerebellar
Spinal
Cerebral
10
Where do your cranial nerves emerge?
Base of the skull
C1-C2
Brainstem
C2-C3
11
Which is true about the Nodes of Ranvier?
Allows for passive wave of depolarization
Has a high density of Na+ and K+ channels
Speeds up the action potential propagation
Small myelinated patch of axon
12
What are stem cells precursors for?
Neurons, glia, and bone marrow
Glia
Neurons and Glia
Neurons and bone marrow
13
There are four types of membrane channels. Of the four, which one(s) open when a stimulus is present?
Modality-gated Channels
Ligand-gated Channels
Leak Channels
Voltage-gated Channels
14
What happens when the membrane hyperpolarizes?
Becomes LESS negative
Becomes MORE negative
15
Which type of channel is most important for action potentials?
Leak Channels
Modality-gated Channels
Ligand-gated Channels
Voltage-gated Channels
16
What are the basic components of the neuron?
Soma, Dendrites, Axon
Soma, Dendrites, Axon, Presynaptic Terminal
Soma, Nucleus, Dendrites, Axon
Soma, Nucleus, Dendrites, Axon, Presynaptic Terminal
17
The spinal region is contained in the vertebral column from the foramen magnum to L5.
True
False
18
Stronger stimuli produce an action potential of higher voltage and duration than minimally sufficient stimuli.
True
False
19
Basic functions of the neuron (choose 2)
Sensation & Motor Control
Integration & Transfer of information
Reception & Transmission
Propagation & Transmission
20
What are the contents of the brainstem?
midbrain
cerebellum
pons
medulla
21
What is Cellular Neuroscience?
The quest to understand the nervous system.
Interactions among systems that influence genetics
Chemistry and Physics involved in neural functioning.
Differences between types of cells & how each functions
22
These cells are only found in the CNS
Interneurons and Macroglia
Interneurons and Microglia
Interneurons
Interneurons, Microglia, and Macroglia
23
Which structure is with the correct definition?
Presynaptic Terminal; Extends from soma and sends information
Dendrites; finger-like projections that transmit elements of the neuron
Axon; Branchlike extensions that receive info from other cells
Soma; synthesizes a large quantity and variety of neurotransmitters.
24
In order to create an action potential, what must happen to the membrane potential?
Depolarize to +30mV
Hyperpolarize to -55mV
Hyperpolarize to -80mV
Depolarize to -55mV
25
What type of neuron is most common in vertebrates?
Multipolar
Bipolar
PseudoUnipolar
26
An action potential is a depolarizing force that is passively propagated by repeated regeneration of a signal
True
False
27
What is the functional unit of the nervous system?
Neuron
Soma
Axon
Nucleus
28
What type of neuron sends sensory information to the brain?
Efferent Neuron
Interneuron
Afferent Neuron
29
Which proteins help cytoskeleton structure?
Neurofilaments
Microtubules
Microfilaments
Neurotubules
30
Which is NOT a region of the nervous system?
Brainstem and Cerebellar
Cerebral
Spinal
Parietal
31
What thing(s) can allow the action potential to propagate faster?
Larger diameter of axon
Myelination of axon
Shorter length of axon
Temporal summation of excitatory local potentials
32
What are glia?
Cells that help form the myelin sheath
Cells that are targeted in therapies for neuro diseases
Non-neuronal cells that provide support for neurons
Cells that transmit information
33
If you were to step on a Lego, in which way would your nerves respond?
Convergence
Divergence
34
Propagation of an action potential down an axon depends on: (pick 2)
Active opening of ion channels
Amount of leak channels present
Amount of ATP in cell
Properties of axon
35
What are the active and passive propagations of an action potential?
A: Na/K Pump; P: Leak Channels
A: Opening ion channels; P: wave of depolarization
A: transfer of ions at Nodes of Ranvier; P: through Myelinated Axon
36
Which is the correct difference between a receptor potential and a synaptic potential?
Receptor has modality-gated and synaptic has ligand-gated channels.
Receptor is located on presynaptic and synaptic on postsynaptic membrane
Receptor is excitatory while synaptic depends on the NT acting upon it.
37
How is the resting membrane potential maintained?
Passive diffusion of ions through leak channels
Large negatively charged ions trapped in neuron
Na/K Pump
All of the above
