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Duplicate of Language and Gender - Year 13 Revision Flashcards | StudBud
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Duplicate of Language and Gender - Year 13 Revision
Duplicate of Language and Gender - Year 13 Revision
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Theories, Key Words and Concepts for Year 13
Flashcards
31 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
Which of these IS NOT an example of overt marking?
female pilot
male nurse
waitress
priest
2
What is semantic amelioration?
When a word gathers negative connotations over time
When a word gathers positive connotations over time
3
Which of these is a generic pronoun?
her
his
she
one
4
What is semantic pejoration?
When a word gathers positive connotations over time
When a word gathers negative connotations over time
5
Which of these IS NOT an example of overt marking?
baroness
actress
male nanny
judge
6
Whose Martha's Vineyard case-study links closely to covert prestige and group identity?
Labov
Lanyon
Lanyard
Lakoff
7
Which is the BEST academic definition of stereotyping?
An oversimplified belief that assumes knowledge of a group
Treating people differently due to things they can't control
Judging a book by its cover
Treating everybody in the same way without knowing them
8
How could you define epistemic modality?
The way speakers communicate in a mixed-sex conversation
The way speakers communicate a degree of certainty or doubt
The way speakers communicate when on the telephone
The way speakers communicate to people of the same sex
9
Which process explains how boys and girls are brought up to fit gendered moulds?
adaptation
socialisation
acclimatisation
evolution
10
Janet Hyde researched which field of language and gender theory?
Deficit
Dominance
Gender Similarity Hypotheses
Difference
11
Which of the following best describes AO3?
Attentiveness to context
Links to theory, concepts and case studies
Linguistic terminology + clear expression + line of argument
Consistent comparison of two texts
12
What is a criticism sometimes levied against their research?
Observer's paradox invalidated data
Small sample size
Disproportionate numbers of men and women
Data was a participant survey, rather than a transcript
13
Deborah Tannen researched which field of language and gender theory?
Difference
Dominance
Deficit
Gender Similarity Hypotheses
14
Which theory did Zimmerman and West research in 1975?
Dominance
Gender Similarity Hypotheses
Deficit
Difference
15
Which of these is NOT a deficit feature she suggested women show in their speech?
Vulgarities and Taboo language
Superpolite forms
Apologise more often
Modal constructions (e.g. We could, should...)
16
What did Trudgill discover?
Men drop the 'g' phoneme more, but over-report by how much
Women drop the 'g' phoneme more, but underreport by how much
Women drop the 'g' phoneme more, but over-report by how much
Men drop the 'g' phoneme more, but under-report by how much
17
Which of these was not one of the 6 contrasts proposed in her research?
Politeness vs. agression
Status vs. support
Advice vs. understanding
Independence vs. intimacy
18
How would you define Covert Prestige?
Seeing non-standard speech as a way of achieving status
Seeing highly standad speech as a way of achieving status
19
Robin Lakoff pioneered which language and gender model in the 1970s?
Difference
Similarity Hypotheses
Deficit
Dominance
20
What did her research propose?
Men and women are alike in most biological variables
Men and women are alike in most psychological variables
21
Which gender did Jennifer Coates say express epistemic modality in a way that limits force?
Men
Women
22
How many 'contrasts' did she propose characterised differences in men and women's speech?
3
6
5
4
23
Which of the following words HAS undergone a process of semantic pejoration?
Stud
Whore
Gentleman
Bachelor
24
Which of these is NOT a deficit feature she suggested women show in their speech?
Interruptions
Tag questions
Hedging
Empty adjectives
25
What did their study unearth?
86% of hedges in mixed-sex communications were by men
86% of interruptions in mixed-sex communications were by men
96% of interruptions in mixed-sex communications were by men
96% of hedges in mixed-sex communications were by men
26
Which of these was not one of the contrasts proposed in her research?
Phatic talk vs. Directed talk
Conflict vs. compromise
Orders vs. proposals
Information vs. feelings
27
Which of the following best describes AO1?
Attentiveness to context
Linguistic terminology + clear expression + line of argument
Links to theory, concepts and case studies
Consistent comparison of two texts
28
Which suffix was Peter Trudgill particularly interested in when researching class and gender?
-s
-ed
-ent
-ing
29
Which of the following best describes AO4?
Consistent comparison of two texts
Linguistic terminology + clear expression + line of argument
Links to theory, concepts and case studies
Attentiveness to context
30
O'Barr and Atkins disagreed with Lakoff in their 1980 courtroom study. What did they argue?
Language difference is created by wealth, not gender
Language difference is created by authority, not gender
Language difference is created by age, not gender
Language difference is created by region, not gender
31
Which of the following best describes AO2?
Attentiveness to context
Links to theory, concepts and case studies
Linguistic terminology + clear expression + line of argument
Consistent comparison of two texts
